Cold Lateral Compaction Research Articles

A multi-national survey-based evaluation of undergraduate/predoctoral endodontic education.

To evaluate the current status of endodontic education and assessment at an undergraduate/predoctoral level in dental schools worldwide. The current survey comprised a 50-item online questionnaire related to undergraduate endodontic education. The project leaders emailed the survey's details to faculty members responsible for endodontic teaching at one dental school in every country to seek their willingness to participate in the survey. After the faculty members accepted, the survey details were sent to participants along with the survey link. Simple descriptive statistics were used to represent the data. Amongst the 44 faculty members from different countries who agreed to participate, 36 completed the survey. Endodontic training starts in 50% of dental schools from the third year of the curriculum. Each dental school employs a diverse range of educational methods. During pre-clinical training, 19.4% of the participating dental schools used only natural teeth. Stainless-steel hand instruments, syringe irrigation with a needle, resin-based sealer and the cold lateral compaction technique are the most frequently used in pre-clinical and clinical training. A significant percentage of dental institutions necessitate that students treat a predetermined quantity of canals or teeth throughout their pre-clinical and clinical education. Dental institutions conduct formative, summative or a combination of the formative and summative throughout the clinical and pre-clinical phases of endodontic training. According to the data collected from this survey, there are considerable variations in the curriculum for undergraduate/predoctoral endodontic programmes amongst the surveyed dental schools. Pre-clinical and clinical education should integrate a larger array of modern tools and procedures.

Ex-vivo evaluation of clinically-set hydraulic sealers used with different canal dryness protocols and obturation techniques: a randomized clinical trial

ObjectivesThis 2-part randomized parallel triple-blind clinical trial adopts a unique model assessing clinically-set hydraulic calcium silicate-based sealers (HCSBS) after different root canal dryness protocols and obturation techniques.MethodsFor the first phase of the study, 24 teeth scheduled for orthodontic extractions were allocated into four groups according to the canal dryness protocol and the obturation technique. G1 (CLC-AHP): cold lateral compaction (CLC) with AH Plus sealer, G2 (CLC-ES-SD): CLC with Endosequence (ES) after standard canal(s) dryness (SD); G3 (SC-ES-SD): matching single-cone (SC) with ES after SD; G4 (SC-ES-PD): as G3 but after partial canal(s) dryness (PD). Teeth were extracted after one month of clinical service and examined for intracanal voids by micro-CT (2D & 3D). For the 2nd phase, another 24 teeth were allocated into four groups according to the root canal dryness protocol and the HCSBS used (ES or CeraSeal (CeS)). Teeth were extracted after one month and sectioned vertically for energy dispersive X-ray (EDX)/scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination. One-way ANOVA with Games-Howell post-hoc test and Chi-square test with multiple z-tests were used for statistical analysis.ResultsSC-PD showed the highest percentage of voids (p < 0.05). MicroCT scans as well as EDX/SEM examination showed that PD resulted in significantly larger interfacial gaps (p < 0.001) with more hydration products at the sealer/dentin interface than SD.ConclusionsBoth tested dryness protocols allowed the hydration of HCSBS and the formation of hydration products, thus standard dryness is recommended to reduce the incidence of intracanal voids.Clinical relevanceWhen using the single-cone obturation technique, intentional root canal moisture negatively affects the performance of HCSBS.Protocol Registrationhttp://www.clinicaltrials.gov, ID: NCT05808062.

Comparative evaluation of the effect of three different obturation techniques on push-out bond strength of AH Plus Bioceramic and EndoCeramic sealers: An in vitro study

