Cold Unit Research Articles

Temperature and relative humidity in a commercial bread wheat field, recorded by an automated meteorological station and a digital sensor in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico

Meteorological parameters determine most agronomic events, with temperature being the climatological factor most closely related to the annual productivity of a crop. The objective of this work was to monitor the temperature and relative humidity at different growth stages of a commercial bread wheat field, during the crop season 2017-2018. The work was carried out with data obtained from December 12, 2017 (sowing date) to April 18, 2018, from a mobile OMEGA OM-EL-USB-2 sensor within the field, sown with the bread wheat cultivar Borlaug 100, located in Block 1020, in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico, and from the Block 910-CIANO meteorological station, located 8 km away, which is the closest to the field. Calculations were made for the average temperature, relative humidity and cold units (CU). In addition, the data was filtered by day and night time, considering daytime data from 7:00 to 18:00 and nighttime data from 19:00 to 06:00. The CU recorded by the sensor was higher with 384 than the meteorological station, which accumulated a total of 321. The temperature during the day was on average 2.9 °C higher than that recorded by the meteorological station, and 1.6 °C lower at night. The relative humidity recorded by the sensor was 5 % higher than that recorded by the meteorological station.

Performance of bread wheat advanced lines under late sowing and hydric stress during the crop season 2020-2021

Thirty four advanced bread wheat lines and cultivar Borlaug 100 were sown on January 15 and 30, 2021, at the Norman E. Borlaug Experimental Station, in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, México. Plots consisted of 1 bed 2 m long with two rows and 0.80 m apart with two replications, and a seed density of 100 kg ha-1 with two complementary irrigations. Average daily temperature (°C), maximum, minimum, relative humidity, rainfall, heat and cold units were recorded from January 1 to May 15, 2021. The average days for heading of the group was 69 for the first sowing date and 66 for the second one, while days for physiological maturity were 99 and 90, respectively. The average plant height of the group for the first date was 97.5 cm and 94 for the second one; the sister line SOKOLL/5/W15.92/4/PASTOR//HXL7573/2*BAU/3/ WBLL1/6/SOKOLL/3/PASTOR//HXL7573/2*BAU (PTSS12SHB00020T-0TOPB-099Y-099B-25Y-020Y-0B) consistently reached the maximum height with 107.5 and 110 cm in each date, respectively. The average grain yield per plot was 294 g; line BAJ #1*2/4/BETTY/3/CHEN/AE.SQ//2*OPATA showed the highest yield with 345.4 g which was above 4.3 t ha-1, followed by SOKOLL/3/PASTOR//HXL7573/2*BAU/4/ASTREB/5/PIHA//WORRAKATTA/2*PASTOR /3/PRL/2*PASTOR, also above 4.3 t ha-1. The average hourly temperature was 18.4 °C with a maximum of 40.8 °C and a minimum of 3.9 °C, and the number of heat and cold units was 203 and 393, respectively.

Analysis of conduction mode in cold energy storage using a tank filled with nanomaterial

The intensification of freezing rates through the incorporation of nano-sized powders and fins through a cold storage unit was examined. The Galerkin method with special meshing was utilized to solve equations, which were based on the supposition of conduction mode dominance. Additives of varying diameters (dp) and three different concentration levels (ϕ) were implemented. The findings are presented through ice front visualization, contour plots, and scalar curves. The computational code demonstrated high accuracy during the validation phase. The results reveal that as the dp increases, the solidification time initially drops by approximately 20 %, then subsequently increases by about 49.45 %. The optimal solidification time of 2951.17 s was achieved with medium-sized powders. Furthermore, an intensification in (ϕ) leads to a significant decrement in freezing time by about 41.43 %, with the most pronounced effect observed for nano-powders with dp = 40 nm.

