Collaboration In Decision-making Research Articles

Views of children and young adults about Whole Genome Sequencing in newborn screening: a qualitative study

Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) in newborn screening is ethically complex. Parents will provide proxy consent for initial participation and 16-year-olds will be approached to consent to continued storage of their genome. We explored the views of 11–25-year-olds to understand the information needs of this age group and the views of the next generation of parents. This two-phase UK study involved: a secondary analysis of focus groups with young adults and a diary and focus group study with children with CF. Diaries were analysed using content analysis, focus group data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Diaries illustrated how children formed genomic knowledge and their questions. Participants broadly supported WGS-NBS based on a belief that all results improve health. Pre-study knowledge was sometimes correct, other-times it drew on vicarious ideas that could cause distress. Children showed an ability to appreciate the complexity of deciding which results should be returned. Focus groups: All participants counterbalanced the benefits and risks of WGS-NBS. Children demonstrated innate trust in doctors, whereas young adults wanted parent-doctor collaboration in decision-making. Young adults conditionally supported WGS-NBS depending on treatability, severity, onset and consent. Children wanted parents to be informed of a broader range of results, but valued informed choice too. More research is needed to understand healthy children’s views. Although small samples, this work provides insight into the understanding and concerns of young adults and children which could help when trying to discuss this topic with them.

Exploring Parent Experiences With Early Palliative Care Practices in the NICU.

The anxiety and uncertain outcome of an admission of a seriously ill infant to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) can cause great stress for parents and contribute to poor mental health outcomes. Early implementation of family-centered palliative care (PC) may provide support for NICU parents. Key concepts of early PC in the NICU include shared decision-making, care planning, and support for coping with distress. The purpose of this study was to explore parent experiences during their child's NICU admission with the early PC practices of shared decision-making, care planning, and coping with distress. Qualitative descriptive methodology was used. Strategies of reflexive journaling, peer debriefing, and data audits were used to enhance trustworthiness. Parents (N = 16) were interviewed, and data were analyzed by conventional content analysis. Targeted recruitment of fathers occurred to ensure they comprised 25% of sample. Parents' descriptions of decision-making were contextualized in gathering information to make a decision, the emotional impact of the decision, and influences on their decision-making. In experiences with care planning, parents described learning to advocate, having a spectator versus participant role, and experiencing care planning as communication. Key themes expressed regarding parental coping were exposure to trauma, survival mode, and a changing support network. These findings highlight key areas for practice improvement: providing more support and collaboration in decision-making, true engagement of parents in care planning, and encouraging peer support and interaction in the NICU and in online communities.

Abstract PL03-05: Early Engagement Equals Early Detection

Abstract PL03-05: Early Engagement Equals Early Detection

QUALIMETRIC METHODS IN ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MANAGEMENT DECISIONS IN UNIVERSI-TIES

Abstract
 Purpose: Management decision in the university is a process of convergent analysis, forecasting and timely resolution of problem situations, aimed at achieving synergetic results. The research studies the advantages and feasibility of using qualimetric methods for evaluating effectiveness of the university’s management decisions.
 Methodology: Our proposal is to use the method, based on qualimetric analysis, in assessing the effectiveness of management decisions in the university. The theoretical propositions and the argumentation of the research findings have been grounded with the following general scientific methods system-thinking approach, structural and level-based, logical and economic-based, as well as statistical analysis.
 Main Findings: The management decision effectiveness is based on the level of collaboration in decision-making. The degree of collaboration in decision-making is determined by the involvement of various stakeholders in the process. Index of timeliness of a management decision implementation is the ratio of standard time to the actual time spent. The decision is effective if the index value is equal to 1 or exceeds it. Decision efficiency is evaluated based on the quality of its implementation. The integrated indicator of decision-making effectiveness is a combination of values for all four parameters. 
 Implications/Applications: The practical significance of the research predetermined by the fact that application of this methodology contributes to optimizing the interaction of organizational structures on the management synergy basis, and, as a result, to improving the quality of educational services provided by the university. Using the method of qualimetric analysis raises the level of personnel involvement in the process of managerial decision-making, objectivity and decisions quality.

Faculty Senates and College Presidents: Perspectives on Collaborations

Colleges and universities have historically provided faculty members access to sharing authority, and this has been manifest in recent decades through the creation and use of a formal body called a faculty senate. These formal bodies have at times been highly effective at articulating faculty member interests, yet there are few formal definitions or boundaries concerning what areas senates are most appropriately engaged. College presidents similarly recognize that senates have a role in institutional decision-making, yet often lack a clear understanding of where and how they should be engaged. The current study explored faculty senate leader and college president perceptions of boundaries of senate collaboration in decision-making. Survey respondents identified a high level of agreement that faculty senates should be engaged in academic collaboration with the president, but there was less agreement concerning collaboration in areas of campus life and work-life.

Student Privacy and Ed Tech (K-12) Research Briefing

Foundational changes at the intersection of technology, society, law, and behavior are disrupting and energizing large institutions, impacting the educational technologies and student privacy landscape at lightning speed. Greater levels of connectivity and participation are raising questions about how best to navigate new types of learning environments, how best to engage in data-driven decision-making, and how best to ensure channels for positive collaboration in decision-making. This research briefing builds upon student privacy research and activities, and aims to translate these into practical take-aways. The briefing provides a map of the current digital learning ecosystem in the U.S. primary and secondary space, surveys at a high-level critical issues in the ed tech and student privacy space, and outlines key tools and opportunities for decision-makers.

An Application of the AKADAM Approach to Intelligence Analyst Work

This paper emphasizes the use of cognitive task analysis to gain significant insight into the unique domain of intelligence analysts, how intelligence analysts view this domain, and how this domain can be replicated in a controlled simulation environment in which innovative tools and procedures can be empirically tested. Details of two comprehensive knowledge elicitation sessions involving intelligence analysts are provided as an example of using the Advanced Knowledge Acquisition and Design (AKADAM) methodology to obtain contextually relevant information for use in developing a homeland defense-oriented simulation/experimental task. Several distinctive characteristics of intelligence analyst functionality were discovered, including the multi-source integration of relevant information, complex cognitive analysis, and team collaboration in decision-making. Additional themes such as social interaction and the limitations of current analysis tools were identified.