Abstract Context: Effect of three different obturation techniques on bond strength of bioceramic sealers. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of cold lateral compaction, thermafil, and thermoplasticized obturation techniques on the push-out bond strength of AH Plus Bioceramic and EndoCeramic sealers. Settings and Design: The design of the study was an in vitro study. Materials and Methods: Forty-two extracted teeth that were single-rooted and had fully developed apices were chosen, decoronated, and biomechanically prepared using rotary nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments. Samples were divided into two groups of n = 21. Group 1: AH Plus Bioceramic sealer, Group 2: EndoCeramic sealer. Then, based on the obturation technique employed, each group was divided into three subgroups (n = 7): subgroups 1a, 2a: Cold lateral compaction; Subgroups 1b, 2b: Thermafil; and Subgroups 1c, 2c: Thermoplasticized (obtura). Using universal testing machine, slices from the middle third of the sample’s root were analyzed to determine the push-out bond strength values. Results: Compared to other groups push-out bond strength was noticeably higher for the cold lateral compaction technique with EndoCeramic sealer (Subgroup 2a), followed by the Thermafil technique with EndoCeramic sealer (Subgroup 2b). Conclusions: In the present study, compared to heat-based obturation techniques, cold lateral compaction showed better push-out bond strength values for both sealers. EndoCeramic sealer resulted in greater push-out bond strength values than AH Plus Bioceramic sealer.

Evaluation of apically extruded debris during root canal filling material removal in teeth with external apical root resorption: a comparison of different obturation techniques

BackgroundRoot canal retreatment is necessary when initial treatment fails. Nickel-titanium systems help remove filling materials; however, some methods can cause canal content extrusion, resulting in inflammation and delayed healing. This study aimed to examine the impact of different preparation techniques and endodontic file systems on apical debris volume to limit material dispersion to periradicular tissues.MethodsNinety extracted maxillary incisors were evaluated. Simulated apical root resorption was created by removing the apical 2 mm of the root. The teeth were divided into two groups: one filled with a single cone and the other with cold lateral compaction (CLC). Each group was further divided into three subgroups (n = 15 each): Subgroup 1 used Reciproc R25 for removal and R50 for final preparation; Subgroup 2 used ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PTUR) files D1, D2, and D3 for removal and ProTaper Next X5 for finalization; and Subgroup 3 used VDW.Rotate Retreatment (VDW.RotateR) for removal and VDW.Rotate 50.04 for completion. Debris from retreatment was collected in pre-weighed tubes to determine the amount. The apical extrusion data underwent a two-way analysis of variance.ResultsThe Reciproc group had a mean extruded debris weight of 0.54 ± 0.24 mg, higher than the PTUR (0.28 ± 0.15 mg) and VDW.RotateR (0.39 ± 0.29 mg) groups (p < 0.05). The single-cone technique (SCT) resulted in a mean debris weight of 0.34 ± 0.23 mg, lower than the CLC technique, which had a mean of 0.46 ± 0.27 mg (p < 0.05). SCT had a shorter retreatment duration (111.12 ± 33.46 s) compared to CLC (176.26 ± 52.26 s) (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe Reciproc file system and the CLC obturation technique resulted in greater apical debris extrusion than the other methods. SCT was quicker than CLC. The Reciproc groups are more susceptible to apex extrusion during retreatment.

Comparison of five different obturation approaches for resistance against fracture in root canal treated teeth.

Endodontist should know about the fracture resistance of endodontic treated teeth in different obturation techniques to make a proper choice for obturation of mechano-chemically prepared root canals. Therefore, it is of interest to compare the fracture resistance of endodontically obturated teeth in five different obturation techniques namely single cone obturation (SCO), cold lateral compaction (CLC), cold free flow condensation, warm vertical compaction, injection molded thermo-plasticized technique. Among experimental categories, maximum fracture resistance was observed in cold free flow condensation technique while minimum fracture resistance was observed in injection molded thermo-plasticized technique. Cold free flow condensation technique using Gutta Flow2 has the potential to be used as obturation technique with minimum fracture resistance. Conventional techniques like CLC and SOC also offered good fracture resistance.

