Collaborative Research Center Research Articles

Assessing the Ecological Value: Monetizing Process Innovations in Tailored Forming

Companies must innovate to survive in competitive markets. The pressure to bring innovations to market faster and meet market and regulatory requirements challenges companies to assess early on whether an innovation delivers economic value added (EVA), even with a lack of quantification data. Sustainability, now a crucial industrial pillar, is integrated into this article's semiquantitative method for monetarily evaluating sustainable value drivers of innovations. The method is applied to the “Tailored Forming” innovation, developed in Collaborative Research Center 1153. The procedure employs an EVA driver tree to guarantee a net present value orientation within the innovation evaluation. A systematic literature review further systematizes the driver tree, thereby establishing a link between the sustainable value drivers of the EVA to develop a literature‐based impact model. A weighted scoring model (WSM) compensates for limited data, with interviews from CRC 1153 providing additional input. The data evaluation demonstrates that implementing Tailored Forming technology does not currently represent an effective strategy for achieving a higher EVA from a sustainability perspective, as evidenced by an increase in the WSM value. However, levers are being identified to facilitate the transfer of the Tailored Forming innovation into practice, reducing the WSM and positively influencing the EVA.

The vision of the circular factory for the perpetual innovative product

Abstract The growing scarcity of global resources demands a transition from linear to circular production patterns. This article presents a novel vision for integrating linear and circular production processes within a flexible and autonomous production system to achieve perpetual product use. The approach aims to preserve the added value of products and to integrate the design of product generations and production systems. Within the circular factory, the following core aspects must be examined: predicting functions of products, managing uncertainty in used products and process sequences, learning human action for complex tasks, implementing changeable, autonomous production systems, and enabling knowledge modeling for the circular factory across domains. Aspired results are a design for circular factory, effective strategies for uncertainty management and autonomous systems adaptation as well as the externalization of operational knowledge. This research is part of the Collaborative Research Center (CRC) 1574, which explores these aspects in detail. For an in-depth understanding of specific components, it is referred to other publications by the CRC 1574.

Plume and wall temperature impact on the subsonic aft-body flow of a generic space launcher geometry

Experimental and numerical simulation of launcher base flows are crucial for future launcher design. In experiments, exhaust plume simulation is often limited to cold or slightly heated gases. In numerical simulations, multi-species reactive flow is often neglected due to limited resources. The impact of these simplifications on the relevant flow features, compared to real flight scenarios, needs to be characterized in order to enhance the design process. Experimental and numerical investigations were carried out within the framework of the SFB/TRR 40 Collaborative Research Centre to study the impact of plume and wall temperature on the base flow of a generic small-scale launcher configuration. Wind tunnel tests were performed in the Hot Plume Testing Facility (HPTF) at DLR, Cologne, using subsonic ambient flow and pressurized air or hydrogen–oxygen combustion as exhaust gases. The tests were numerically rebuilt using the DLR TAU code employing a scale-resolved IDDES approach, including thermal coupling and detailed chemistry. The paper combines the experimental and numerical findings from the SFB/TRR 40 base flow studies and highlights the most prominent influences on the mean flow field, the pressure field, the dynamic wake flow motion, and the resulting aerodynamic forces on the nozzle. High-frequency pressure measurements, high-speed schlieren recordings, and time-resolved CFD results are evaluated using spectral and modal analysis of the one- and two-dimensional flow field data.

Preoperative Anxiolysis and Treatment Expectation (PATE Trial): open-label placebo treatment to reduce preoperative anxiety in female patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery - study protocol for a bicentric, prospective, randomized-controlled trial.