Thermo-enviro-economic analyses of a landfill biogas-fed polygeneration process combined with a liquefied natural gas cold energy utilization unit

Landfill biogas offers a promising opportunity to supply society’s energy requirements, following the waste-to-energy approach, which issuitable for sustainable production. However, structural modification for its utilization is the main gap, requiring additional research efforts. Considering this issue, the current study aims to design an eco-friendly polygeneration method for landfill biogas utilization for a cutting-edge heat recovery system that integrates a cold energy recovery and utilization unit for liquefied natural gas. The liquefied natural gas recovery section, the organic Rankine cycle with a zeotropic mixture, and the Kalina cycle are all started using the flue gas from the combustion of biogas in a cascade process. In addition, the waste heat of the Kalina cycle is recovered by a single-effect desalination cycle and liquefied natural gas recovery section. Also, a water electrolysis process is integrated into the whole system. As a result, the products include hydrogen, electricity, natural gas, hot and cold water, and freshwater. The Aspen HYSYS software is utilized to design the system and investigate its thermodynamic, environmental, and economic aspects. The results demonstrate an energy efficiency of 57.54 % and an exergy efficiency of 18.78 %. Also, the carbon dioxide footprint associated with the system equals 0.34 kg/kWh, and the specific cost of products is 73.96 $/GJ. An optimal exergy efficiency of 25.8 % and a specific cost of products of 69.7 $/GJ are obtained by means of an intelligent optimization approach that ultimately makes use of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II and artificial neural networks.

Optimal utilization of frequency ancillary services in modern power systems

The widespread global adoption of wind energy sources has established a significant presence in the existing power grid. However, the massive integration of intermittent wind energy poses forecasting errors, prompting the need for supplementary reserves from conventional energy sources with increased operational expenses and carbon emissions. Hence, to facilitate the seamless operation of large-scale wind-integrated power grids, it is imperative to harness the potential of renewable energy sources and leverage flexible loads to deliver power-balancing services. In this research, dynamic real-time power dispatch strategies have been developed for the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) system to integrate the reserve capacities of conventional generation units and wind power plants and utilize the demand response capabilities of flexible loads for power balancing services. A comprehensive power system grid model was developed in DigSilent PowerFactory software, consisting of coal-based energy systems, wind energy systems, gas turbines, and cold storage units as flexible loads. The study is divided into different case studies to assess the impact of each scenario on system operation in mitigating the forecasting errors of wind power plants. Further, a comparative analysis was performed to illustrate the effectiveness of each case study. The analysis showed that Case Study III, where reserves are provided by coal energy systems and cold storage units, yielded the highest reduction in Positive Regulation (PR) and Negative Regulation (NR) errors, at 89.0% and 94.15%, respectively. Conversely, Case Study IV demonstrated the least reduction in errors, with 67.82% in PR and 78.41% in NR. However, it indicates that reserves can be supplied from wind energy systems and flexible loads without the support of conventional power plants.

Using harvest maturity and accumulated cold units predicts postharvest chilling requirement for ripening capacity and buttery-juicy melting texture duration in European pears

Using harvest maturity and accumulated cold units predicts postharvest chilling requirement for ripening capacity and buttery-juicy melting texture duration in European pears

Performance of bread wheat advanced lines under late sowing and reduced irrigation

Twenty eight advanced wheat lines and cultivar Borlaug 100 were sown on January 15 and 30, 2020, at the Norman E. Borlaug Experimental Station, in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, México. Plots consisted of 1 bed 2 m long with two rows and 0.80 m apart with two replications, a seed density of 100 kg ha-1 with two complementary irrigations. Average daily temperature (°C), maximum, minimum, relative humidity, rainfall, heat and cold units were recorded from January 1 to May 15, 2020. The average days for heading of the group was 67 for the first sowing date and 64 for the second, while days for physiological maturity were 103 and 95, respectively. The average plant height of the group for the first and second sowing dates was 83 cm; line SOKOLL/3/PASTOR//HXL7573/2*BAU/4/PARUS/ PASTOR/5/PIHA// WORRAKATTA/2*PASTOR/3/PRL/2*PASTOR consistently reached the maximum height with 92.5 and 95 cm in the first and second dates, respectively. The average a thousand grain weight of the group was 53.8 g for the first sowing date and 43.8 for the second; sister line SOKOLL/3/PASTOR//HXL7573/2*BAU/4/ SOKOLL/WBLL1/5/PIHA// WORRAKATTA/2*PASTOR/3/PRL/2*PASTOR (PTSS14Y00057S-0B-099Y-099B-43Y-020Y) showed the highest average weight with 57.07 g. The average grain yield per plot was 340 g; sister line WBLL4//OAX93.24.35/WBLL1 /5/CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA(205)//BORL95/3/PRL/SARA//TSI/VEE#5/4/FRET2/6/D67.2/PARANA66.270//AE.SQUARROSA(320)/3/CUNNINGHAM/4/VORB (PTSS15Y00024S-099B-099Y-099M-10Y-020Y) showed the highest yield with 420 g which was above 5 t ha-1. The average temperature was 19.09 °C with a maximum of 36.3 °C and a minimum of 1.04 °C, and the number of heat and cold units was 229 and 227, respectively.

