Cognitive Value Research Articles

The Wake of Modernistic Tourism in the Kingdom: A Multimodal Analysis of Online Discourse

Background: Suadi Vision 2030 is an embodiment of a futuristic vision that aims at attaining significant social, cultural, and economic advancement in the Kingdom within the ongoing decade. And revolutionizing the tourism industry is one of the key components in the Suadi Vision for not only developing a sustainable economic source but also representing the versatility of the Saudi landscape and culture to the outer world.
 Problem: However, to attract tourists from around the globe, it is pertinent to clearly and persuasively elucidate what the country has to offer in terms of its tourist attractions, facilities, and activities. For the said purpose, different government and private-run websites provide prime information and description of the tourism opportunities in KSA.
 Aim: The current project aimed at analyzing the effectiveness of linguistic and semiotic representation of the content provided online to attract foreign tourists specifically.
 Frameworks: The multimodal framework was adopted to analyze the selected content. To evaluate the written discourse, Fairclough’s critical analysis consisting of “description, interpretation, and explanation of text” (p. 109) was implemented. Similarly, to scrutinize the images ‘Grammar of Images’ model promulgated by Kress & van Leeuwen (2006) was employed.
 Results: The findings of the study demonstrate that the website discourse effectively presents the Kingdom as a modern, multicultural, and rich landscape for prospective tourists. Also, the imagery and discursive strategies applied positively exhibit the vitality and vivacity of Saudi culture, lifestyle and tourism experience through complementing each other effectively.
 Cognitive value: Saudi Vision 2030 has widely been analyzed employing multiple methods and frameworks. However, there is a dearth of research focusing on analyzing the use of discourse as well as images by employing a multimodal framework. This study contributes by addressing this gap in the existing research.

Studying Saudi English as a New Variety: A Multi-variate Analysis

Aim. This multi-dimensional analysis explores prominent lexico-grammatical features in English used in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The research focuses on the linguistic variation in editorials in Saudi English newspapers. The study’s goals were to create a specialised corpus of Saudi English, to determine how Saudi English differs from British English, and to establish Saudi English as an independent form of English, allowing syllabi designers to serve ESP course developers better. Method. Douglas Biber's multi-dimensional analysis (2006), a corpus-based, quantitative, empirical, and comparative technique for studying linguistic variety, was used by the researchers for analysing this language diversity. Quantitative and functional techniques were employed in the research. The authors examined and statistically analysed the acquired data to establish the communicative function of press editorials. Biber’s (2006) tagger was used to tag the data. Then, using the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the linguistic differences between Saudi publications and British newspapers were determined. Results. The results indicate that Saudi Newspaper Editorial (SNE) is more informational, explicit, abstract, and less argumentative than British Newspaper Editorial (BNE). On one dimension, SNE produces non-narrative while BNE produces narrative discourse. Except for D2, the findings of the internal comparison reveal that there are minor variations in the mean score of Saudi newspaper editorials. Saudi Gazette creates a non-narrative discourse on D2, whilst Arab News produces a narrative one. Cognitive value. The findings support the claim that English spoken in Saudi Arabia qualifies as a distinct variation of English.

The enhancement of self-directedness in the studies of English books for specific purposes: an analysis of ESP study books

Aim. It has been acknowledged by research that self-directedness proves to be fundamental in learning processes. Despite the fact that self-directedness is vital in the perspective of lifelong learning, there is an insufficient amount of known research that focuses on enhancing self-directedness in the studies of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). In order to expand the body of knowledge in this field, the aim of this work is to establish the types of tasks used in ESP study books which contribute to learners’ self-directedness. Methods. The study employs the methods of relevant literature analysis and comparative analysis of three ESP study books published by Oxford University Press, Pearson Education Limited and Macmillan, which are designed for the intermediate and upper-intermediate students of Business English. Results and conclusion. The comparison shows that the analysed ESP study books contribute to the enhancement of self-directedness through a communicative type of tasks (reading, vocabulary building, speaking, listening activities), which correlates with the categories of Remembering, Understanding, Applying, Analysing, Evaluating, and Creating of Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy by Lorin Anderson and David Krathwohl (2001). Thus, the findings allow to conclude that reading, vocabulary building, speaking, and listening tasks provided in the three ESP study books are designed to develop not only learners’ linguistic competences, but also their self-directedness. Cognitive value. Understanding the types of tasks that encourage learners to transition from low-order thinking skills to high-order thinking skills, which enables them to self-direct their learning, may be of fundamental importance in the studies of English for Specific Purposes.