One of the most common concerns of patients undergoing surgery is preoperative anxiety, with a prevalence of up to 48%. The effects of preoperative anxiety continue beyond the preoperative period and are associated with more severe postoperative pain and poorer treatment outcomes. Treatment options for preoperative anxiety are often limited as sedatives cause side effects and their efficacy remains controversial. Placebo research has shown that optimization of positive treatment expectations, as can be achieved through placebo administration and education, has clinically relevant effects on preoperative anxiety, pain and treatment outcomes. As the administration of masked placebos raises ethical questions, clinical studies have increasingly focused on the use of open, non-deceptive placebo administration (open-label placebo, OLP). The use of OLPs to reduce preoperative anxiety and modify clinically relevant postoperative outcomes has not yet been investigated. This bicentric, prospective, randomized-controlled clinical trial (PATE Trial; German Registry for Clinical Studies DRKS00033221), an associated project of the Collaborative Research Center (CRC) 289 "Treatment Expectation", aims to alleviate preoperative anxiety by optimizing positive treatment expectations facilitated by OLP. Furthermore, this study examines a potential enhancement of these effects through aspects of observational learning, operationalized by a positive expectation-enhancing video. In addition, patient's perspective on the self-efficacy and appropriateness of OLPs prior to surgery will be assessed. To achieve these objectives, female patients will be randomized into three groups before undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery. One group receives the OLP with a positive rationale conveyed by a study physician. A second group receives the same intervention, OLP administration and rationale provided by a physician, and additionally watches a video on OLP presenting a satisfied patient. A third group receives standard treatment as usual (TAU). Outcome measures will be effects on preoperative anxiety and postoperative experience, particularly visceral and somatic postoperative pain. As the non-deceptive administration of placebos; when indicated; may yield positive outcomes without side effects, and as current treatment of preoperative anxiety is limited, evidence from clinical placebo research has the potential to improve outcomes and patient experience in the surgical setting.

The ReCoDe addiction research consortium: Losing and regaining control over drug intake-Findings and future perspectives.

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are seen as a continuum ranging from goal-directed and hedonic drug use to loss of control over drug intake with aversive consequences for mental and physical health and social functioning. The main goals of our interdisciplinary German collaborative research centre on Losing and Regaining Control over Drug Intake (ReCoDe) are (i) to study triggers (drug cues, stressors, drug priming) and modifying factors (age, gender, physical activity, cognitive functions, childhood adversity, social factors, such as loneliness and social contact/interaction) that longitudinally modulate the trajectories of losing and regaining control over drug consumption under real-life conditions. (ii) To study underlying behavioural, cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms of disease trajectories and drug-related behaviours and (iii) to provide non-invasive mechanism-based interventions. These goals are achieved by: (A) using innovative mHealth (mobile health) tools to longitudinally monitor the effects of triggers and modifying factors on drug consumption patterns in real life in a cohort of 900 patients with alcohol use disorder. This approach will be complemented by animal models of addiction with 24/7 automated behavioural monitoring across an entire disease trajectory; i.e. from a naïve state to a drug-taking state to an addiction or resilience-like state. (B) The identification and, if applicable, computational modelling of key molecular, neurobiological and psychological mechanisms (e.g., reduced cognitive flexibility) mediating the effects of such triggers and modifying factors on disease trajectories. (C) Developing and testing non-invasive interventions (e.g., Just-In-Time-Adaptive-Interventions (JITAIs), various non-invasive brain stimulations (NIBS), individualized physical activity) that specifically target the underlying mechanisms for regaining control over drug intake. Here, we will report on the most important results of the first funding period and outline our future research strategy.

Coupling process controlling data and numerical simulation in mechanised tunnelling

AbstractNowadays, both process data management and numerical analysis are necessary for decision‐making in a tunnel project from its early design stage to the construction phase. Traditional generation of simulation models largely depends on tunnel design and reports, which are error prone due to the involvement of manual intervention. This article presents the application of a digital workflow to efficiently transfer automatically acquired data from tunnel projects to computational simulations. The application workflow is developed and executed through a web‐based environment. Project data from the Victory Boogie Woogie tunnel is retrieved from the process controlling software PROCON via web services to generate numerical simulations for settlement predictions at different tunnel sections. The simulated results are validated using real measured settlements in the project to prove the quality of the simulation model. Different scenarios of applying operational steering parameters are then investigated, utilising the simulation model, which can be used to support the on‐site engineers as an assistance system to drive the tunnel boring machines. The work has been carried out within the framework of the transfer project T2 of the Collaborative Research Center “Interaction Modeling in Mechanized Tunneling” (SFB 837), which aims to implement and test a digital twin for process control under practical conditions in the tunnelling industry.

