Coin Identification Research Articles

X-ray computed microtomography: A non-invasive and time-efficient method for identifying and screening Roman copper-based coins

This study utilises X-ray Computed Micro-Tomography (μXCT) as a non-destructive and non-invasive method to recover the original surface features and reveal the characteristics of encrusted, illegible Roman copper-based coins before any physical cleaning process is performed. The coins were retrieved from the topsoil during an archaeological survey in the countryside of the ancient city of Aquileia, Italy, and were severely degraded, covered with accumulated matter and pronounced encrustations developed over centuries of aging buried in soil. Despite their condition, most of the coins were identified from a numismatic standpoint using tomographic data alone, with the aid of reference images. They were subsequently cleaned using traditional manual methods and the results compared with μXCT. X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis of the coins after the physical cleaning confirmed their numismatic attribution and revealed information regarding the influence of different alloy compositions on the applicability of the μXCT method, as well as on the corrosion process of the coins.This study showcases how the application of μXCT on fragile corroded metal artifacts prior to any intrusive manual procedures can expedite the identification process, mitigating the risk of information loss caused by physical handling and cleaning. This approach proves particularly valuable when dealing with large numbers of coins that would typically require restoration for identification purposes. It also emphasises the numerous advantages of using μXCT for coin identification, provenance determination, dating, virtual restoration, digitisation, and long-term preservation.

Brazilian coin counter research report

Though coins are less used in the informational era, a significant amount of the population still uses physical coins for financial transactions. Also, when the countrys government collects the coins for equivalent digital currency transactions, coin identification is still vital yet tedious. Moreover, the dated coins and the difference in illuminations. This novel presents a coin identification and validation model based on the Alex Net convolutional model. It identifies the value of a coin through the numbers, animals, and plants on the two sides. The model employs data enhancement, feature attention layers, max pooling, and residue groups. We collected 2826 images of Brazilian coins with reverse motifs, and the experimental accuracy of our model reached 0.97. The code part has shown here: https://github.com/Erik-Xie/-Brazilian-Coin-counter-Research-Report.git

Malaysia coin identification app using deep learning model

Most of the human work has been replaced by computers in recent years. With the rise of mobile technology and Internet access, recent developments in machine learning (ML) have designed many algorithms to solve diverse human problems. However, due to a lack of exposure to image processing, identification technology is still not widely employed in Malaysia. This paper outlines the steps involved in creating a mobile application for coin identification using ML. In the literature review, the history of the coins is studied in more depth and the features of already existing coin identification mobile applications are compared by their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, using the neural network model, the classification accuracy of successfully identified coins is recorded and disclosed. This study includes the limitations of the prototype mobile application and future improvements that could be added.

Malaysia coin identification app using deep learning model

Most of the human work has been replaced by computers in recent years. With the rise of mobile technology and Internet access, recent developments in machine learning (ML) have designed many algorithms to solve diverse human problems. However, due to a lack of exposure to image processing, identification technology is still not widely employed in Malaysia. This paper outlines the steps involved in creating a mobile application for coin identification using ML. In the literature review, the history of the coins is studied in more depth and the features of already existing coin identification mobile applications are compared by their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, using the neural network model, the classification accuracy of successfully identified coins is recorded and disclosed. This study includes the limitations of the prototype mobile application and future improvements that could be added.

Design and Calculation of Planar Eddy Current Coil in Coin Identification

In recent years, the demand for coins in society has increased rapidly and at the same time, a large amount of forged coin has also appeared. The previous approaches for coin identification using image, weight, and diameter are not able to consider both efficiency and accuracy. The eddy current identification system with simple frequency cannot pick up the whole character of coins. In this research, a new planar eddy current excitation coil and an array of planar eddy current receive coils were proposed. With the multifrequency excitation current signal, both the materials and patterns of coins can be identified in detail. A numerical simulation model was proposed to certify the performance of the new identification system. It is shown that the proposed multi coils coin identification system has better accuracy. The efficiency of the identification is 1800 pcs/minute and the recognition rate of the proposed system can reach up to 99.35%.