The Cognitive Value of Introspection according to Kazimierz Twardowski

Kazimierz Twardowski attributed high cognitive value to introspection because he believed it plays a fundamental role in psychology, the primary philosophical discipline. He believed that basing philosophy on inner experience would allow it to obtain universal and justified results. Internal experience consists of perceiving one’s own mental facts; it is non-sensual and selfevident. Twardowski referred to introspection in his investigations in various ways, which is presented in the article.

Малознане дослідження історіософських поглядів Михайла Грушевського

The article aims put into scientifi c circulation in Ukrainian translation and to analyze the typewritten text of Stepan Levytsky «Historical and scientifi c activities of M. S. Hrushevsky in 1914–1930 and the evolution of his views on the development of Ukrainian history». The methodological basis of the research involves the complex analysis of historiographical facts, the use of archival heuristics, the analytical and synthetic critique of sources, considering the principles of historicism and objectivity. Its scientifi c novelty consists in the fi rst publishing of an annotated Ukrainian translation of Levytsky’s typewritten text «Historical and scientifi c activities of M. S. Hrushevsky in 1914–1930 and the evolution of his views on the development of Ukrainian history». Conclusions. It is noted that despite the mention of the author and place of the study, it has not yet been possible to identify the person of Levytsky. It is established that due to the content the published document is an unfi nished scientifi c study, because the author focused only on understanding the theoretical aspects of the creative activity of Hrushevsky during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Despite these circumstances, the published study has for researchers not only historiographical interest, but also considerable cognitive value, because it broached for the fi rst time henceforth topical subjects of Hrushevsky-Studies. Thus, it was Levytsky who fi rst among scholars clearly emphasized the inspiration of Hrushevsky’s theoretical ideas by Hegel’s historiosophy; drew attention to the marked infl uence of the revolutionary events of 1905 on his historiographical discourse; noted signifi cant methodological changes in the creative laboratory of the Lviv professor, starting from the 7th volume of «History of Ukraine-Rus’». It is recognized that many observations of Levytsky resonate with the conclusions of researchers of Hrushevsky’s historiosophy in the second half of the last century. Especially many historiographical parallels could be drawn with the key theses of the well-known article «Mykhailo Hrushevsky’s historiosophy» by O. Pritsak. It is concluded that the treatise of Levytsky, created in 1930, signifi cantly corrects the existing ideas about the temporal features of the theoretical Hrushevsky-Studies of the fi rst half of the 20th century.

Character Actualization of Hard Work

Character education should bring students to the introduction of cognitive values, appreciation of affective values, and absolute value experiences. However, the problem that often occurs is that some students have poor character. This study aims to analyze the character of hard work owned by students and the obstacles experienced in the realization of challenging work character education in schools. The method used in this study is a mixed-method. The sample used in this study amounted to 80 samples with a purposive sampling technique. The methods used in collecting data are observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The data collection instrument used a questionnaire sheet. The technique used to analyze the data is qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques. The study's results, namely the character of students' hard work, found that students had an average complex work character with good categories. Although at first, the educators admitted that they experienced obstacles such as laziness, boredom, and a sense of wanting to give up experienced by students. However, this can be overcome by providing support and motivation by educators in learning.

