Cold Compression Research Articles

Ayurvedic Management of Subconjunctival Haemorrhage: A Single Case Report

Subconjunctival haemorrhage is a very common phenomenon that may result from surgery, conjunctivitis and trauma (from minor unnoticed to severe skull base), but is often idiopathic and apparently spontaneous, particularly in older patients. The bleed is usually asymptomatic until noticed by the patient . It gets absorbed by itself within 2 or 3 weeks considering cold compression in the initial stages, artificial tears- if mild ocular irritation is present and by avoiding aspirin and NSAIDs . According to Ayurveda, the disease Arjuna, one among the Suklagata Roga is presented as Neeruk (without pain), Slekshna (slimy) and Sasalohita Lohita Bindu (reddish spot as blood of rabbit). The symptoms of both Arjuna and subconjunctival haemorrhage appears to be similar. Pittahara is the line of management of Arjuna. This case report discusses ayurvedic management of subconjunctival haemorrhage with Kumari Pindi, and Yastimadhu-Lodra Netrapariseka. Kumari, Yastimadhu and Lodra being Chakshushya and with Pittasamana property helped out in complete resolution of subconjunctival haemorrhage with 5 days of Netrakriyakalpa Pindi and Seka giving significant result.

Cold- and hot-densification of a depolymerized glass: A multiscale vibrational investigation of PbSiO3

In this study, we investigated the effect of different compression routes on the lead metasilicate (PbSiO3) composition. Glass samples were compressed in a Belt press up to 5 GPa at room temperature (cold compression) and high temperatures (hot compression) up to 673 K, both at comparable experimental conditions concerning pressure and temperature gradients and times. The set of densified glasses was analyzed ex-situ by Brillouin, Raman and infrared spectroscopies, providing a multiscale structural probe. The dataset revealed a progressive decrease in the refractive index-weighted longitudinal sound velocities for the cold-compression and a minimum at about 450 K for hot-compression. Raman and infrared analyses indicate increasing depolymerization of the silicate network as an effect of densification, which is more pronounced at higher temperatures. Moreover, distinct mechanical properties are discussed regarding the inherent structural modifications resulting from the compression treatments.

Factors influencing physical and mechanical properties of direct reduced iron ore pellets

Direct Reduction processes for iron ore employing natural gas or hydrogen are becoming more important. Correspondingly, properties of outgoing products are of importance. Degradation of Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) feedstock greatly influences storage, handling, risk of reoxidation, and following melting operations. The focus of this work has been on the physical properties of DRI, and their effect on mechanical properties. Four types of industrially produced DRI having varying metallization, carbon content, structure and apparent porosity have been studied. Three of the selected DRI types have been reduced using natural gas, and one DRI type has been reduced using pure hydrogen. Cold compression strength and tumbling tests are performed. Qualitative analysis of samples before and after mechanical testing is made using SEM and LOM. Results show that total carbon content has a significant influence on overall mechanical strength of DRI. Degradation of samples in tumbling tests is least significant for the hydrogen-reduced – and hence carbon-free – DRI type. The DRI type containing the most carbon (3 wt%) exhibits the most fines generation and lowest compression strength. Furthermore, apparent porosity and fractures formed during reduction have a small though not as significant impact as carbon content on mechanical properties.

Evaluating the efficacy of local anesthetic techniques during scalp microneedling.

An increasing interest in minimally invasive procedures hassled to a demand for an effective local anesthetic algorithm. The scalp presents a challenge in achieving effective anesthesia due to the presence of hair shafts. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of different methods during a microneedling procedure, including 25 mg lidocaine and 25 mg prilocaine cream, skin spray with 10% lidocaine, and cold gel compresses. Sixty-two men aged between 20 and 50 years underwent three microneedling treatments, each using a different method of anesthesia. The treatment area was divided into two equal parts, with one part exposed to a specific anesthetic method. Patients were asked to rate their pain on a 0-10 verbal analog scale. An attempt was made to objectify the results using algometry. A negative correlation was observed between the algometry results and the VAS score after the application of the cream and cold compresses. When choosing monotherapy, it is recommended to use cold gel compresses for scalp microneedling after considering the advantages and disadvantages of different methods.