Root Canal Treatment and Demand for Continuing Education among Thai Dental Practitioners

Background In recent times, there have been significant advancements in the techniques and materials used for root canal treatment. Nevertheless, there is a lack of study on the current methods used for root canal treatment among dentists in Thailand. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to investigate the current root canal treatment procedures and the demand for continuing education among Thai dental practitioners. Methods The survey, consisting of two sections and a total of 25 questions, was randomly distributed to 412 dentists in Thailand, both online and offline. Data on demographics, information on current root canal treatment protocols, and demand for continuing education, were collected. The association between demographic data and current root canal treatment protocols was analyzed using the chi-square test. The data gathered were analyzed using the JASP statistical software version 0.18. Results Three hundred and ninety-four questionnaires were completed. Sixty percent of the respondents (236) regularly performed root canal treatment. Most respondents treated one to five anterior teeth weekly. Seventy-six percent of the respondents did not use magnification. Fifty-eight percent of the respondents used an electronic apex locator in conjunction with a radiograph to determine the working length. Forty-four percent of the respondents used hand files for mechanical instrumentation. Sodium hypochlorite was the most used irrigant, while cold lateral compaction was the preferred obturation technique. The participants revealed the most interest in enrolling in two to three-day short seminar courses. Conclusion More Thai dental practitioners strictly followed the standard protocol compared to the previous survey. The short seminar courses were the most preferred program for continuous education.

Evaluation of Density and Homogeneity of Three Different Root Canal Obturation Techniques: A Three –Dimensional Computed Tomography In Vitro Study

The aim of this in vitro study was to compare three dimensionally the density and homogeneity of cold lateral compaction, warm vertical compacti on and guttaflow root canal obturation techniques using computed tomography. Thirty canals of 12 mm from extracted lower single canal premolars were selected then instrumented and divided randomly into 3 groups with 10 roots in each group. Group I was obturation with cold lateral compaction technique, group II was obturated with warm vertical compaction technique and group III was obturated with guttaflow system. The specimens were then analyzed for the density and homogeneity in both vertical and hor i zontalsections in apical, middle and coronal third with 1 mm section thickness using computed tomography. The data obtained in hounsefield units were subjected to statistical analysis. In conclusionguttaflow was superior in the apical part and none of the tested obturation techniques can achieve three dimensional dense and homogenous obturation from apical to coronal parts of root.

Performance of obturation techniques in anatomical irregularities located at different thirds of the root canal system.

This study aimed to compare the quality of root canal obturation (ratio of area occupied by gutta-percha (G), sealer (S), and presence of voids (V)) in different anatomical irregularities (intercanal communications, lateral irregularities, and accessory canals) located at different thirds of the root canal system of mandibular molar replicas. Sixty-seven 3D printed replicas of an accessed mandibular molar were prepared using ProGlider and ProTaper Gold rotatory systems. Three specimens were randomly selected to be used as controls and did not receive further treatment. The rest were randomly distributed in 4 experimental groups to be obturated using either cold lateral compaction (LC), continuous wave of condensation (CW), and core-carrier obturation (ThermafilPlus (TH) or GuttaCore (GC)) (n=16 per group). AHPlus® sealer was used in all groups. The three controls and a specimen from each experimental group were scanned using micro-computed tomography. The rest of the replicas were sectioned at the sites of anatomical irregularities and examined at 30× magnification. The G, S, and V ratios were calculated dividing the area occupied with each element by the total root canal area and then compared among groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Voids were present in all obturation techniques with ratios from 0.01 to 0.15. CW obtained a significantly higher G ratio in the irregularity located in the coronal third (0.882) than LC (0.681), TH (0.773), and GC (0.801) (p<0.05). TH and GC achieved significantly higher G ratios in those located in the apical third (p<0.05). The worst quality of obturation was observed in the loop accessory canal with all obturation techniques. Whitin the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that CW and core-carrier obturation are respectively the most effective techniques for obturating anatomical irregularities located in the coronal and the apical third.