Recenzja monografii Kształcenie socjologów w uczelniach publicznych i niepublicznych w Polsce autorstwa Krystyny Leśniak-Moczuk

The subject of the review is a monograph focusing on looking for the causes and determinants of changes taking place in the education system of sociologists in Poland. In the publication, its author presented the results of theoretical analysis and conducted empirical research. The research is in-depth and consistent in a methodological sense, and the approach to the description, diagnosis and interpretation of the most important thematic problems is balanced. The paper presents the leading trends and dynamics of educating Polish sociologists in a comparative aspect, relating to public and private universities. The cognitive and application values of the monograph are the basis for the search for solutions increasing the importance of sociological education in Poland.

Relationships between Tourist Experiential Value and Ice-Snow Tourism Loyalty in Zhangjiakou City, and the Moderating Effects of Travel Companions

The successful bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics has provided a new opportunity for the popularization of ice-snow sports and making improvements in the efficiency of ice-snow tourism in China. Taking Zhangjiakou City in Hebei Province as the research object and using questionnaire analysis and the structural equation model (SEM), this paper examined several hypotheses of the relationship between tourist experiential value and tourist loyalty in the context of ice-snow tourism, and a mediation analysis was conducted to explore the moderating role of travel companions. The results show that: (1) The functional value, emotional value and social value have significant positive effects on tourist loyalty; (2) Tourist satisfaction is a partial mediator between functional value, emotional value, social value and tourist loyalty, and a full mediator between cognitive value and tourist loyalty; and (3) Travel companions play a significant moderating role in the influence of emotional value on tourist loyalty. Based on these findings, several suggestions are put forward for the high-quality development of ice-snow tourism in China, including developing ice-snow family tourism products, building an ice-snow brand with winter Olympics characteristics, constructing the ice-snow industrial system, and cultivating ice-snow culture.

Investigation of theEffect of Cognitive Values and Green External Motivation on Environmental Attitude

Investigation of theEffect of Cognitive Values and Green External Motivation on Environmental Attitude

Z problematyki formy czynności konwencjonalnych w prawie

The aim of the article is first of all an attempt to organize the ways of understanding the “form (of conventional actions in law)” and the contexts of the use of this term in detailed legal sciences. The author also considers the issue of performing conventional actions in law by non-linguistic actions and omissions, as well as the issue of significance of form ecognition in the context of identifying conventional actions in law. The results of the research presented in the paper (apart from their cognitive value) are to serve the development of the theoretical concept of conventional actions in law and, as far as possible, to put in order the dogmatic-legal discussion concerning the title issue.

Commentary on Fiction: A Philosophical Analysis, by Catharine Abell; and Imagining and Knowing: The Shape of Fiction, by Gregory Currie

Abstract Each of these books offers a richly developed and nuanced account of the nature of fiction. And each poses major challenges to a view about which there is a near-consensus. Catharine Abell draws on a theory of the institutions of fiction to advance a systematic re-envisioning of the metaphysics and epistemology of the contents of stories. Gregory Currie argues that fiction’s relationship to the imagination, and the way stories communicate their contents to readers, seriously undermine fiction’s cognitive values.

Propositions as Made of Words

I argue that the principal roles standardly envisaged for abstract propositions can be discharged to the sentences themselves (and similarly for the meanings or senses of words). I discuss: (1) Cognitive Value: Hesperus-Phosphorus; (2) Indirect Sense and Propositional Attitudes; (3) the Paradox of Analysis; (4) the Picture Theory of the Tractatus; (5) Syntactical Diagrams and Meaning; (6) Quantifying-in. (7) Patterns of Use. I end with comparisons with related views of the territory.

