Collaborative Development Project Research Articles

X-ray optics for the cavity-based X-ray free-electron laser.

A cavity-based X-ray free-electron laser (CBXFEL) is a possible future direction in the development of fully coherent X-ray sources. CBXFELs consist of a low-emittance electron source, a magnet system with several undulators and chicanes, and an X-ray cavity. The X-ray cavity stores and circulates X-ray pulses for repeated FEL interactions with electron pulses until the FEL reaches saturation. CBXFEL cavities require low-loss wavefront-preserving optical components: near-100%-reflectivity X-ray diamond Bragg-reflecting crystals, outcoupling devices such as thin diamond membranes or X-ray gratings, and aberration-free focusing elements. In the framework of the collaborative CBXFEL research and development project of Argonne National Laboratory, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and SPring-8, we report here the design, manufacturing and characterization of X-ray optical components for the CBXFEL cavity, which include high-reflectivity diamond crystal mirrors, a diamond drumhead crystal with thin membranes, beryllium refractive lenses and channel-cut Si monochromators. All the designed optical components have been fully characterized at the Advanced Photon Source to demonstrate their suitability for the CBXFEL cavity application.

Designing a marine systems design specialization track at NTNU

In this paper we describe and discuss the current and future MSc specialization programme in marine systems design at the Norwegian University for Science and Technology (NTNU). We follow the structure of a design process. First, we identify relevant stakeholders. That includes industry, society and the students themselves, and we discuss what are their key needs and requirements for a master level education. Further, we outline what can be considered a conceptual solution for the marine systems design specialization programme´s structure and content. We apply two basic types of learning elements. First, a set of focused topic blocks covering central systems design models and methods to develop the required theoretical competence platform. Second, the students perform a series of creative, 'use case'-oriented collaborative development projects based on CDIO (Conceive, Design, Implement, Operate) principles. We discuss the “educational design solution” in terms of learning objectives vs. achieved results and evaluate the impact both from an academic and an industrial perspective.

Development of an intervention to support parents receiving treatment in psychiatric inpatient hospital using participatory design methods.

When parents of dependent children are treated in psychiatric inpatient hospital, it typically involves separation of parent and child for the duration of treatment, which can be highly distressing to the dyad and can result in disruption to the parent-child relationship. Parents who have experienced hospitalisation have expressed a desire for their parenting identity to be recognized and appropriately engaged with during their treatment. This recognition includes provision of interventions which support them as parents to limit the impact of their mental health on their children. The current study, the first of its kind known to have taken place, details a collaborative intervention development project for parents receiving inpatient care. The current study, the first of its kind known to have taken place, details a collaborative intervention development project for parents receiving inpatient care. This project involved the adaptation and extension of a prior parenting-focused course for parents high in anxiety to meet the needs of parents being treated in inpatient settings. In the first two stages of the three-phase project, patients, carers and mental health practitioners contributed to the revision and delivery plan for the course including developing new content for the intervention. In the final stage, which took the form of a participatory evaluation, the intervention was delivered to 11 parents receiving inpatient treatment who then provided extensive feedback. A series of iterative adaptations to the intervention were made in response to this feedback alongside stakeholder input. The final intervention comprises five modules focused on exploring the experience of parents alongside specific learning and skills orientated toward boosting their connection with their children during hospitalisation and in readiness for discharge. Preliminary feedback from patients and ward staff has been positive and the process of delivering the project on inpatient wards was associated with no increase in negative clinical outcomes. The successful development of a targeted intervention within inpatient psychiatric units offers a signal that parents treated in this setting welcome the opportunity to be supported in their parenting role. As the first known UK intervention of its kind to be developed in partnership with patients, ward staff and management, it is specifically tailored to the context and needs of this group with the potential to be delivered by a range of health professionals in this setting.

Leadership development in the Hong Kong Civil Service: Accessing social resources through guanxi networks

AbstractDrawing on guanxi and conservation of resources theory we explore how close personal ties between middle managers who participated in leadership development, constitutes an important social resource in an East Asian public sector context. We contribute to studies exploring the importance of informal leadership development opportunities and techniques, specifically utilised to overcome public sector structural barriers. We gathered qualitative data from 44 middle managers who had completed formal leadership development within the Hong Kong Civil Service. Our data revealed that high quality Superior‐to‐Subordinate Guanxi helped study participants to gain access to important development resources including further developmental opportunities, stretch assignments, developmental support and feedback. High quality Peer‐to‐Peer Guanxi helped them to gain access to peer tacit knowledge, participation in collaborative development projects and positive peer developmental feedback. Our findings inform future leadership development design and are relevant to East Asian public sector context's where guanxi ties are significant.