Development and assessment of a floating photovoltaic-based hydrogen production system integrated with storage options

The integrated system approach utilized in the current study represents an innovative approach to harnessing solar energy through a floating photovoltaic-based integrated plant featuring a diverse array of energy storage options. As part of this research, a solar energy system integrating both floating and concentrating solar technologies was designed at the specified site. Despite the constraints presented by the cold temperature at the chosen location, particularly during the winter months when solar irradiation is restricted, strategies are employed, such as exploiting the high albedo effect caused by the freezing of the water body, optimizing the application of solar radiation, and assuring the system's resilience and energy efficiency. Floating photovoltaic and concentrated solar panels are integral components of this advanced system, which is supplemented by underground hot and cold storage units, underground hydro-pumped storage, a multi-effect desalination system with freshwater storage, a lithium bromide absorption cooling system, and an alkaline electrolysis system for hydrogen and oxygen storage. This comprehensive energy strategy includes diverse storage and production technologies. The thermodynamic analyses and assessments employing the Engineering Equation Solver and the System Advisor Model provide some quantitative performance evaluations. The study considers time-dependent operational characteristics, illustrates the water withdrawal rates, energy and exergy efficiencies of the heating space temperature, inverter efficiency, GHI irradiance, mass, and volume values of the heat transfer fluid in both hot and cold tanks within thermal energy storage, annual cooling generation over a year, power production, hydropower storage, and hydrogen storage over a year. The system's concentrated solar panels are projected to generate an annual AC output of 180.79 GWh, with a yearly water usage of 14,055 m3, while floating panels are predicted to provide 7000 kWh with a 0.85 performance ratio. The overall energy efficiency of the current system is determined to be 51.76 %, and the exergy efficiency is found to be 55.41 %, respectively. Optimizing energy efficiency, utilizing diverse storage solutions, and utilizing aquatic environments minimizes environmental impact, and time-dependent analysis enhances perceptions of performance throughout different times and circumstances.

2 K J-T cooler for quantum detection: emphasis on the Stirling-type pulse tube pre-cooler

Quantum detection of single photon achieves its highest sensitivity for temperature below 2 K. The cooling requirements for such application are very low, a few milliwatts for current harness heat intercept and radiation shielding. For that purpose, we are developing a compact cryocooler based on a 4He JT cooler. A high frequency pulse tube will provide the pre-cooling of two intermediate stages on the JT. The pulse tube is the key component for miniaturization and energy consumption. With low cooling power goals, a miniaturization work has been done on the pulse tube with the aim of reducing the size and power of compressor units. The pulse tube configuration is using two cold fingers, connected together by a heat intercept providing precooling for the lowest temperature stage. Cooling power at the cold tip as well as intercept heat flow have been measured. Numerical simulations have been conducted in parallel to study the impact of the size of the pulsation tube and of the regenerator on the pulse tube performances. Three cold units pulse tubes have been tested in similar conditions. Net cooling power, power at the intercept and impact of the tube and regenerator size on performances will be discussed.

Influence of nanoparticle loading on rate of cold storage considering transient conduction

In this numerical investigation utilizing the Galerkin approach, the behavior of a cold storage unit during solidification is analyzed to enhance cold storage efficiency. Passive techniques, such as the application of nanoparticles as additives and the integration of H-shaped fins, are employed. The model is developed based on simplified equations, assuming the neglect of buoyancy force impact, and subsequently solved using the Galerkin approach. Key variables include concentration (ϕ) and shape factor (m). The augmentation of the shape factor “m” significantly increases the rate of cold storage due to enhanced conductivity, resulting in a notable reduction in the solidification process time by about 21.6 % and 8.9 % with the respective increases of ϕ and “m”. This research underscores the practical significance of improving cold storage unit efficiency through the incorporation of passive techniques.