Reflectance Transformation Imaging for Roman Coin Identification: Archaeology and Education

In 2001 the Department of Classics acquired pieces from the Diniacopolous family collection, along with a large number of coins. The majority of these coins were minted in Alexandria and vary in dates from the Hellenistic to the Byzantine period with the bulk from the Roman Imperial Period date range. While some of the coins are in decent condition and their legends and reliefs can be read with the naked eye, most require the use of imaging technology in order to be identified. This presentation will discuss results of a project currently underway to image the coins using Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI), a cost effective technique, which has also been used by the department at Cataraqui Cemetery to recover eroded tombstone inscriptions. While some coins were extensively eroded and thus could not be classified, the technique showed impressive results allowing most coins to be identified and dated. The presentation will also outline how RTI can be used in education, as bags of coins can be cheaply acquired by educators, thus allowing students at the primary and secondary school level to actively participate in deciphering corroded coins. This project demonstrates that RTI can be applied to a wide range of artefacts and is a valuable tool in preserving cultural heritage.

The use of computed tomography for the study of archaeological coins

Computed tomography enables non-destructive three-dimensional densitometric information of the internal structure and external geometry of many archaeological artefacts to be acquired. This paper uses work completed by the μ-VIS X-ray Imaging Centre at the University of Southampton to illustrate how computed tomography can be used to accurately record surface and sub-surface data of intact coin hoards contained within pots. An examination of coin placement, coin identification and segmentation and extraction of individual coins for use within a virtual environment are presented. Computed tomography used in this way will enable numismatists to identify otherwise hidden coins, and to visualise, share and archive coin data.

Coin Identification Based on Fusion Multiple Algorithms

With the extensive use of coins in the financial sector, it is necessary to develop an effective real-time method of identification. This paper presents a coin identification algorithm based on multiple algorithms fusioned and verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm in the simulation environment of Matlab. Through experimental analysis, the accuracy of the algorithm is high, and is not easily effected by external environmental factors.

A statistical pattern analysis approach for rapid coin identification based on Eddy-current sensors

We present an effective approach based on eddy-current sensors enabling rapid identification of different coin classes in this work. The employed Eddy-current sensing technique aims to detect the induced signals which are transponded back to the induction coil so that the system can promptly process the characteristic signals and recognize authenticity and classes of inspected coins. The training and identification program in this recognition system are developed by LabVIEW® interface and thus data accuracy can be secured. The experimental results have proven the proposed eddy-current sensing method an efficient way to rapidly identify authentic coins. It is found that the maximum identification rate can achieve 14 coins per second provided a coin feeding mechanism can be appropriately designed.

Impact of eccentric viewing and magnification interventions on the performance of activities of daily living

Loss of macular vision has been shown to impact on performance of activities of daily living. The aim of this study was to report a clinical evaluation of client perceptions and results of a random control trial of eccentric viewing and magnification interventions on the performance of activities of daily living (ADL). Client perceptions were obtained from a retrospective analysis of post training evaluation questionnaires. A random control design was used to compare the impact of three interventions (eccentric viewing, magnification and combined intervention) on the performance of daily function. Data was analysed using between and within group one-way analysis of variance. Questionnaire data indicated clients perceived eccentric viewing had assisted performance of ADL. Results of the random control study in relation to the dependant variable ADL demonstrated that intervention significantly improved performance. The eccentric viewing intervention demonstrated greater improvement in dynamic activities, e.g. shopping. The magnification intervention demonstrated the greatest improvement in high acuity activities, e.g. coin identification. Eccentric viewing and magnification generally improve the performance of ADL, however each is suited to different types of activity.

Low vision rehabilitation in patients with age‐related macular degeneration at a tertiary eye care centre in southern India

To evaluate the specific needs and types of low vision devices (LVDs) in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) so as to use the residual vision effectively. One hundred consecutive patients with diagnosis of AMD were evaluated to ascertain the degree of visual disability. Different LVDs were used to suit the specific needs of individual patients. The distribution of LVDs for distance and near and other rehabilitation measures were stratified for vision >or=6/18 and <6/18. Statistical analysis was performed using chi2 test/Fisher's exact test and paired t-test. The percentage of patients with visual acuity <6/18 reduced from 72.2% (26/36) to 47.2% (17/36) with the use of standard spectacles (P = 0.03). Similarly, the percentage of patients with visual acuity <6/18 reduced from 85.7% (6/7) to 14.3% (1/7) with the use of a telescope (P = 0.029). The optical devices for near tasks included spectacle magnifiers (n = 59), stand magnifiers (n = 19), and hand magnifiers (n = 18). With these LVDs, the near vision improved from 0.13 (decimal notations) to 0.39 (P < 0.001). Eighty-six patients were given at least one of the LVDs and 20% were prescribed more than one near device (bifocals, spectacle magnifiers, hand magnifiers, stand magnifiers). Additionally, patients also needed counselling (n = 89) and training on eccentric viewing (n = 39), coin identification (n = 45), and independent mobility (n = 41). The overall management of a patient with AMD must include counselling, prescription of appropriate LVDs and training to utilize the residual vision to its fullest advantage. This is expected to improve the patient's quality of life.