Effect of Different Obturation Techniques on the Amount of Debris Extrusion During Endodontic Retreatment Using XP Endo Retreatment Set Files (In vitro Study)

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of the cold and warm obturation techniques on the amount of apically extruded debris (AED) and time needed for the removal of filling material during endodontic retreatment using the XP endo retreatment files.&#x0D; Methods: Sixty single-rooted lower premolars with round-shaped canals were selected for the study. The canals were prepared and obturated with one of four obturation techniques (N=15): cold lateral compaction (CLC), single-cone (SC), thermoplasticized gutta percha injection (TGP), and gutta core (GC) obturation techniques. All the root canal fillings were removed using XP endodontic retreatment files. The mean weight of the AED was estimated with an analytical balance to an accuracy of 10-4 g. AED data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis and a one-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey's test for the time factor, with a significance level ≤ 0.05.&#x0D; Results: AED data revealed significant differences among groups (p=0.039). The CLC technique was significant compared to TGP, with a significance level of p=0.018, and significant compared to the SC technique, with a significance level of p=0.034. Also, there were highly significant differences between groups regarding the time needed for retreatment (p=0.000).&#x0D; Conclusions: The obturation technique influences AED, and time for root canal retreatment. CLC resulted in less debris extrusion, while SC resulted in higher debris extrusion and TGP required the least time for root canal retreatment.

In vitro evaluation of filling material removal and apical debris extrusion after retreatment using Reciproc blue, Hyflex EDM and ProTaper retreatment files

ObjectivesTo evaluate the amount of remaining filing material and apical debris extrusion after retreatment using Reciproc Blue, Hyflex EDM and ProTaper Retreatment Files.Materials and methodsThirty-six extracted permanent mandibular first molars with moderately curved mesial roots were selected. Mesiobuccal canals were prepared using the ProTaper Next system up to size X2 and filled using gutta-percha and Adseal sealer via cold lateral compaction. Teeth were randomly divided into three equal groups (n = 12): Group 1: Reciproc Blue (RB)(VDW, Germany), Group 2: Hyflex EDM (HEDM)(Coltene/Whaledent, Switzerland), Group 3: ProTaper Universal Retreatment file system + ProTaper Next file system (PTUR + PTN)( Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland). Eppendorf tubes were used to collect the apically extruded debris. Cone-beam computed tomographic scans were taken prior to and after retreatment and the volume of remaining filling material was assessed at the coronal, middle and apical levels. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, Friedman's test and Wilcoxon Sign Rank test. Significance level was set at p value 0.05.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences among the three groups in the reduction of the volume of the filling material or in the amount of apically extruded debris.ConclusionAll the tested filing systems showed similar efficacy in removing the filling material, however, none of them could achieve its complete removal. Apical extrusion of debris occurred with all the systems used with no significant difference between the three groups.

The effect of sealer type and obturation technique on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated roots.

This study evaluated the effect of sealer type with various obturation techniques on the fracture resistance of root filled teeth. Eighty mandibular premolars were collected, and root canals of 70 of them were prepared by Mtwo system up to 40/04. Thirty teeth were obturated using TotalFill BC sealer, and 30 using AH Plus sealer, with one of the obturation techniques (N = 10), namely cold lateral compaction (CLC), warm vertical compaction (WVC), and single cone (SC). Ten teeth were left without obturation as a positive control, and the other 10 teeth were not prepared serving as a negative control. Teeth were stored for 3weeks, and the crowns were separated and the roots were subjected to fracture test using a universal testing machine. Data was analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. Fracture resistance of the TotalFill groups was significantly higher than the AH Plus groups in each obturation technique, and SC had the highest fracture resistance regardless of sealer used (P < 0.05). Obturation of the root canal by TotaFill BC sealer increased the calcium/phosphorous ratio in the dentin of the root. Obturation with TotalFill BC sealer improved the fracture resistance of the roots more than AH Plus sealer, and obturation with SC resulted in higher fracture resistance than CLC and WVC. Obturation of the root canal with Bioceramic sealer with single cone obturation technique could reduce the incidence of vertical root fracture.