Collaborative Project Development with Undergraduates: Text Encoding Rare Trade Works

Collaborative Project Development with Undergraduates: Text Encoding Rare Trade Works

임상개발 소요기간에 협력개발이 미치는 영향

This research investigated how collaborations affect drug development, including innovation speed and productivity in the field of new drug development. Two-hundred and twenty new drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between 2015 and 2019 were analyzed for the duration of each clinical phase using the Clinicaltrials.gov database. Collaborative drug development projects were associated with longer clinical development than independent projects. The largest differences were seen in phases 2 and 3. Collaborations between small firms were associated with longer clinical development times than other types of collaboration. This result suggests consideration should be given, when devising a new drug development strategy, to the fact that collaborative development can slow down the clinical development process.

Drawing: A Dialogue across Disciplines.

There are many examples of a cross pollination between those involved in the arts and in the field of health care. This fruitful dialogue has resulted in the production of impressive artwork across many genres and given opportunities for the development of collaborative projects. Although advanced technologies have become more prevalent in clinics, wards and operating theatres, drawing activities continue to be a significant means of recording observations, communication and planning as well as a methodology for teaching and learning. Interdisciplinary creative projects reveal the continued importance of drawing as a central, primal activity both as part of a purposeful dialogue and also as a useful tool to encourage active participation in teaching and learning. Other studies continue to show drawing activities to be an excellent tool for developing skills in observation and communication, useful for improving the physical and psychological support for individual patients.

The Importance of Communication in Collaborative Community Development: Lessons Learned from Three Cases

Collaborative community development projects aimed at promoting economic vitality, with attendant consequences as a key social determinant of health, necessarily pose questions about how to best communicate between developers, project partners, and community members. Many such projects are taking place across the United States, including in Ohio. This commentary draws on examples from 3 communities (2 outside of our state of Ohio, and another in the Linden neighborhood of Columbus, Ohio) to distill 3 key lessons in the area of communication. First, we argue that communication should be proactive, not reactive. Second, we explain why planners should be consistent in the provision of updates related to progress or lack thereof in real time on websites and apps, all while ensuring that information remains current. Third, though communication remains an under-appreciated aspect of partnership-based community development work, including explicitly health-oriented work, we argue that communicating progress to community members is not only logistically important, but part of a broader effort to build trust within communities in order to create long-lasting and sustainable change. This trust, after all, is a necessary foundation for community-focused workconcerned with addressing the social determinants of health.

Dysfunctional Agile–Stage-Gate Hybrid Development: Keeping Up Appearances

Increasingly, the development of today’s “smart” products requires the integration of both software and hardware in embedded systems. To develop these, hardware firms typically enlist the expertise of software development firms to offer integrated solutions. While hardware firms often work according to a plan-driven approach, software development firms draw on Agile development methods. Interestingly, empirically little is known about the implications and consequences of working according to contrasting development methods in a collaborative project. In response to this research gap, we conducted a process study of a collaborative development project involving a software firm and a hardware firm, within which the two firms worked according to contrasting development methods. We found that the software firm was gradually compelled to forgo its Agile method, creating a role conflict in terms of its way of working. As such, our results contribute to the literature on Agile–Stage-Gate hybrids by demonstrating how, in collaborative embedded systems development, hybridization of development methods may cause projects to fail. Our main practical implication entails the introduction of the “sequential Agile approach.”

Tool for the integration of building performance information within the BIM process

Decision-making regarding building performance in all construction project phases is a complex task. This article addresses the challenge of managing building performance information throughout construction project phases. It proposes a tool that assists in verifying the building performance requirements for different stakeholders and supports the integration of this information within the BIM process. The developed tool allows the launch, monitoring, and creation of a database with information about the project, the work, and the stakeholders. A practical study was chosen to test this tool. Its result is particularly meaningful to all stakeholders, as it prioritizes the information and underlying activities for the collaborative project development among the participants. In summary, the information integration related to the requirements to guarantee the building performance, co-related to the construction project development phases, is essential for improving internal processes. It is worth mentioning that managing this information is not a simple process and requires contextual knowledge, leadership, and management and communication skills.