Nuclear eNOS interacts with and S-nitrosates ADAR1 to modulate endothelial gene expression

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Collaborative Research Centre (CRC 1366); Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC) Introduction and Aim Nitric oxide (NO) generated by the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) regulates vascular tone and endothelial homeostasis to counteract vascular inflammation. The effects of NO are attributable to its interaction with heme-containing proteins e.g., soluble guanylyl cyclase, or to the S-nitrosation of proteins. Most eNOS is localized to the cell membrane or the Golgi apparatus, however, it has also been detected in the nucleus. In this study, we assessed the role of nuclear eNOS in endothelial cells. Methods and Results Confocal microscopy studies confirmed the presence of eNOS in the nucleus of unstimulated human and murine endothelial cells (ex vivo and in vitro) and stimulation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increased eNOS nuclear translocation. Co-immunoprecipitation studies coupled with proteomics revealed the VEGF-dependent association of nuclear eNOS with 81 proteins involved in RNA binding and processing. Among these, nuclear eNOS bound double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase 1 (ADAR1), an enzyme involved in RNA editing via the deamination of adenosine (A) to inosine (I) in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). ADAR1 was S-nitrosated in human endothelial cells and the knockdown of eNOS was associated with an increase in dsRNA (immunofluorescence) and altered ADAR1-mediated A-I editing (RNA seq). The accumulation of dsRNA in human endothelial cells lacking eNOS led to the activation of the interferon α/β signalling pathway (e.g., MX2, OASL, OAS1/2/3, RNASEL) and the downregulation of cell cycle-related genes. As a result, growth factor-stimulated cell proliferation was abrogated and basal as well as tumour necrosis factor- or H2O2-induced cell death were increased. Furthermore, the increased dsRNA in endothelial cells lacking eNOS elicited the activation of interferon-induced, dsRNA-activated protein kinase, which in turn phosphorylated the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A. Accordingly, new protein synthesis was inhibited following eNOS knockdown (immunofluorescence and mass spectrometry). Conclusion These results demonstrated that eNOS/NO signalling regulates endothelial type I interferon signalling and affects translation, cell cycle and cell death through S-nitrosation of ADAR1.

Patents, Freedom to Operate, and Follow-on Innovation: Evidence from Post-Grant Opposition

We study the blocking effect of patents on follow-on innovation by others. We posit that follow-on innovation requires freedom to operate (FTO), which firms typically obtain through a license from the patentee holding the original innovation. Where licensing fails, follow-on innovation is blocked unless firms gain FTO through patent invalidation. Using large-scale data from post-grant oppositions at the European Patent Office, we find that patent invalidation increases follow-on innovation, measured in citations, by 16% on average. This effect exhibits a U-shape in the value of the original innovation. For patents on low-value original innovations, invalidation predominantly increases low-value follow-on innovation outside the patentee’s product market. Here, transaction costs likely exceed the joint surplus of licensing, causing licensing failure. In contrast, for patents on high-value original innovations, invalidation mainly increases high-value follow-on innovation in the patentee’s product market. We attribute this latter result to rent dissipation, which renders patentees unwilling to license out valuable technologies to (potential) competitors. This paper was accepted by Ashish Arora, entrepreneurship and innovation. Funding: This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Collaborative Research Center TRR 190]. F. Gaessler acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación through the Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D [Barcelona School of Economics CEX2019-000915-S]. Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.02294 .