Effectiveness of Four Different Obturation Techniques on the Penetration Depth of Bioceramic Sealers into the Dentin Tubules: An In Vitro Study

Introduction: We aimed to assess the penetration depth of bioceramic sealers into the dentin tubules following different root canal obturation techniques included (A) warm vertical compaction, (B) carrier-based technique, (C) cold lateral compaction, and (D) single-cone obturation. Methods: This study utilized 40 extracted lower first premolars with developed apices and circular and straight root canals. The roots were eliminated to achieve an 11-mm length with a coronal flat measurement point. ProTaper Next rotary system was used for instrumentation. For obturation procedures, gutta-percha and Bio-C bioceramic sealer were employed, and the roots were randomly divided into four study groups, including (A) warm vertical compaction, (B) carrier-based technique, (C) cold lateral compaction, and (D) single-cone obturation. Depth of sealer penetration into the tubules was assessed using scanning electron microscopy. Result: We found significant differences in the penetration depth of bioceramic sealers based on obturation techniques (p &lt; 0.001), location of dentin tubules (coronal, middle, or apical third) (p &lt; 0.001), and the interaction between obturation techniques and location (p = 0.042). Conclusion: The warm vertical compaction and carrier-based technique showed superior penetration depth into the dentin tubules.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF 0.2% CHITOSAN, COMBINATION OF 5.25% SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE (NAOCL) AND 17% ETHYLENE DIAMINE TETRAACETIC ACID (EDTA) AS FINAL IRRIGANTS ON PUSH-OUT BOND STRENGTH OF MTA FILLAPEX-AN IN VITRO STUDY

Context:The push-out bond strength of a sealer depends on removal of smear layer and its adhesion to dentin. This can be achieved by using potential final irrigants. Aim:To evaluate and compare effect of 0.2% chitosan and 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCL) followed by 17% ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on the push-out bond strength of MTA Fillapex. Methods and Material:45 single rooted mandibular premolar teeth divided into three groups where final irrigation was done using Group 1 - 0.2% Chitosan for 1 minute Group 2 - 5.25% NaOCL followed by 17%EDTA for 1 minute Control group – 0.9% saline. Obturation was done using MTA Fillapex sealer and cold lateral compaction technique. Two horizontal sections of each sample were tested using universal testing machine for push-out bond strength. Statistical analysis used: Data was assessed using one way ANOVA with Tukeys post-hoc analysis. Results:The results showed that both in coronal and middle third, irrigation with 0.2% chitosan showed higher push-out bond strength. In intra-group comparison, coronal third showed highest pushout bond strength compared to middle third. Conclusion:0.2% chitosan can be used as an alternative to NaOCL and EDTA as it effectively removes the smear layer without causing erosionof intra-radicular dentin.

Interfacial adaptation of NeoMTA Plus, BioRoot RCS and MTA in root-end cavities: A micro-CT study.

This study aimed to use the micro-computed tomography to evaluate the interfacial adaptation and the presence of gaps of NeoMTA Plus, BioRoot RCS, and MTA in the root-end cavities. Thirty standardized bovine roots measuring 15 mm in length were selected. Chemical-mechanical preparation was performed up to instrument #80 and obturation with the cold lateral compaction technique with cement based on zinc oxide and eugenol. The roots were kept at 37°C for 7 days. Afterward, apicectomy of the apical 3 mm and a root-end filling cavity was performed at 3 mm depth. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was performed to measure the volume of the retroactivity. The roots were divided by stratified randomization into three groups according to the retro-end filling material: NeoMTA Plus, BioRoot RCS, and MTA. A new micro-CT was performed to assess the presence of voids in the root-end filling material and between it and the canal wall. One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were performed using the BioEstat 4.0 program. There was no difference in the initial volume values of the root-end cavities (p > .05). After the insertion of root-end filling materials, the most significant volumes of voids were observed in the NeoMTA Plus group (p < .05), with no difference for the BioRoot RCS and MTA Angelus groups (p > .05). Micro-computed tomography showed that MTA and BioRoot RCS have better interfacial adaptation and presented fewer number of gaps than NeoMTA Plus when used as root-end filling materials. Micro-computed tomography evaluation of different root-end fillings materials.

Evaluation of Apically Extruded Debris During Retreatment Procedures Using Various File Systems in Teeth With Simulated Apical Root Resorption: An In Vitro Study.

