Cold Wax Research Articles

Optimized Depilation Method and Comparative Analysis of Hair Growth Cycle in Mouse Strains.

In mice, hair growth follows a mosaic or wavy patterning. Therefore, synchronization of the hair growth cycle is required to adequately evaluate any trichogenic interventions pre-clinically. Depilation is the established method for synchronizing the growth phase of mouse hair follicles. When attempting to reproduce procedures reported in the literature, C57BL/6J mice developed severe wounds. This led us not only to optimize the procedure, but also to test the procedure in other strains, namely Sv129 and the F1 generation from C57BL/6J crossed with Sv129 (B6129F1 mixed background), for which the hair growth cycle has not been ascertained yet. Here, we describe an optimized depilation procedure, using cold wax and an extra step to protect the animal skin that minimizes injury, improving experimental conditions and animal welfare in all strains. Moreover, our results show that, although hair cycle kinetics are similar in all the analyzed strains, Sv129 and B6129F1 skins are morphologically different from C57BL/6J skin, presenting an increased number and size of hair follicles in anagen, consistent to the higher hair density observed macroscopically. Altogether, the results disclose an optimized mouse depilation method that excludes the detrimental and confounding effects of skin injury in hair growth studies and reveals the hair cycle features of other mouse strains, supporting their use in hair growth pre-clinical studies.

A training on cold wax batik in Bakungan Village, Kutai Kartanegara Regency

Batik is the nation's cultural heritage which functions as a formal attire as well as a medium for delivering non-verbal messages to users. Indonesia is recognized by UNESCO as the owner of batik culture. Currently, there is an innovation about cold wax that can be used for batik, where the results are as good as hot wax batik and more environmentally friendly. This community service activity raised the theme of cold wax batik training for the Cakra Borneo community in Bakungan Village, Loa Janan District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan. This activity was organized with partners, namely Borneo Craft Indonesia, batik craftsmen who will help transfer knowledge about cold wax batik. Through this training, participants are able to improve their abilities in producing East Kalimantan batik works that will make city branding a candidate for the capital city of Indonesia.

The Effect of the Composition of Alginate Flour on the Making of Batik Simbut

Batik simbut is batik made using cold wax. A breakthrough in the batik making process, now batik can be done using cold wax. If in general, many batik craftsmen use wax heated by the stove, then this cold wax does not need to be heated by the stove. The batik wax is a material that is used to cover the surface of the cloth according to the batik motif so that the covered surface has a resist or rejects the color applied to the cloth. In making batik simbut as a barrier used cold wax, including from alginate flour. The objectives of this study were: to determine the composition of Alginate Flourneeded to make cold wax batik wax and to determine the effect of the composition of Alginate Flouron on the quality of cold wax batik results. The research method used includes the test of composition and test results of manufacture. The procedure for implementing the research stages is as follows: 1). Determination of the wax composition; 2). Making cold batik wax with Alginate Flouraccording to the composition; 3). Batik process and coloring trials; 4). Wax release / pelorodan process; 4). Test the results of the manufacture. The results of sample trials with the composition of 2 ounces of alginate flour, 1 g of palm sugar, 1 tablespoon of coconut oil, ½ spoon of salt, and 30 ml of water have the best quality level of batik smoothness compared to other samples. This sample also has the best quality of the sharpness of the motif compared to other samples.

PELATIHAN BATIK LILIN DINGIN DENGAN VISUAL CIRI KHAS BETAWI DI RUMAH SINGGAH BINA ANAK PERTIWI JAKARTA

Community service by Visual Communication Design (DKV) Paramadina University is aims to developing skills for the member of residents at the “Rumah Singgah” Bina Anak Pertiwi. It has around 166 children and 377 adults. They generally come from street who do not have a decent life. The training is taught batik through cold wax media on cloth, with visual characteristics of Betawi culture. DKV empowering member of residents through improving skills in batik. Besides abilities in digital technology, hand skills with creativity are believed still survive and become the backbone of the creative industry in the 4.0 era. The activity method is to provide training with practicing, apply cold waxed batik with the visuals of Betawi’s icons. This activity was attended by around fifteen member residents. Through this training, batik can be developed into various kinds of products such as scarves, tablecloths, souvenirs and other home decorations. Making batik with cold wax is relatively easy to apply, and the materials are easy to get. So it is hoped that the member residents can innovatively develop their own skills and creativity. They are expected to be more productive so that they can improve their economic level.