Performance of bread wheat advanced lines under late sowing

Thirty two advanced wheat lines which included four groups of sister lines and the commercial bread wheat cultivar Borlaug 100 were sown on January 16 and 30, 2019, at the Norman E. Borlaug Experimental Station, in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico. Plots consisted of 1 bed 2 m long with two rows and 0.80 m apart without replications, and a seed density of 100 kg ha-1. Average daily temperature (°C), maximum, minimum, relative humidity, rainfall, heat and cold units were recorded from January 1 to May 15, 2019. The variables evaluated were: days to heading, plant height (cm), and grain weight in 20 spikes (g). The average days for heading of lines was 76 for the first sowing date and 73 for the second. The average plant height of the group for the first sowing date was 95 cm and 88 for the second; line W15.92/4/PASTOR//HXL7573/2*BAU/3/WBLL1/5/OAX92.2.5/6/BABAX/LR42//BABAX/3/ ER2000 was the tallest in the first date with 120 cm and with 115 in the second date. The average grain weight of the group in 20 spikes in the first sowing date was 55 g and 40.9 in the second; the line MEX94.15.34/4/PASTOR//HXL7573/2*BAU/3/WBLL1/5/ BABAX/LR42//BABAX/3/ER2000 showed the highest weight in the first and second dates with 71.1 g and 49.5, respectively. In the first date, the line W15.92/4/PASTOR//HXL7573/2*BAU/3/WBLL1/5/IWA8612414/6/BABAX/ LR42//BABAX/3/ER2000 showed the lowest grain weight in 20 spikes with 41.0 g, while in the second date, the sister line PBL94.14.30/4/PASTOR//HXL7573/2*BAU/3/WBLL1/5/BABAX/LR42//BABAX/3/ER2000 (PTSS12SHB 00003T-0TOPB-099Y-099B-7Y-020Y-0B) showed 25.6 g. The average temperature was 18.26 °C with a maximum of 35.2 °C and a minimum of 3.6 °C; the average relative humidity was 67.0 %; there were 13.1 mm of precipitation, and the number of heat and cold units was 146 and 293, respectively.

Experimental and numerical investigation on the charging and discharging process of a cold energy storage for space cooling of buildings

To address the current issue of the difficulty to use the hot outdoor environment during summer nights to provide coolness for phase change materials (PCM) and thus reduce building energy consumption in hot summer areas, a novel cold energy storage unit has been proposed. It replaces the hot outdoor environment with other free or cheap cold sources. An experimental setup is built to investigate the cold storage and release performance of the PCM storage unit. Later, the well-validated numerical model is conducted to further explore thermal performance of the PCM storage unit. The numerical result indicates that the cold storage process can be completed from 64.33 min to 96.56 min when the water inlet temperature varies from 10 °C to 16 °C. Further, during the cold release process, the PCM storage unit can reduce the temperature of the hot air by a maximum of about 8–12 °C when the air inlet temperature ranges from 32 °C to 38 °C. The cold release efficiency is varied between 81.65 % and 96.44 %. In conclusion, the findings provide a promising way for cold storage and space cooling of buildings in hot summer areas through the cold energy storage unit.

Design and multi-objective optimization of combined air separation and ORC system for harnessing LNG cold energy considering variable regasification rates

Regasification of liquefied natural gas (LNG) releases significant cooling potential, but improper usage can easily lead to wastage of resources and environmental pollution. The study developed an integrated air separation system and Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power generation system to effectively harness the inherent cold energy within LNG. Two distinct optimization algorithms, the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) and the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), were employed to determine the optimal operational parameters. The results showed the superior performance of PSO over NSGA-II, as demonstrated by the exergy efficiency, net output power, and levelized cost of energy at 78.12 %, 2.29*1011 kW, and 0.0665 $/kWh, respectively. Additionally, an assessment of various factors influencing the system's performance was conducted. The performance of both conventional and proposed systems was studied under varying regasification rates. The findings indicated that incorporating the cold recovery and storage unit enhanced the efficient utilization of LNG cold energy, resulting in an increased valley-to-peak ratio of the total power output from 0.03 in the conventional system to 0.5. The proposed system exhibits alignment with the energy consumption demands of users, and this study is anticipated to furnish a theoretical foundation for harnessing the cooling capacity of liquid hydrogen.