Teachers’ professional transformation in teacher-researcher collaborative didactic development projects in Sweden and Finland

ABSTRACT To what extent can teachers’ involvement in knowledge-producing activities be enhanced through collaboration with researchers? This article reports on two teacher-researcher collaborative didactic development projects in Sweden and Finland. By using the theory of practice architectures, the aim is to explore how teachers’ knowledge contribution and participation may be transformed through collaboration in two action research-based projects. Even though the practices of collaboration are different, one aiming for book production and the other for didactic development in the classroom, the findings regarding the teachers’ professional transformation seem to have similarities. The norms of how teachers initially understand themselves are transformed through the collaboration. The teachers start out by stating that they feel unsure of their own capacity, but through collaboration they start to see themselves as knowledge producers when they understand the value of their contribution of knowing-in-action. The teachers’ professional transformation is made possible through time given and the set-up of collaboration through dialogues. As the teachers develop agency in the collaborative process of producing knowledge with the researchers, the relationships of power and solidarity change. The findings contribute to the research field emphasising teachers’ important role in knowledge production and practice development processes.

Demand response in buildings: Unlocking energy flexibility through district-level electro-thermal simulation

European Union households account for 26% of the final energy consumption, yet their participation in demand response (DR) schemes is virtually non-existent. Relatively small amounts of flexibility primarily from appliances and the lack of DR-enabled energy management solutions in homes have been identified as the main barriers. As part of a Horizon 2020 funded collaborative research and development project, we developed a cloud-based framework for intelligent optimisation of electricity consumption and generation in buildings to upscale and enhance their demand response effectiveness at a district level. Through electro-thermal simulations that unlock building flexibility while considering low-voltage grid constraints, our approach aims to extend technical and economic potential of the whole solution for wider replication at a low computational cost. The framework simultaneously schedules the operation of controllable appliances such as dishwashers, washing machines and dryers in buildings to further reduce peak loads and energy costs of the district. The framework was tested in a real UK district comprising 66 dwellings, which demonstrated its effectiveness in minimising electricity peak loads and costs by prioritising local consumption of the electricity produced from photovoltaics and exploiting the asymmetry on the time-varying electricity tariff. The results show the ability to achieve an average 30% reduction in energy costs for the district while adhering to low-voltage grid constraints.

“Students CAN be the center of their own learning”: lessons learnt from a transnational collaborative academic development project

ABSTRACT This study attempts to explore changes in teaching conceptions after a transnational project to introduce new pedagogical methods in Indonesia. The project involved a consortium of European universities as mentors and Indonesian universities as mentees, piloting methods based on a student-centred learning approach. We analysed vignettes from the narratives written by project partners to explore the conceptual change after a significant length of development activities. Such change is influenced by sustaining, neutral, and hindering factors in learning outcome attainment, institutional support, and involvement of other stakeholders in the learning process. These findings may better support transnational collaborative academic development activities.

Interdisciplinary Water Development in the Peruvian Highlands: The Case for Including the Coproduction of Knowledge in Socio-Hydrology

Agrarian communities in the Peruvian Andes depend on local water resources that are threatened by both a changing climate and changes in the socio-politics of water allocation. A community’s local autonomy over water resources and its capacity to plan for a sustainable and secure water future depends, in part, on integrated local environmental knowledge (ILEK), which leverages and blends traditional and western scientific approaches to knowledge production. Over the course of a two-year collaborative water development project with the agrarian district of Zurite, we designed and implemented an applied model of socio-hydrology focused on the coproduction of knowledge among scientists, local knowledge-holders and students. Our approach leveraged knowledge across academic disciplines and cultures, trained students to be valued producers of knowledge, and, most importantly, integrated the needs and concerns of the community. The result is a community-based ILEK that informs sustainable land and water management and has the potential to increase local autonomy over water resources. Furthermore, the direct link between interdisciplinary water science and community benefits empowered students to pursue careers in water development. The long-term benefits of our approach support the inclusion of knowledge coproduction among scholars, students and, in particular, community members, in applied studies of socio-hydrology.

Inventor group identification approach for selecting university-industry collaboration partners

University-industry collaboration plays an important role in the successful and innovative growth of technology-based firms. For collaborations to be successful, firms should exert considerable effort in selecting the right partner. University partner selection and recommendation approaches have been proposed; however, few studies have focused on the identification of university inventor groups—sets of inventors that are actual candidates for collaborations. Thus, this study proposes a patent-based partner identification approach for identifying appropriate university inventor groups for university-industry collaboration. The proposed approach involves: 1) collecting patent and institution identification data; 2) grouping university inventors based on assignee and co-invention information; 3) screening candidate inventor groups with technical expertise related to the firm's needs; 4) identifying competitive partner groups by evaluating the technological competence, concentration, and size of the candidate inventor groups. Through a case study of an actual target firm, we show that the proposed approach can identify appropriate university partner inventor groups. In the case study, 49 candidate inventor groups are screened, and 12 of them are identified as competitive. This study provides an effective approach based on patent data for identifying inventor groups belonging to universities that are well-suited for collaborative research and development projects with technology-based firms.