PELATIHAN BATIK LILIN DINGIN DENGAN VISUAL CIRI KHAS BETAWI DI RUMAH SINGGAH BINA ANAK PERTIWI JAKARTA

Community service by Visual Communication Design (DKV) Paramadina University is aims to developing skills for the member of residents at the “Rumah Singgah” Bina Anak Pertiwi. It has around 166 children and 377 adults. They generally come from street who do not have a decent life. The training is taught batik through cold wax media on cloth, with visual characteristics of Betawi culture. DKV empowering member of residents through improving skills in batik. Besides abilities in digital technology, hand skills with creativity are believed still survive and become the backbone of the creative industry in the 4.0 era. The activity method is to provide training with practicing, apply cold waxed batik with the visuals of Betawi’s icons. This activity was attended by around fifteen member residents. Through this training, batik can be developed into various kinds of products such as scarves, tablecloths, souvenirs and other home decorations. Making batik with cold wax is relatively easy to apply, and the materials are easy to get. So it is hoped that the member residents can innovatively develop their own skills and creativity. They are expected to be more productive so that they can improve their economic level.

Eco-friendly batik painting wax made from tamarind seed powder (Tamarindus indica L)

Various attempts were made to continue preserving batik as one of the nation’s identities of Indonesia. One of the attempts is to simplify the process of producing hand-drawn batik using natural cold wax made from tamarind seed powder (Tamarindus indica L). The polysaccharide content in tamarind seed powder has good coagulant properties so it can be used as a barrier in the process of coloring batik. The use of the natural ingredient makes cold wax environmentally friendly, not harmful to health, and safe to use by anyone, including children. This research is a qualitative research with an exploratory method, through literature studies and direct experiments on the use of gutta tamarind as a medium for batik painting. The purpose of this study is to further inform the role of tamarind paste or gutta as an environmentally friendly material that functions as wax in the process of batik making, and compare it with traditional hot batik wax.

The use of yellow velvetleaf (Limnocharis flava) as a natural color for colet technique using cold wax

Yellow velvetleaf is a fast-growing plant. It cannot be optimally used, particularly the old leaves. Old yellow velvetleaf waste has not been used appropriately, even though it has more benefits and value. The leaves of yellow velvetleaf contain natural color of carotenoids and flavonoids which can be used for natural dyes. The potential color produced can possibly be applied for textile coloring colet technique using cold wax. The research method was carried out through experiments and data analysis using descriptive analysis. The results show that yellow velvetleaf can be used for colet coloring technique using cold wax, and the resulted colors differs depending on the mordant used. Color aging test shows that during the process of nglorod (wax exfoliating) using water, the darkest color was found in tunjung mordant with a color different of 81-100, belongs to “very dark” category. The test of fastness to rubbing shows score of 4 (good) for all samples. The highest result for motif sharpness test is found in the process of nglorod with water and tunjung mordant with color different of 81-100, which is categorized as “very sharp”.

KREATIFITAS MAHASISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MEMBATIK MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA LILIN DINGIN

This study aims to: Describe the creativity of students in learning batik using cold wax media. This study uses a qualitative method. To collect data, researchers used interview techniques, direct field observation, documentation. The data analysis technique uses the Miles and Huberman methods, namely data editor, data presentation, verification. While the validity test of the data includes the test of internal validity (credibility), transferability testing, dependability testing and confirmation testing. The results of the study show that (1). Students' creativity in learning batik using cold wax media, the material is slightly different from the one given at the beginning of the discussion of the material needed, students make cold wax using starch because starch binds the cloth faster when applying to Mori cloth. (2). The making of motive patterns is very diverse, with a compact theme about the motives of the area of origin of each student, so as to make students aware of cultural heritage and can challenge local wisdom. (3) Using used bottles from cooking vinegar. (5) making a tutorial book where the book is material in the form of theory and practice into a book in which there are steps in making art that they have studied for one semester. From this assignment, the students showed their creativity again through the compilation of tutorials on how to use cold wax with great interest so that they could later use the book again when they went directly to the job to become elementary school teachers.

Pendampingan Komunitas Pembatik Melalui Pelatihan Alih Pengetahuan Membatik dengan Material Berbasis Kearifan Lokal

Indonesia is very rich in local wisdom, various types of plants can be processed into batik materials, one of which is tamarind tree which has not been widely known by many people. Tamarind seeds can be processed into a kind of cold wax, not hot wax. In the practice of traditional batik, this material is then used in community service activities with the aim of introducing how to make batik through batik workshop using cold wax easily and environmentally friendly. Participants in this workshop were foreign students and other people by using lectures method, batik demonstrations, and batik practices. To test the success of participants in batik knowledge and practice, the researcher used paired samples test. Based on the analysis, it can be said that there are differences in the knowledge of participants before and after community service activities. The aim of assistance was achieved because the transfer knowledge was successful, supported by the results of the trainer's questionnaire evaluation in terms of mastery of the material, clarity of material delivery, and appropriateness of time allocation.