Exploring the synergistic effects of warm and cold standby units in availability modelling and assessment of complex series-parallel systems

Exploring the synergistic effects of warm and cold standby units in availability modelling and assessment of complex series-parallel systems

Potential role of post-harvest management in agribusiness

Agriculture plays a key role in deciding the economy of the country and agricultural marketing has become the potential driver of the agricultural sector. Green revolution and succeeding technologies made our farmers to succeed in the production front, but lagging appreciably in terms of price realization owing to their inability to stop post-harvest losses and inaccessibility to efficient and scientific marketing system. Post-harvest management includes storage, packaging, coating, disease management, extended shelf life, maintaining food quality. Foods and other products can be preserved by storage at low temperature, which retards the activities of microorganisms and preserve perishable foods in their natural state. Preservation depends on the storage time required whether short or long-term short and the type of product. A cold storage unit works on two principles: Vapour absorption system (VAS), and Vapour compression system (VCS). Although VAS is a bit costlier, but economical in operation. Food irradiation is another recent food preservation technology to address some of post-harvest losses. Food is exposed to ionizing radiation (i.e. radiowaves, microwaves, UV rays, X-rays, gamma rays etc.). Food irradiation can be applied to specific purposes as quarantine treatment of fruits and vegetables and as a method to ensure hygienic quality of foods. Food processing techniques like grading, sorting and packaging, etc add value and enhances shelf life of food. Agricultural productivity augmentation needs a concurrent development of post-harvest support mechanism and efficient and organized marketing system, which would ensure maximum price rrealization to the farmers.

Cold units and their relationship with wheat grain yield in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico

Global warming has the potential to cause the reduction of the cold period available during the winter, which may affect the production of wheat and deciduous fruit trees. Wheat requires accumulated cold units (CU) to switch from a vegetative period to a productive one, making the phenological cycle slower and promoting greater productive yield. The objective was to analyze the accumulation of CU and wheat yield during the last five fall-winter agricultural seasons (2018-2019 to 2022-2023) in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico. Data of air temperature were obtained from 21 meteorological stations from the network of automatic meteorological stations of the state of Sonora, located in the Yaqui Valley. The number of CU (≤ 10 °C) was calculated for the wheat season (November 15 to April 30) from the years 2018 to 2023, and the grain yield was obtained from the reports by the Agri-Food and Fisheries Information Service. Descriptive statistics of central tendency, dispersion and the Shapiro-Wilk test were performed to determine the normality of the data; also, correlation analysis and the simple linear regression model by least squares were performed. The 2022-23 crop season showed the highest average grain yield (7.79 t ha-1) and the highest average number of CU (882) among the five seasons analyzed. Wheat seasons 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 had an average number of CU lower than 500. The Pearson correlation analysis showed a highly positive correspondence between CU and grain yield. The linear regression model showed that starting from a base of 434 CU, wheat production per hectare would be 5.90 t, and it will increase 214.3 kg for every additional 100 CU.

Study of hydrodynamics in FBG using cold model unit: Modelling by MATLAB

The variation of different process parameters like bed height in static condition, diameter of the particles and density of the particles on the hydrodynamic behavior of a fluidized bed gasifier (FBG) in the cold model unit have been studied by using a Perspex material column of inside diameter 0.30 m and 0.15 m for the free board section and dense bed section respectively. A column of 1.95 m height was selected for the proposed experimental work. Experiments were conducted and attempts had also been made for the development of the correlations of Equivalence Ratio and Euler’s number by changing the different process parameters of the process on the basis of DA (dimensionless analysis). The mentioned numbers of the calculated values by DA as well as by MATLAB coding were compared with the experimental values. The percentage deviation such as standard deviation and mean deviation values for Equivalence ratio and Euler’s number were calculated to be 1.89, −0.049 and 2.64, 10.8 respectively which were within the permissible limits and showed a very good approximation. A chi-square test (ξ2) for the said parameters (Equivalence Ratio and Euler’s number) gave 0.0002 and 18685.04 respectively which indicates a satisfactory correlation fit of the process. Hence the developed correlation from this study can be applied for industrial unit as well as for the pilot plant unit over a wide range of parameter with a suitable factor for scale-up.

Exergoeconomic Analysis of a Mechanical Compression Refrigeration Unit Run by an ORC.