Aim The aim of this study was to compare the amount of debris produced apically during the removal of root canal obturating material by using various files in extracted teeth with simulated apical root resorption. Materials and methods An in vitro study was conducted in the root canals of 90 extracted mandibular premolar teeth that were prepared with a ProTaper Gold rotary file (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and filled with gutta-percha and an AH Plus sealer (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) using a cold lateral compaction technique. A total of 45 mandibular premolar teeth were randomly assigned to three control groups (i.e., the ProTaper Universal retreatment file (Dentsply Maillefer), the Reciproc Blue file (VDW, Munich, Germany), and the HyFlex Remover file(Coltene/Whaledent, Altstatten, Switzerland)for the removal of root canal filling material, whereas the remaining 45 teeth were treated as the experimental group and their apical portion was modified to simulate apical root resorption. The teeth of this experimental group were randomly divided into three subgroups according to the same three techniques used with the control groups for the removal of root canal filling materials. The apically extruded debris was collected into pre-weighed borosilicate glass tubes and then dried. The mean weight of the apically extruded debris was assessed using an analytical balance to an accuracy of 10-4 g. Further, the data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Tukey's post hoc test. Results In the simulated apical root resorption groups, all file systems were associated with significantly more debris extrusion than the groups without simulated root resorption (a< 0.05). In both the control groups and experimental groups, the ProTaper Universal retreatment file was associated with the least weight of the apically extruded debris (a < 0.05), followed by the Reciproc Blue file and the HyFlex Remover file. Conclusion The amount of debris extruded apically was significantly greater in the teeth with simulated apical root resorption than in those without it. Further, during the removal of the root canal filling materials, HyFlex Remover was associated with significantly more apically extruded debris in all groups.

Effect of Root Canal Taper on the Ability of Endodontically Treated Teeth using the TruNatomy and Protaper Next File Systems to Resist Fracture.

This research was done to evaluate how the root canal taper affects the Endodontically Treated Teeth (ETT) prepared with the TruNatomy and Protaper Next file systems in terms of fracture resistance. Forty recently extracted mandibular premolar teeth were used in this research, which was classified into four groups at random. Groups 1a and 1b used TruNatomy 4% and 6%, respectively, while groups 2a and 2b used the Protaper Next 4% and 6% file systems, respectively. The root canals were cleaned, shaped, and sealed using cold lateral compaction. The root canals were then fixed in standardized autopolymerizing acrylic resin blocks and tested for vertical root fracture using a universal testing machine. Newtons were used to measure the forces needed to cause fractures. Data were statistically analyzed. In comparison with other groups, group 1a (TruNatomy 4%) displayed greater fracture resistance (423.322.43 Newtons), and group 2b (Protaper Next 6%) displayed the least fracture resistance (264.512.76 Newtons). Protaper Next file system had lower fracture resistance than TruNatomy file system. With the use of greater taper instruments, a notable decrease in the fracture resistance of ETT was observed.

A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study Comparing 3 Obturation Techniques to Seal Dentin to Root Canal Bioceramic Sealer in 30 Freshly Extracted Mandibular Second Premolars.

BACKGROUND Obturation is a crucial step in dentistry, involving the filling and sealing of a prepared root canal with sealer and core material to prevent bacterial invasion and ensure successful treatment. This study employed scanning electron microscopy to compare the effectiveness of 3 obturation techniques - single-cone technique (SCT), cold lateral compaction technique (CLCT), and continuous-wave technique (CWT) - in sealing dentin to recently introduced root canal bioceramic sealer in 30 extracted mandibular second premolars. The goal was to determine the optimal technique for minimizing gaps at the sealer-dentin interface. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty premolars were divided into 3 groups (n=10 each) based on obturation technique: SCT, CLCT, and CWT. All groups used CeraSeal bioceramic root canal sealer. Root samples were sectioned at apical, middle, and coronal thirds, and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy was performed to measure marginal/internal gaps. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey range test, with P≤0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS CWT showed fewer voids at all levels, with non-significant differences within a technique. Among the techniques, SCT had the largest mean gaps at all levels [apical (5.43±0.16), middle (5.28±0.20), coronal (5.73±0.24)], while CWT had the smallest mean gaps [apical (3.02±0.19), middle (2.95±0.14), coronal (2.76±0.15)]. The differences in means between techniques were statistically significant (P≤0.05). CONCLUSIONS CWT obturation with CeraSeal root canal sealer produces fewer marginal gaps at the sealer-dentin interface.