Effect of cold compression therapy to reduce pain intensity after mild traumatic brain injury: A case study

Effect of cold compression therapy to reduce pain intensity after mild traumatic brain injury: A case study

Bilateral Subconjunctival Hemorrhage (SCH) Following Delivery

Introduction: Subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCH) occurs when blood enters from the conjunctival or episcleral blood vessels into the subconjunctival space. SCH is classified as traumatic and non-traumatic (NTSCH). Microvascular diseases and increased intraabdominal pressure are associated with NTSCH; consequently, SCH can develop after vaginal delivery. However, reports regarding postpartum SCH are still scarce. This study aims to enhance awareness and comprehension of postpartum SCHs rather than minimize their significance. Case Presentation: A 17-year-old female presented with bilateral redness in both eyes one day post-delivery with no other ocular complaints. There were no complications in pregnancy and labor. The patient had no medical history of anticoagulant usage, trauma, hypertension, or blood disorders. Ophthalmic examination revealed visual acuity 20/20 on both eyes and bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhage, while other examinations were unremarkable. Treatment included a cold compress for 24 hours, followed by warm compresses every two hours on both eyes. Pharmacological therapy included artificial tears and naphazoline eye drops. Conclusions: Increased intra-abdominal pressure during labor can contribute to SCHs. While spontaneous resolution is common, accurate differentiation of SCH etiology is crucial for effective management. Obstetricians and ophthalmologists must collaborate to identify risk factors early, including routine eye screenings during the perinatal period, to enhance patient comfort and safety. Furthermore, additional research endeavors and investigations are necessary to deepen our understanding of the frequency and risk factors associated with postpartum SCHs and to develop effective prevention and treatment measures.

Effect of Cold Compression and Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloyure and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

The microstructural evolution of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy under different stress and aging temperature was studied using cold compression and heat treatment. The relationship between the process parameter and the microstructure of the material was analyzed by OM, EBSD, and TEM. The results showed that the grain size decreased and the recrystallization fraction increased with the increase of compression. Textures of <111>||X (cubic), <110>//Y, Goss have higher intensity after solution treatment, but their intensity and proportion also decrease with the increase of compression. η' is the main precipitate in the alloy aged at 140 °C, while η is the main precipitate in the alloy aged at 160°C. Precipitation coarsening and grain refinement affect the microhardness of the alloy together.

Flow and heat transfer performance of reciprocating oscillatory flow in a Stirling engine compared to steady unidirectional flow

The driving force of a Stirling engine comes from the thermal expansion and cold compression of working gas under reciprocating oscillating flow, the flow and heat transfer performance of which is significantly different with that of steady state unidirectional flow. In this work, the performance differences in a heating tube for a Stirling engine under steady state unidirectional and reciprocating oscillating flows were studied. The results indicate that the temperature distribution was mainly dependent on the inlet velocity for a steady unidirectional flow. For a reciprocating oscillatory flow, the temperature distribution was greatly affected by the working gas state in the previous period besides the inlet velocity. Furthermore, a slightly weaker of heat transfer was obtained for reciprocating oscillatory flow, accompanying with a slightly stronger pressure consumption. The change time of pressure difference, velocity and heat transfer for the reciprocating oscillatory flow were earlier than, substantially equal to, and later than that of the steady unidirectional flow. Finally, the entry-return asymmetric insert was suggested to prioritize the heat transfer enhancement in entry process of a heating tube under reciprocating oscillatory flow to achieve the excellent overall performance for a Stirling engine.

Factors Affecting Patient Satisfaction with Double-Eyelid Blepharoplasty.

Blepharoplasty is a common surgical technique performed in individuals seeking aesthetic enhancement. Thus, it is essential to investigate the factors influencing postoperative satisfaction from the patient's perspective. In this study, patient-rated outcome measure questionnaires were used to identify the factors affecting patient satisfaction after full-incision upper blepharoplasty. This retrospective study analyzed patients who underwent full-incision upper blepharoplasty at an outpatient clinic in China. The questionnaire responses were collected by telephone, text messaging, or email at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. In total, 149 questionnaires were collected. After a mean follow-up of 23.23 months, the patients' overall satisfaction rate was 89.43%. The factors that significantly affected postoperative satisfaction were the patient's education level, the source of referral to the surgeon, the patient's understanding of the surgical risks, application of a cold compress after surgery as recommended, unsatisfactory postoperative double-eyelid width, postoperative bilateral asymmetry, apparent postoperative cicatrices, and postoperative caterpillar-like appearance of the double eyelids. Education level, apparent postoperative cicatrices, and postoperative bilateral asymmetry influenced the patient's satisfaction with the surgical outcome. The patient's understanding of the surgical risks, unsatisfactory postoperative double-eyelid width, postoperative bilateral asymmetry, apparent postoperative cicatrices, and postoperative caterpillar-like appearance influenced the satisfaction of the patient's family and friends. Postoperative bilateral asymmetry, apparent postoperative cicatrices, and a low education level of the patient are independent factors that negatively affect patient satisfaction with the outcome of double-eyelid blepharoplasty. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Microstructure and properties of Ti55531 alloy subjected to deep cryogenic treatment