Artificial intelligence as the cognitive value of heuristic models

This article is devoted to heuristic modeling of the structure of interconnections in nano-, bio- and information technologies and in cyber-physical systems, graphic images of which allow studying the fine structure of information sources of various natures. It is shown here that the information content of models of the structure of interconnections of nano-, bio-, information technologies and components of cyber-physical systems is due to the use of a fractal triangle and logic. The current work harmonizes human-computer interaction through digital complementary methods for studying the structure of information sources of various natures, as well as using the circle of natural colors by I. Goethe and a new interpretation of the Star of David. Here we show that balanced conjugate triangles in heuristic models allow inversion of transition states of information sources of different nature. Static, dynamic and statistical generalized heuristic models are based on the balance of resources and the asymmetry of feedback between the elements of a complex dynamic system. Their relationship determines the variability of cyclic processes, and the complementarity of dynamic and statistical heuristic models is associated with the dualism of nature. A systematic analysis of explicit and hidden relationships in information flows of various natures opens up qualitatively new opportunities for a cognitive dialogue with nature and an understanding of reality. The complementarity of heuristic and cognitive models in the transdisciplinary cognitive space provides innovative potential for solving urgent problems of education, science and new technologies. This is especially important for the further development of artificial intelligence and the harmonization of human-computer interaction. In particular, online forecasting of the transient functional states of information sources of various nature under unforeseen conditions simplifies the interdisciplinary exchange of ideas, methods and technologies. Since the number of honeycomb structures in nature is two to three orders of magnitude greater than that of artificial models, their connection with the harmony of colors in nature contributes to the development of emotional intelligence, creating new opportunities for solving relevant security problems.

Planning for a Healthy Aging Program to Reduce Sedentary Behavior: Perceptions among Diverse Older Adults.

Reducing prolonged engagement in sedentary behavior is increasingly considered a viable pathway to older-adult health and continued functional ability. Community-based programs that aim to increase physical activity can improve programs’ acceptability by integrating older adults’ perspectives on sedentary behavior and healthy aging into their design. The purpose of this study was to better understand the perceptions of a diverse group of community-dwelling older adults regarding sedentary behavior and its influence on healthy aging. Six focus group discussions with forty-six participants took place across two senior centers in New York City. Self-report questionnaires about daily activity patterns, general health status, and typical sedentary behaviors were also completed by the participants and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The focus group discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using inductive and deductive approaches and an ecological framework to identify salient themes. A qualitative analysis revealed that the participants were aware of the physical costs of engaging in prolonged sedentary behavior. However, many routine sedentary activities were perceived to be health-promoting and of psychological, cognitive, or social value. The insights gained can inform the development of senior-center programs and health-promotion messaging strategies that aim to reduce older adults’ sedentary behavior.

REFLECTION OF THE COGNITIVE VALUE OF A POLITICAL ANALYST IN SATELLITE CHANNELS ON THE AUDIENCE A FIELD STUDY ON THE AUDIENCE OF BAGHDAD

Political analysis is based on a set of values and elements that pave the way for conclusions and expectations that are equivalent to predictions or future foresights in the consequences and results, to which the nature and composition of the political event that is the subject or material of political analysis leads. And political analysis, and those supporting frameworks and concepts have a direct expression of political savvy, and are naturally subject to considerations of interests and desires and not necessarily the expression of political theories, whether long-term, medium-term or short-term, which is always what the political analyst aspires to rely on and invest in. raq is one of the countries in which the media of its satellite channels has emerged, and in which a wave has appeared carrying large numbers of political analysts, who have demonstrated a clear presence, in dialogues and news bulletins, because the Arab media in its political programs highlights theorists, researchers, and observers of events, While it has become clear that there is an ideological political analysis, directed to certain purposes, and on the other hand, the observer hints, an independent and scientific professional analysis, that seeks to reveal the interactions of events and their incantations away from the influences of the powerful forces, the dominant ideologies, and the importance of this research was to identify the cognitive values that carried by the analyst and what he presents on satellite channels, as well as a statement of the role that falls on the shoulders of political analysts and academics, while the objectives of the research included knowing the pattern of the public’s follow-up to events, and the disclosure of the most prominent personalities preferred by the public in the process of political analysis, as well as the investigation of the most prominent cognitive values owned by the political analyst, and accordingly this research came to shed light on the repercussions of the knowledge value enjoyed by political analysts in the Iraqi satellite channels on the public and the extent of its impact on for them. Keywords: Reflection, Cognitive Value, Political Analyst.