The role of university–industry linkages in promoting technology transfer: implementation of triple helix model relations

AbstractThis study recognized the importance of linking higher education institutions with various industries in a given country to promote technology transfer and sustainable development. However, in one or another way, the linkage was not well-practiced in Ethiopia. The study aims to assess the role of university–industry linkages in technology transfer and identify the barriers and opportunities of the linkage. Universities have institutionalized intermediary organizations such as technology transfer offices, collaborative research centers, incubators, and science parks to enhance university–industry collaboration. The collaboration between academia and industry is understood as the transactions between universities and firms that involve the exchange of knowledge, skills, resources, and capabilities. The study uses the concept of the triple helix model and proposes the establishment of the Higher Education Institutions–Industry Resource Integration Center as a way forward to solving the problems that Ethiopian industries are facing. A triple helix of university–industry–government relations is emerging as a common format that transcends national boundaries. The integration of these functions is changing the nature of the university and its role in society. The potential for national development in Ethiopia and elsewhere resides in entrepreneurial universities taking the lead in infusing knowledge, innovation, technology, and enterprise into the entire society.

Development of a RIASEC-based model to analyse students’ perceptions of the work of nuclear- and astrophysicists

There are many stereotypical beliefs about the work of scientists among students. These can lead to a lack of interest and ill-considered career choices. This paper aims to shed more light on the everyday work of researchers in physics. To this end, an interview study (N=12) and a questionnaire study (N=66) were conducted among physicists in a Collaborative Research Centre for nuclear- and astrophysics in order to determine the physicists’ activity profiles using an adapted RIASEC+N model based on the theory of vocational choices by Holland. As a result, activities from all seven RIASEC+N dimensions were found, highlighting the broad spectrum of activities in modern physics research. However, with respect to the significance of each dimension, we found that the activity profiles of doctoral students and professors in general, as well as their profiles in theoretical and experimental groups differ particularly within the Realistic, Conventional and Investigative dimension. In the future, these results will be used to develop an outreach programme to give students an authentic insight into modern physics. Additionally, the activity profiles could serve as a reference for addressing stereotypes in school.

Preface

Welcome to the 1st Annual International Conference on Sensor Technology (INCOST) 2023. This event was taking place in Bali, Indonesia, on September 8 – 9th, 2023. INCOST aims to establish a tradition of bringing together researchers, academics, and professionals from all over the world, with a special emphasis on Indonesia, to explore the field of Sensors. The conference particularly encourages the interaction of research students and emerging academics with the well established academic community in an informal setting, providing a platform for the presentation and discussion of new and current research.We would like to acknowledge the full support from Institut Teknologi Bandung, National Research and Innovation Agency, and ITB-BRIN Collaborative Research Center for Biosensors and Biodevices. We also would like to express our gratitude to all Editors and committee members listed as follows1. Prof. Brian Yuliarto (Institut Teknologi Bandung)2. Dr. Muhammad Iqbal (Institut Teknologi Bandung)3. Dr. Ni Luh Wulan Septiani (National Research and Innovation Agency)4. Dr. Siti Nurul Aisyiyah Jenie (National Research and Innovation Agency)5. Dr. Agustina Sus Andreani (National Research and Innovation Agency)6. Dr. Robeth Viktoria Manurung (National Research and Innovation Agency)7. Dr. Gilang Gumilar (National Research and Innovation Agency)8. Muhammad Fadlan Raihan (Institut Teknologi Bandung)9. Atqiya Muslihati (Institut Teknologi Bandung)10. Chandra Wulandari (Institut Teknologi Bandung)11. Neng Astri Lidiawati (Institut Teknologi Bandung)12. Adyatma Prayoga (Institut Teknologi Bandung)13. Miftahul Khoiri (Institut Teknologi Bandung)Furthermore, we wish to extend my thanks to all the plenary, keynote, fellow researchers and all participants in the field of sensors who have authored and submitted papers on a variety of topics. Their willingness to share their research knowledge and experiences with all of us at this prestigious conference is truly commendable.

An Algebraic Blueprint for Predicting Turnover Numbers and Endpoints in Photocatalysis.