Use of image analysis techniques for objective quantification of the efficacy of different hair removal methods

In the field of consumer-used cosmetics for hair removal and hair growth reduction, there is a need for improved quantitative methods to enable the evaluation of efficacy and claim support. Optimized study designs and investigated endpoints are lacking to compare the efficacy of standard methods, like shaving or plucking, with new methods and products, such as depilating instruments or hair-growth-reducing cosmetics. Non-invasive image analysis, using a high-performance microscope combined with an optimized image analysis tool, was investigated to assess hair growth. In one step, high-resolution macrophotographs of the legs of female volunteers after shaving and plucking with cold wax were compared to observe short-term hair regrowth. In a second step, images obtained after plucking with cold wax were taken over a long-term period to assess the time, after which depilated hairs reappeared on the skin surface. Using image analysis, parameters like hair length, hair width, and hair projection area were investigated. The projection area was found to be the parameter most independent of possible image artifacts such as irregularities in skin or low contrast due to hair color. Therefore, the hair projection area was the most appropriate parameter to determine the time of hair regrowth. This point of time is suitable to assess the efficacy of different hair removal methods or hair growth reduction treatments by comparing the endpoint after use of the hair removal method to be investigated to the endpoint after simple shaving. The closeness of hair removal and visible signs of skin irritation can be assessed as additional quantitative parameters from the same images. Discomfort and pain rating by the volunteers complete the set of parameters, which are required to benchmark a new hair removal method or hair-growth-reduction treatment. Image analysis combined with high-resolution imaging techniques is a powerful tool to objectively assess parameters like hair length, hair width, and projection area. To achieve reliable data and to reduce well known image-analysis artifacts, it was important to optimize the technical equipment for use on human skin and to improve image analysis by adaptation of the image-processing procedure to the different skin characteristics of individuals, like skin color, hair color, and skin structure.

Transcutaneous immunization in mice: Induction of T-helper and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and protection against human papillomavirus-induced tumors

Previous reports have shown that transcutaneous immunization (TCI) with proteins or peptides in combination with adjuvants efficiently induces specific cellular and humoral immune responses. However, depending on the kind of skin pretreatment, induction of cellular immune responses was restricted to generation of either specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) or T-helper (Th) cells. In this study, we induced antigen-specific CTL responses together with the appropriate Th responses by TCI of C57BL/6 mice. We applied ovalbumin protein or an ovalbumin-derived fusion peptide containing a CTL and Th epitope together with a combination of cholera toxin (CT) and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG) onto cold wax-depilated and hydrated bare skin. TCI with the ovalbumin fusion peptide induced more robust CTL and Th responses than that with ovalbumin protein. The fusion peptide in combination with the nontoxic CT derivative CTA1-D2D1 and CpG induced an antigen-specific CTL response, albeit less efficiently than in combination with complete CT. Further, we compared the potency of HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein-derived peptides containing single (CTL) or multiple (CTL + Th + B cell) epitopes to induce effective CTL responses. Strong E7-specific CTL responses were detected only after TCI with the E7 multiepitope peptide. This peptide was also shown to protect mice against tumor growth after challenge with HPV-16 E7-positive tumor cells. TCI with E7 protein and CT/CpG led to formation of an E7-specific humoral immune response.

Brecht in Context: Comparative Approaches by John Willett, and: Beyond Brecht ed. by John Fuegi, Gisela Bahr, and John Willett (review)

Brecht in Context: Comparative Approaches by John Willett, and: Beyond Brecht ed. by John Fuegi, Gisela Bahr, and John Willett (review)

On the structure of the egg shell in the mite Petrobia latens Müller (Acarina: Tetranychidae)

The eggs of the mite Petrobia latens have an external coating of hard wax. Differences in the amount of this material and in the oviposition behaviour of the female are responsible for the markedly dissimilar appearance of the non-diapause and diapause eggs. Mites laying non-diapause eggs rapidly raise the tip of the abdomen, drawing the meagre deposit of plastic wax precursor into a spine. Those laying diapause eggs secrete a more liberal quantity of wax and remain for some moments with the everted genital canal in contact with the egg. The resulting cap-like structure bears the impress of the canal. The complete wax envelope of the diapause egg consists of an impermeable cap and an underlying porous component surrounding the ovum. The air spaces in the latter communicate with the exterior only at a point in the middle of the cap. Since the wax is probably an effective waterproofing agent, this restricted opening to the ‘aeroscopic sponge’ no doubt functions as a device for limiting evaporation while at the same time freely permitting the uptake of oxygen. The eggs, which are often laid on stones, are exposed to a relatively dry microclimate. Some of the properties of the wax have been noted. It melts at ca. 165°C and dissolves in hot benzene but not in cold wax solvents. It is suggested that the wax molecules undergo polymerization after secretion.