The cryogenic treatment of near β Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–3Cr–1Zr (Ti55531) alloy was conducted using the liquid nitrogen refrigeration method. The microstructure and properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the alloy achieves optimal properties at a cryogenic time of 8h. Compared to samples that were not cryogenically treated, microhardness, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and elongation increased by 12.9%, 6.8%, and 8.0% respectively. Detailed microstructural characterization indicated that the cryogenic processing can lead to grain refinement, enhanced dislocation density, and accelerate the transformation of the metastable β phase into the stable α phase, resulting in a higher volume fraction of the α phase. After cryogenic treatment, the lath-shaped α phase reorients from a vertical to a parallel orientation, and its average width is reduced. Simultaneously, cryogenic treatment diminished texture strength but enhanced the uniformity of the alloy. Improvements induced by cryogenic treatment are attributed to alloy volume and lattice contraction caused by cold compression forces at cryogenic temperatures, which generate internal stress and grain deflection.

Cold Compression and Kinesio Taping to Accelerate Football Athletes' Injury Recovery

Cold Compression and Kinesio Taping to Accelerate Football Athletes' Injury Recovery

The Efficacy of Warm and Cold Compresses in Reducing Body Temperature among Hyperthermic Sepsis Patients

Introduction: Clinical manifestations in sepsis patients include high fever (hyperthermia). Interventions to reduce fever can be done through non-pharmacological therapy, including cold and warm compresses. Objective: This study was determine the effectiveness of warm and cold compresses on temperature changes in hyperthermic patients in the ICU. Methods: This study was a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental pre-post design with a control group. The study was conducted at Sulianti Saroso Infectious Disease Hospital (SSIDH). The sample consisted of sixty (60) patients diagnosed with sepsis in the ICU, with thirty (30) patients receiving warm compress intervention and thirty (30) patients receiving cold compress intervention. The intervention involved a compressing procedure according to the hospital's SOP. Results: In the warm compress intervention group, the average body temperature before intervention was 38.740C; after intervention, it was 36.760C. In the cold compress intervention group, the body temperature before intervention was 38.590C; after intervention, it was 36.750C. There was a difference in body temperature before and after intervention for both warm and cold compresses (p-value=0.0001) but the changes in the two interventions were not statistically different (p-value=0.437). Conclusion: Both compresses are effective in reducing the body temperature of sepsis patients experiencing hyperthermia. The results of this study can be used as input for nursing interventions in ICU patients with hyperthermia problems with non-pharmacological interventions through warm compresses and cold compresses.

Cold Therapy pada Luka Operasi Ortopedi

This study aims to determine the effect of the cooling method on overcoming acute responses such as pain after surgery. It has three main effects: reducing pain (analgesia), anti-inflammatory effects, and edema/swelling. The method used was a systematic search for articles with a randomized controlled trial (RCT) research design through the PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and ClinicalKey databases from October 2013 to October 2023 using the keywords "post-surgical" OR "after surgery" OR "post-operative" AND "iced pack" OR "cold packs" AND "acute pain" OR "pain management" OR "therapy." The search results revealed that six articles were obtained from 696 articles through screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Research shows that the cooling method can be applied to orthopedic patients and positively impacts the acute response after surgery. Conclusions show that this method can significantly reduce the effects of acute inflammation after surgery and restore optimal function with the standard protocols related to this method.This study aims to determine the effect of the cooling method on overcoming acute responses such as pain after surgery. It has three main effects: reducing pain (analgesia), anti-inflammatory effects, and edema/swelling. The method used was a systematic search for articles with a randomized controlled trial (RCT) research design through the PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and ClinicalKey databases from October 2013 to October 2023 using the keywords "post-surgical" OR "after surgery" OR "post-operative" AND "iced pack" OR "cold packs" AND "acute pain" OR "pain management" OR "therapy." The search results revealed that six articles were obtained from 696 articles through screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Research shows that the cooling method can be applied to orthopedic patients and positively impacts the acute response after surgery. Conclusions show that this method can significantly reduce the effects of acute inflammation after surgery and restore optimal function with the standard protocols related to this method. Keywords: Cryotherapy, Cold Compress, Orthopedics, Post-Operation