Development of Measures for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A Collaborative Scale Development Project.

In this article, we describe the collaborative process that is underway to develop measures for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). The HiTOP model has generated much interest in the psychiatric literature in recent years, but research applications and clinical translation of the model require measures that are specifically keyed to the model. To that end, the Measures Development Workgroup of HiTOP has been engaged in a collaborative effort to develop both questionnaire and interview methods that (a) are specifically tied to the elements of the HiTOP structure, and (b) provide one means of testing that structure. The work has been divided among five subgroups that are focused on specific HiTOP spectra. Our scale development methods are rooted in the principles of construct valid scale development. This report describes Phase 1 of this project, summarizes the methods and results thus far, and discusses the interplay between measurement and HiTOP model revisions. Finally, we discuss future phases of the scale development and the steps we are taking to improve clinical utility of the final measures.

The effectiveness of GitHub cloud services for implementing a programming training project: students’ point of view

In today’s IT industry, it is important to develop the ability of IT students to collaboratively develop software, professional and personal skills. An effective method for developing such skills in future IT specialists is to organize different types of educational projects related to different programming technologies during the execution of mini projects, group and individual project assignments, term papers, academic training within the academic disciplines. The paper summarizes the results of a pedagogical study involving 29 expert students who study Computer Science and Software Engineering and used cloud service for GitHub collaborative IT development projects. The research findings testify, the most effective characteristics of this service, according to experts, identified the possibility of collaborative development of software (i1), the convenience of bug tracking (i3) and the convenience of the code editor (i7). It offers examples and results of using GitHub cloud service in the process of executing educational projects by future IT specialists.

How Collaborative Project Development Theory Can Be Used to Provide Guidance for International Curriculum Partnerships

In this paper we explore collaboration in the context of the educational services industry (ESI). We look to literature from the communication field to consider ethical strategies and methods for ensuring the validity of the outcomes of collaborative working. Drawing on Collaborative Product Development and conversation theory we devise four principles that can guide the collaborative process within an education-based partnership project. We then use a case study to consider how these principles supported the outcomes of a cross-national partnership project. Finally, we draw on these principles to consider the lessons for project management in education public private partnerships.

How can the European Commission help Europe’s defence industry? By making the most out of what it is already doing

ABSTRACT The European Commission's proposal for the €13 bn European Defence Fund (EDF) to incentivise collaborative defence research and capability development projects with EU funding was an ambitious statement of policy intent to drive forward European defence cooperation. However, the summer 2020 EU budget negotiations left it with only about 60% of that amount over the 2021-2027 period. This debate contribution argues that despite this curtailment in resource and ambition, the European Commission can still maximise the EDF's impact to benefit European defence industry by ensuring that the various defence industrial policy activities it is already leading are achieving their full potential, incentivising EU governments to acquire and use the capabilities developed through the Fund, and maintaining coherence amongst existing research projects, capability development projects, and joint capability requirements.

Collaborative research and development: a typology of linkages between researchers and practitioners

ABSTRACT Emerging discussions about research-practice collaboration in social work have sought to explore why collaboration and engagement are important. However, knowledge about how these collaborations unfold remains limited. The present study explored 17 collaborative research and development projects involving social work researchers and practitioners in the German speaking area (Germany, Austria and Switzerland). It aimed to capture the complexity of these collaborative projects by examining and describing the various forms that linkages between research and practice can take in social work. Data collection comprised document analysis and semi-structured interviews with researchers and practitioners involved in the projects considered. Data were analysed using open coding technique and the constant comparative method to identify emerging concepts and broader categories. This analysis enabled identification of five types of collaborative projects: Collaboration for i) scientific knowledge production; ii) the development of new procedures; iii) development of service organisations, professional practice and practitioners; iv) implementation of a specific practice; and v) support of political decision-making. Findings suggest that collaboration is influenced by the specific social welfare regime, cultural issues, as well as the configuration of, and dynamics between them in the projects.