To improve the efficiency of a diesel internal combustion engine (ICE), the waste heat carried out by the combustion gases can be recovered with an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) that further drives a vapor compression refrigeration cycle (VCRC). This work offers an exergoeconomic optimization methodology of the VCRC-ORC group. The exergetic analysis highlights the changes that can be made to the system structure to reduce the exergy destruction associated with internal irreversibilities. Thus, the preheating of the ORC fluid with the help of an internal heat exchanger leads to a decrease in the share of exergy destruction in the ORC boiler by 4.19% and, finally, to an increase in the global exergetic yield by 2.03% and, implicitly, in the COP of the ORC-VCRC installation. Exergoeconomic correlations are built for each individual piece of equipment. The mathematical model for calculating the monetary costs for each flow of substance and energy in the system is presented. Following the evolution of the exergoeconomic performance parameters, the optimization strategy is developed to reduce the exergy consumption in the system by choosing larger or higher-performance equipment. When reducing the temperature differences in the system heat exchangers (ORC boiler, condenser, and VCRC evaporator), the unitary cost of the refrigeration drops by 44%. The increase in the isentropic efficiency of the ORC expander and VCRC compressor further reduces the unitary cost of refrigeration by another 15%. Following the optimization procedure, the cost of the cooling unit drops by half. The cost of diesel fuel has a major influence on the unit cost of cooling. A doubling of the cost of diesel fuel leads to an 80% increase in the cost of the cold unit. The original merit of the work is to present a detailed and comprehensive model of optimization based on exergoeconomic principles that can serve as an example for any thermal system optimization.

Grain yield of wheat advanced lines adapted to stress, during the crop season 2017-2018

Twenty five advanced wheat lines which included six groups of sister lines and the commercial durum wheat cultivar Movas C2009 as well as bread wheat cultivar Borlaug 100 were sown on January 16 and 30, 2018, at the Norman E. Borlaug Experimental Station, in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico. Plots consisted of 1 bed 2 m long with two rows and 0.80 m apart without replications, and a seed density of 100 kg ha-1. Average daily temperature (°C), maximum, minimum, relative humidity, rainfall, and cold units were recorded from January 16 to May 15, 2018. The variables evaluated were: days to heading, a thousand grain weight (g), and grain yield per plot (g). The average days for heading of lines was 69 days. The average plant height of the group was 84 cm; lines IWA8612949/3/2*ATILLA*2/PBW65//MURGA and BAV92/SERI showed a height of 100 and 95 cm, respectively. The average a thousand grain weight of the group was 41.3 g; line SOKOLL/3/PASTOR//HXL7573 /2*BAU/4/SOKOLL/WBLL1 showed the highest weight with 46.3 g, followed by IWA8612949/3/2*ATILLA*2 /PBW65//MURGA and CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA(256)/4/PASTOR//HXL7573/2*BAU/3/WBLL1/5/BABAX/ LR42//BABAX/3/ER2000 with 46.2 and 45.3 g, respectively; while the line FRANCOLIN#1 showed the lowest TGW with 36.2 g. The average grain yield per plot was 339.5 g. Outstanding lines were W15.92/4/PASTOR// HXL7573/2*BAU/3/WBLL1 (442 g), SOKOLL (426 g), and FRANCOLIN#1 (422 g) which were above 5.27 t ha-1. The average temperature was 19.26°C with a maximum of 38.7°C and a minimum of 2.1°C; the average relative humidity was 64.0%; there were 9.1 mm of precipitation, and the number of cold units was 254.

Prevailing temperatures and cold units in the Yaqui and Mayo Valleys, Mexico, during the 2021-2022 fall-winter crop season

Agriculture is an activity dependent on climate and therefore highly sensitive to climatic changes and to the variability of weather factors, considering the temperature as the climatic element most related to annual crop productivity. The objective of this work was to analyze the temperature that prevailed in the Yaqui and Mayo Valleys during the crop season fall-winter 2021-2022. Data were obtained from the automated weather station network in the state of Sonora, which comprises nineteen stations in the Yaqui Valley and thirteen in the Mayo Valley. Data were captured in Excel with the hourly and daily recording from all the weather stations, covering from November 15, 2021 to April 30, 2022. The average of the minimum and maximum temperatures were calculated as well as the accumulation of cold units from each weather station. The temperature in the Yaqui and Mayo Valleys was rather similar oscillating between 2.14°C and 35.54°C with an average of 17.48°C. Cold units recorded in the Yaqui Valley were 572, while in the Mayo Valley there were 679. Most of the weather stations in the Mayo Valley recorded more than 600 cold units with the exception of Juliantabampo and Pueblo Mayo which recorded 454 and 465, respectively. In the Yaqui Valley, eleven weather stations recorded more than 600 cold units, seven recorded between 400 and 500, and only one recorded 314 cold units.