The front cover artwork is provided by the Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry and the Institute of Inorganic ChemistryI at Ulm University within the Collaborative Research Center TRR 234 CataLight. The image shows an algebraic approach to generically calculate and predict the turnover number (TON) and the endpoint of photocatalytic hydrogen gas evolution experiments. Read the full text of the Research Article at 10.1002/cphc.202300767.

Conducting clinical research and embedding person‐centred care into the hospital setting during a global pandemic: Challenges and solutions

AbstractConducting scientific research in the healthcare context is an ongoing challenge. Immediate clinical care and related tasks take priority out of necessity, often in difficult circumstances including unplanned staff absenteeism and turnover, and resource limitations. These challenges are further exacerbated in times of crisis, such as the current worldwide pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The pandemic disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, such as people living with dementia who rely on aged and healthcare services. Concurrently research studies aiming to improve health and aged care for these people are also being negatively impacted by the pandemic. There is a need for the development of guidelines that will support researchers to implement and maintain quality studies during pandemics, to prevent unnecessary delay in the dissemination of research findings, that have the potential to improve healthcare delivery quality and outcomes.This presentation first highlights the main challenges and solutions that have emerged in a study aiming to improve healthcare for people living with dementia in hospital settings, using evidence‐based person‐centred care. In addition to evaluating health outcomes for people living with dementia and cost‐effectiveness, we are using a knowledge translation framework (Goodenough et al., 2017; Damschroder et al., 2009) to evaluate the implementation of the intervention (process and outcomes) and determine nationwide scalability for hospital ward and care services. Evidence on how to adapt research processes to enable research programs to continue throughout the pandemic will be presented, followed by a set of guidelines to support researchers to engage successfully in clinical research during a pandemic. The guidelines aim to be generalisable to all clinical research projects that have been impacted by the current SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, as well as projects that may face future similar crises.ReferencesDamschroder LJ, Aron DC, Keith RE, et al. 2009. Fostering implementation of health research findings into practice: A consolidated framework for advancing implementation science. Implement Sci. 4(50):15 ‐20.Goodenough B, Young M. (2017). Innovation to Implementation for Dementia (i2i4dementia): A Practical Guide to Knowledge Translation in Health Care (with examples from aged care and dementia). Dementia Collaborative Research Centres, Australia. Access: DementiaKT.com.au

Using <em>OpenBIS</em> as Virtual Research Environment: An ELN-LIMS Open-Source Database Tool as a Framework within the <em>CRC 1411 Design of Particulate Products</em>

The digital transformation and consequent use of new digital technologies not only have a substantial impact on society and companies, but also on science. Analog documentation as we have known it for centuries will eventually be replaced by intelligent and FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) systems. In addition to the actual research data and results, metadata now plays an important role not only for individual, independently existing projects, but for future scientific use and interdisciplinary research groups and disciplines as well. The solution presented here, consisting of an electronic laboratory notebook and laboratory information management system (ELN-LIMS) based on the openBIS (open Biology Information System) environment, offers interesting features and advantages, especially for interdisciplinary work. The Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 1411 ‘Design of Particulate Products’ of the German Research Foundation is characterized by the cooperation of different working groups of synthesis, characterization, and simulation, and therefore serves as a model environment to present the implementation of openBIS. OpenBIS, as an open source ELN-LIMS solution following FAIR principles, provides a common set of general entries with the possibility of sharing and linking (meta-)data to improve the scientific exchange between all users.

Evolution of N = 20, 28, 50 shell closures in the 20 ≤ Z ≤ 30 region in deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum* *Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (11975041, 11961141004). Xiang-Xiang Sun is supported in part by NSFC (12205308), and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and NSFC through the funds provided to the

Magicity, or shell closure, plays an important role in our understanding of complex nuclear phenomena. In this work, we employ one of the state-of-the-art density functional theories, the deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum (DRHBc) with the density functional PC-PK1, to investigate the evolution of the shell closures in the region. We show how these three conventional shell closures evolve from the proton drip line to the neutron drip line by studying the charge radii, two-neutron separation energies, two-neutron gaps, quadrupole deformations, and single-particle levels. In particular, we find that in the region, the shell closure disappears or becomes quenched, mainly due to the deformation effects. Similarly, both experimental data and theoretical predictions indicate that the shell closure disappears in the Mn isotopic chain, mainly due to the deformation effects. The DRHBc theory predicts the existence of the shell closure in the Ca, Sc, and Ti isotopic chains, but the existing data for the Ti isotopes suggest the contrary, and therefore further research is needed.