Comparative evaluation of post-operative pain &amp; analgesic intake after root canal treatment using three bioceramic sealers- An In-vivo study

To evaluate the occurrence and intensity of post-operative pain &amp; number of analgesic tablets intake after single visit endodontic treatment using three different Bioceramic sealers.45 single rooted teeth diagnosed with asymptomatic irreversible pulpits requiring endodontic treatment were randomly assigned to three groups (n=15) according to sealer used during obturation. To avoid bias in post-operative pain perception, each sealer is evaluated in three different single rooted teeth of the same patient. The different groups are Group 1-MTA-Fillapex, Group –II Ceraseal RCS, Group-III BioRoot RCS. Single visit Endodontic treatment was performed and teeth were obturated using cold lateral compaction and different root canal sealers with no radiographic material extrusion beyond the apex. Severity of post obturation pain was assessed by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) with score ranging from 0 to 10 at 6hrs, 12hrs, 24hrs and 48hrs intervals. The need for analgesic (Tab. Aceclofenac 100 mg) intake was also recorded. Differences in incidence of postoperative pain were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test followed by Mann Whitneys Post Hoc to compare the mean VAS score &amp; number of analgesics taken between three groups at different time intervals (p&amp;#60;0.05).MTA Fillapex shows statistically significant difference in mean VAS score (more pain) at 6hrs, 12hrs (p value &amp;#60; 0.001) &amp; at 24hrs (p&amp;#60;0.005) than Ceraseal RCS and BioRoot RCS. There is statistically significant difference in the no. of analgesic intake for MTA Fillapex i.e., more tablets taken by the patient to relive pain (p&amp;#60;0.001) as compared to Ceraseal RCS and BioRoot RCS. The decrease in pain was statistically significant for each time intervals from 6hrs to 48hrs for all the three groups.The teeth of the patients where MTA Fillapex sealer was used as a sealer in the obturation showed significantly more pain at 6hrs &amp; 12hrs and needed to take more analgesics than teeth obturated with other two sealers. This probably could be due to leaching out of resin constituents from MTA Fillapex.

Sealing Efficiency of BeeFill 2in1 Filling Technique and Cold Lateral Compaction Technique

Objective: To discuss sealing properties between BeeFill 2in1 warm vertical compaction technique and cold lateral compaction technique. Methods: Group1 BeeFill 2in1, Group 2: cold lateral compaction. The leakage specimens were measured using the transverse root sectioning, after 1 month. Results: The statistical analysis showed that the frequency of section with void, the percentage of void area and the percentage of sections at 1 mm–13 mm levels, the BeeFill 2in1 group were lower than those of the cold lateral compaction group. Conclusion: BeeFill 2in1 warm vertical compaction technique has its advantage in dealing with the long oval canal.

Comparative evaluation of the quality and homogeneity of different obturating systems using cone-beam computed tomography - An in vitro study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the homogeneity and quality of different obturating systems using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). One hundred and twenty extracted maxillary and mandibular molars were included in this study which was decoronated first and then dissected into palatal and distal roots. After working length determination, all the roots were biomechanically prepared with ProTaper universal system. The prepared roots were evaluated using CBCT, and volumetric analysis was done. Samples were then randomly divided into three groups corresponding to the obturation method used - cold lateral compaction technique, single-cone technique, and BeeFill 2 in 1 system. After obturation, CBCT imaging and volumetric analyses were performed again to compare and analyze the amount of volume of obturation in different obturating techniques. To standardize the volume, pre-and postobturation images were superimposed. To avoid errors, for each section, measurements were repeated three times and the means were calculated. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, followed by post hoc test. Results showed a statistically significant difference of the single cone with lateral compaction and the BeeFill system (P < 0.001). Maximum volume of obturating material was found in BeeFill at all levels - Coronal, middle, and apical, followed by cold lateral compaction and single-cone technique (P < 0.001). It could be concluded that the thermoplasticized obturating technique can be a better choice for obturation rather than the single cone and lateral compaction technique.