Testing synergetic algorithms with industrial classification problems

Synergetic computers are a class of self-organized algorithms. Due to their close similarity to self-organized systems in the real world, they are potential candidates for new synergetic hardware. In this paper one class of synergetic computers is tested on two industrial identification problems, optical wheel identification in a foundry and acoustic coin identification. Three modifications to Haken's original algorithm are introduced. The test results show that software simulations of synergetic computers can be successfully used for industrial pattern recognition tasks. Consequently, there is a need for research in the field of synergetic hardware realization.

Coin Identification and Relative Value: A Training Programme for Adults with Mental Handicap

The five participants in this study were adult long-term residents of institutions for people with mental handicap who had only rudimentary numerical and monetary skills. All were successfully trained, using methods based on “errorless stimulus fading” techniques within a multiple-baseline experimental design, to recognize the seven British coin types and to judge their relative value. Recognition training incidentally resulted in ability to name the coins. Training at each skill required four to seven sessions of up to 20 minutes each, at intervals of 24 hours or more. Performance remained accurate at three-week and six-month follow-up. In four out of five subjects, improvement at recognition could be attributed specifically to the training sequence.

On a Problem of Coin Identification

On the basis of the number of spins required to obtain a certain number of heads, a rule with a specified probability of being correct is given to decide which of two unequal bias values is possessed by a chosen coin. In addition, the expected number of spins until this determination is possible is established. The problem is then extended to the identification of the bias of a coin from three possible values.

Understanding Ancient Coins: An Introduction for Archaeologists and Historians

IntroductionAn archaeologist was once heard to remark that 'Coins are only wellndated pieces of metal'. He was, of course, wrong: coins are not usuallynwell dated nor are they necessarily made of metal. But these smallntechnical points of fact aside, the drift of the comment well reflects thenplace that coin studies have occupied in the archaeological world.nCoins are perceived as dating evidence, as art objects and as a uniquenspecies of evidence that is best left to the numismatist and confined tonthe museum strongroom at the earliest possible moment. It is thenpurpose of this short book to bring to the attention of archaeologistsnand historians something of the full potential of coin evidence. Ifnnumismatic studies are to transcend the mere identification of coins itnwill be in collaboration with scholars who need the answers tonquestions which push the numismatist into areas of speculation whichnare at the very limits of inference in his specialist field. By the samentoken the optimistic misuse of coin evidence by archaeologists may bencurtailed by the reasoned understanding of the numismatist of thencomplexities of coin production, circulation and survival. In this worknI have tried to bring coin studies out of the closet and expose some ofnthe techniques of study which have been developed in the fields ofndating, economic and social studies. In doing so I have deliberatelynignored the problem of coin identification. This can be learned, bynhard work, from a pile of coins or from study in a coin collection, butnnot from the pages of a book.The emphasis throughout this work is on Roman coinage. This isnnot because this is the only area in which numismatic techniques cannbe used but because it is the author's own field of research. The samensort of work is being done in other coin series, in other periods and bynother workers. However, it is the coinage of Rome which forms thenlargest component of the archaeological record and it is the classicalnpast which occupies the attention of a very large part of thenarchaeological profession, so that emphasis on this period may not benentirely out of place. If there is a single thread within this work it is thatnthe study of processes, not things, should be the concern of the appliednnumismatist. It is a process which underlies the issue, use and loss ofncoins. The individual coin is merely the representative of a complexnseries of events. Furthermore, there can be no understanding of thenevidential value of coins in the mass without the recognition that theynare an expression of political will and economic forces. What thenarchaeologist has to deal with, as does the numismatist, is the residualnevidence for the operation of these forces filtered through thenfrequently bizarre behaviour of individuals. n n n n n n n