Nocebo effects in visceral pain: concept and design of the experimental randomized-controlled pain study 'NoVis'.

The role of psychological factors in the pathophysiology and treatment of chronic visceral pain in disorders of gut-brain interactions (DGBI) is increasingly appreciated. Placebo research has underscored that expectations arising from the psychosocial treatment context and from prior experiences shape treatment responses. However, effects of negative expectations, i.e., nocebo effects, as they are likely crucial elements of DGBI patients' clinical reality, have thus far only rarely been investigated in the context of visceral pain, with untapped potential for improved prevention and treatment. The experimental randomized-controlled pain study "NoVis," carried out within the Collaborative Research Center (CRC) 289 ("Treatment Expectation"), aims to close gaps regarding the generation and persistence of nocebo effects in healthy volunteers. It is designed to elucidate effects of negative expectations in a multiple-threat paradigm with intensity-matched rectal distensions and cutaneous thermal stimuli, allowing to test nocebo effects in the visceral and somatic pain modalities. Negative expectations are experimentally induced by elements of doctor-patient communication (i.e., instruction) and/or by surreptitious amplification of symptom intensity (i.e., experience/learning) within a treatment context. Accordingly, the repeated measures between-subject design contains the between-group factors "treatment instruction" (negative vs. control) and "treatment experience" (negative vs. control), with volunteers randomized into four experimental groups undergoing several pain stimulation phases (repeated factor). This allows to compare the efficacy of instruction vs. experience, and more importantly, their combined effects on the magnitude of negative expectations and their impact on pain responses, which we expect will be greatest for the visceral modality. After a Baseline, short-term effects are assessed during a test phase accomplished on study day 1 (Test-1 Phase). To explore the persistence of effects, a second test phase is accomplished 1 week later (Test-2 Phase). Effects of negative expectations within and across pain modalities are assessed at the subjective and objective levels, with a focus on psychophysiological and neuroendocrine measures related to stress, fear, and anxiety. Since nocebo effects can play a considerable role in the generation, maintenance, or worsening of chronic visceral pain, and may even constitute risk factors for treatment failure, knowledge from experimental nocebo research has potential to improve treatment outcomes in DGBI and other clinical conditions associated with chronic visceral pain.

Approach for the monetary evaluation of process innovations in early innovation phases focusing on manufacturing and material costs

In early innovation phases, the monetary evaluation of process innovations is a challenge for companies due to a lack of data. However, an innovation evaluation is essential in an early innovation phase to ensure that process innovations deliver economic value added (EVA) in early innovation phases and to channel technology transfer expenditures in a goal-oriented manner. This paper presents an approach for a semi-quantitative procedure for the monetary evaluation of process innovations in the early innovation phase focusing on manufacturing and material costs. Exemplarily, the approach is applied to process innovations of the Collaborative Research Center 1368 on oxygen-free production. In order to ensure the net present value orientation within the innovation evaluation, the procedure developed is based on a driver tree of the EVA. To link value drivers of the EVA and innovation-driven factors influencing EVA, the EVA driver tree is further systematized with a focus on manufacturing and material costs using a literature-based impact model. Based on the last level of the impact model, a guideline for a semi-structured expert interview is developed. Using this interview guideline, data is collected in the form of innovation-driven influencing factors, which represent the input for the final monetary innovation evaluation. An adapted weighted scoring model is used to draw a semi-quantitative conclusion regarding the EVA achieved by the process innovation. The practical application of the approach developed to process innovations in oxygen-free production has shown that, in the context of three process innovations under consideration, their implementation with the aim of achieving an EVA through reduced manufacturing and material costs at the current innovation status is not effective. However, based on the impact model developed, corresponding levers can be identified to positively influence the EVA and thus also the industrialization of the process innovation. Finally, further necessary steps are identified to evolve the presented approach into a complete method for monetary innovation evaluation in early innovation phases.