Five-fold twin formation in face-centered cubic metals under impact loading

Five-fold twins (FFTs) are unique microstructural features in face-centered cubic (FCC) metals that significantly influence their mechanical strength. This study examines FFT formation in Cu, Au, and Ni under high-strain rate conditions induced by cold spray and compression shock impact loading, using atomistic simulations. We reveal a sequential twinning mechanism for FFT formation under impact loading, where the specific growth path varies, leading to inherently unstable FFTs that decompose post-formation. Interestingly, impact velocity had minimal influence, while elevated temperatures suppressed FFT formation, suggesting a dependency on the twinning mechanism. The stacking fault energy of the FCC metal greatly affected FFT propensity; metals with lower stacking fault energy (e.g., Au) readily formed FFTs, while those with higher stacking fault energy (e.g., Ni) encountered greater difficulty. These findings provide new insights into the behavior of FFTs under dynamic loading conditions, with implications for the design of high-strength nanocrystalline materials.

Acyclovir extravasation in a newborn: a case report

ObjectiveExtravasation of infused drugs is not a rare problem in medical practice. Acyclovir is a vesicant and an antiviral medication commonly used for young children. In the present study, we presented a neonate with soft tissue damage due to acyclovir extravasation.Case reportA female newborn (Iranian, Asian) with gestational age 37+2 weeks and breech presentation was born by Cesarean delivery from a mother with a recent history of Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection (Yas Women’s Hospital, Tehran, Iran). Intravenous administration of acyclovir was initiated through a peripheral catheter inserted on the dorsal side of the left hand. A few minutes after the second dose, the patient showed a diffused firm swelling, local discoloration, and induration in the dorsum of the hand. The peripheral catheter was removed immediately. Hyaluronidase was injected subcutaneously in five different regions around the catheterization site. Intermittent limb elevation and cold compression (for 10 minutes) were applied. Serial follow-ups and examinations were performed hourly to check limb inflammation, ischemia, and compartment syndrome. The limb swelling and discoloration significantly improved 4 hours after the second dose of hyaluronidase.ConclusionEarly diagnosis of acyclovir extravasation and immediate management could prevent severe complications in neonates. Further studies are needed to suggest a standard approach and treatment protocol for acyclovir extravasation.

Parents' Attitude Towards Their Feverish Children in Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.

Fever is a very common problem among pediatric age groups globally. Parents' adequate knowledge and practice make a huge difference in the areas of cost as well as time. The objective of this study is to determine parents' knowledge and practice about their feverish child and the socio-demographic characteristics associated with such knowledge and practice. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 194 parents attending primary healthcare centers (PHCs) by using a convenient sampling method. Informed consent was obtained from each participant. Data were collected through a validated self-administered questionnaire and later analyzed with SPSS software. For inferential statistics, the chi-square test was applied. Of the 194 participants in our study, 59.8% were men (n=116) and 40.2% were women (n=78). About 37.1% (n=72) of parents had defined the maximum normal temperature for children as 37.5°C. Additionally, 71.6% (n=139) of the parents were concerned about convulsions in feverish children. Approximately 39.2% (n=76) of parents considered PHC doctors to be their source of information. About 70.1% (n=136) of participants applied cold compresses when their child developed a fever. Nearly 88.1% (n=171) of parents preferred to visit the doctor when their child had a high fever. There was a statically significant association observed between occupation categories and source of information (P<0.05). Based on the study results, it was found that parents had poor knowledge about defining the normal body temperature. Approximately two-thirds of the study participants had good practices about health-seeking behavior.

Characteristics of bulletproof plate made from silkworm cocoon waste: Hybrid silkworm cocoon waste-reinforced epoxy/UHMWPE composite

Abstract This study aims to develop composite plates using silkworm cocoon waste- and hybrid silkworm cocoon waste-reinforced polymer composite using epoxy resin as a matrix to replace synthetic fibers in bulletproof plates. The fabrication involved mixing 70 g of silkworm cocoon waste with 240 g of resin and 70 g of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, followed by cold compression molding. Tensile and impact tests on the resulting samples, using a standardized 9 mm projectile, showed a tensile strength of 107.4 MPa and an elastic modulus of 1240.3 MPa. With a back face signature (BFS) of 21.25 mm, the samples effectively intercepted the projectile, satisfying the stringent U.S. National Institute of Justice standard 0101.06, which specifies a maximum BFS of 44 mm. In comparison with hemp woven materials, silkworm cocoon waste has proven to be a promising substitute for both tensile and impact evaluations, attracting considerable interest and underscoring its role as a reinforcing agent for national fiber. This research has significant implications for industries and applications requiring affordable, lightweight, and efficient safeguards against ballistic dangers. Ultimately, it contributes to the progress of ballistic protection methods by encouraging exploration into innovative, bio-inspired, and sustainable materials capable of achieving superior impact resistance.

Exploring High‐Pressure Polymorphism in Carbonic Acid through Direct Synthesis from Carbon Dioxide Clathrate Hydrate

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) is widespread in astrochemically relevant environments, often coexisting with water (H2O) ices and thus triggering a great interest regarding the possible formation of their adducts under various thermodynamic conditions. Amongst them, solid carbonic acid (H2CO3) remains elusive, yet being widely studied. Synthetic routes followed for its production have always been characterised by drastic irradiation on solid ice mixtures or complex procedures on fluid samples (such as laser heating at moderate to high pressures). Here we report about a simpler yet effective synthetic route to obtain two diverse carbonic acid crystal structures from the fast, cold compression of pristine clathrate hydrate samples. The two distinct polymorphs we obtained, differing in the water content, have been deeply characterised via spectroscopic and structural techniques to assess their composition and their astonishing pressure stability, checked up to half a megabar, also highlighting the complex correlations between them so to compile a detailed phase diagram of this system. These results may have a profound impact on the prediction and modelisation of the complex chemistry which characterises many icy bodies of our Solar System.

Exploring High-Pressure Polymorphism in Carbonic Acid through Direct Synthesis from Carbon Dioxide Clathrate Hydrate.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is widespread in astrochemically relevant environments, often coexisting with water (H2O) ices and thus triggering a great interest regarding the possible formation of their adducts under various thermodynamic conditions. Amongst them, solid carbonic acid (H2CO3) remains elusive, yet being widely studied. Synthetic routes followed for its production have always been characterised by drastic irradiation on solid ice mixtures or complex procedures on fluid samples (such as laser heating at moderate to high pressures). Here we report about a simpler yet effective synthetic route to obtain two diverse carbonic acid crystal structures from the fast, cold compression of pristine clathrate hydrate samples. The two distinct polymorphs we obtained, differing in the water content, have been deeply characterised via spectroscopic and structural techniques to assess their composition and their astonishing pressure stability, checked up to half a megabar, also highlighting the complex correlations between them so to compile a detailed phase diagram of this system. These results may have a profound impact on the prediction and modelisation of the complex chemistry which characterises many icy bodies of our Solar System.

Optimal Duration of Cold and Heat Compression for Forearm Muscle Biomechanics in Mixed Martial Arts Athletes: A Comparative Study.

BACKGROUND Cold and heat therapies for recovery in sports are commonly used, including in the mixed martial arts (MMA). The Game Ready (GR) device can be used for local monotherapy with either heat or cold and for contrast therapy. This study aimed to compare the effects of duration of cold and heat compression on biomechanical changes in the forearm muscles of 20 healthy mixed martial arts athletes. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty MMA volunteers (26.5±4.5 years old) underwent 3 different phases of the GR: (1) stimulation time 10 min (eGR-10, GR experimental group), (2) 10 min (cGR-10, sham control group) and (3) 20 min (eGR-20, GR experimental group). The following outcomes were assessed: muscle tone (T), stiffness (S), flexibility (E), pressure pain threshold (PPT), microvascular response (PU), and maximum isometric strength (Fmax). All measurements were performed before GR (rest) and after GR stimulation (post). RESULTS Both eGR-10 and eGR-20 significantly improved outcomes T (p<0.001), S (p<0.001), E (p=0.001, and p<0.001, respectively), PPT (p<0.001), PU (p<0.001), and Fmax (p<0.001). Notably, eGR-20 exhibited superior improvements in PU, Fmax, and PPT, with larger effect sizes (p<0.001). While eGR-10 demonstrated more pronounced reductions in T and S (p<0.001), these results underscore the potential for tailored GR therapy durations to optimize specific recovery goals for MMA athletes. CONCLUSIONS GR stimulation affects muscle biomechanical changes, pain threshold, muscle strength, and tissue perfusion. The study results suggest that 10 min of GR stimulation is sufficient to achieve changes that can be used to optimize recovery for MMA athletes.