Molecular states in systems* *Supported by the Doctoral Program of Tian Chi Foundation of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China (51052300506), the NSFC and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaftn(DFG, German Research Foundation) through the funds provided to the Sino-German Collaborative Research Center TRR110 “Symmetries and the Emergence of Structure in QCD” (NSFC 12070131001, DFG Project-ID 196253076 - TRR 110), the NSFC (11835015,

The possible hadronic molecules in systems with , and are investigated with interactions described by light meson exchanges. By varying the cutoff in a phenomenologically reasonable range of GeV, we find ten near-threshold (bound or virtual) states in the single-channel case. After introducing the coupled-channel dynamics of ----- systems, these states, except those below the lowest channels in each sector, move into the complex energy plane and become resonances in the mass range GeV. Their spin-parities and nearby thresholds are , , , , , , , , , and . The impact of the -term in the one-boson-exchange model on these states is presented. Setting GeV as an illustrative value, it is found that is a stable bound state (becoming unstable if the coupling to lower channels is turned on), and are physical resonances in cases where the -term is included or excluded, and the other seven states are physical resonances or "virtual-state-like" poles near thresholds, depending on whether the -term is included. In addition, the partial decay widths of the physical resonances are provided. These double-charm hidden-strangeness pentaquark states, as the partners of the experimentally observed and states, can be searched for in the final states in the future.

Factors, Routes, and Existing Theories of Technology Commercialization in University: A Conceptual Framework

<p>Technology commercialization in universities which consists of three phases, namely basic research, commercialization feasibility, and commercialization runs non-linearly and goes through licensing and spin-off creation. To achieve commercialization success, there are eight influencing factors, namely academic entrepreneur, role of technology, availability of market, availability of finance, intermediaries' support (i.e. University Technology Transfer Office (UTTO), university's incubator, and proof of concept center), role of collaborative research center, policy support, and regional infrastructure and environment. Meanwhile, the existing management theories that discuss the commercialization of technology in universities mostly use a resource perspective such as Resource-Based View (RBV), resource orchestration theory, and dynamic capabilities with university and spin-offs as unit of analysis. This literature study provides several recommendations for future studies. First, it needs to expand the analysis not limited to licensing and spin-off, and second, it is suggested to develop a resource perspective by enriching what dimensions influence the success of a technology commercialization in universities or provide alternative new management theories in understanding technology commercialization in university.</p>

Contact Temperature Measurements on Hybrid Aluminum–Steel Workpieces in a Cross-Wedge Rolling Process

The Collaborative Research Center 1153 is investigating a novel process chain for manufacturing high-performance hybrid components. The combination of aluminum and steel can reduce the weight of components and lead to lower fuel consumption. During the welding of aluminum and steel, a brittle intermetallic phase is formed that reduces the service life of the component. After welding, the workpiece is heated inhomogeneously and hot-formed in a cross-wedge rolling process. Since the intermetallic phase grows depending on the temperature during hot forming, temperature control is of great importance. In this paper, the possibility of process-integrated contact temperature measurement with thin-film sensors is investigated. For this purpose, the initial temperature distribution after induction heating of the workpiece is determined. Subsequently, cross-wedge rolling is carried out, and the data of the thin-film sensors are compared to the temperature measurements after heating. It is shown that thin-film sensors inserted into the tool are capable of measuring surface temperatures even at a contact time of 0.041 s. The new process monitoring of the temperature makes it possible to develop a better understanding of the process as well as to further optimize the temperature distribution. In the long term, knowledge of the temperatures in the different materials also makes it possible to derive quality characteristics as well as insights into the causes of possible process errors (e.g., fracture of the joining zone).