Feelings and Scenes of Rural Homestay Inns in China: A Perspective of Service Encounter

As a new form of business, rural homestay inn is booming in China, boosting the transformation and upgrading of leisure tourism and promoting the sustainable development of rural tourism. This study firstly emphasizes the humanistic care in the service process through the content analysis of 30 short videos and the findings that such hotels highlight the word “warmth” in their marketing. Based on this, this study clarifies that in the Chinese context, encounter is essential for gaining warmth. Therefore, the study constructs a model with service encounter as the core concept and explores customer loyalty in rural homestay inns. A total of 450 questionnaires were distributed, of which, 407 were valid. In addition, descriptive statistical analysis, reliability test, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted on the collected questionnaires. Results show the following: (1) service encounter includes physical environment encounter, service personnel encounter, and other customer encounter; (2) experience value includes functional emotional and social cognitive values; (3) physical environment encounter and service personnel encounter significantly affect the experience value; (4) physical environment encounter and service personnel encounter significantly affect customer loyalty; and (5) functional emotional and social cognitive values positively affect customer loyalty, and social cognitive value affects more significantly. On this basis, this study introduces the following suggestions: (1) highlighting the characteristics of rural homestay inns and creating a unique cultural atmosphere, (2) paying attention to human care and deepening emotional communication, and (3) improving the customer experience to satisfy higher consumer demand.

The Wisdom of Wizards


 
 
 In this paper, I explore the cognitive value of fantasy literature. Using Immanuel Kant's and Jean-Paul Sartre's discussions of the imagination, and J.R.R. Tolkien's "On Fairy Stories,” I argue that fantasy literature is cognitively valuable when it confers phenomenal knowledge. I move on to demonstrate what a work of fantasy literature requires to confer this phenomenal knowledge. Fantasy literature has the potential to reveal true insights into this world when it brings the reader into a state of “secondary belief” and confers phenomenal knowledge through the union of world and story.
 
 

The Impact of Advertising Values on Impulsive and Compulsive Buying

The current study sought to fill a gap in the literature by examining how advertising’s affective and cognitive values influence compulsive purchasing on Instagram. To do so, we considered the roles of hedonic and utilitarian browsing and customer anxiety. To achieve the stated purpose of this study, an applied research method was utilized, and the data were collected through an online survey. To analyze the data, the structural equation modeling using partial least squares was applied. The results showed that advertising’s affective and cognitive values have an effect on hedonic and utilitarian browsing and, consequently, the urge to buy impulsively and compulsively. The findings also revealed that the customer anxiety was an influential variable for compulsive buying and an impressible variable for the urge to buy impulsively. This study may benefit entrepreneurs in the realm of transitional economies to attract customers by controlling environmental stimuli that influence customers’ Instagram searches and, ultimately, their buying behavior.

Learning from Literary Experience

Abstract According to a popular account, literary works can give a sense of the “inside” feel of various human experiences, literature thereby supplementing the external and objective perspective on the world that the different sciences aim at. This paper extends this understanding of literature's cognitive value, usually called “experiential knowledge,” with some key ideas of John Dewey's philosophy. It is argued that Dewey's general take on experience, as well as three of his central concepts—undergoing, inquiry, and growth—can significantly contribute to our understanding of how experiential knowledge emerges from literary engagements and of the general cognitive significance of this type of knowledge. A particularly important goal of the paper is to show, against some skeptics, that experiential knowledge can have genuine epistemic weight, despite its nonpropositional and subjective character. It is also argued that experiential knowledge does not require a complete overlap between real-world experiences and literary experiences, as one recent criticism assumes.

Cele mediacji a dobór i stosowanie strategii i technik mediacyjnych przez mediatorów w sporach cywilnych – sprawozdanie z badań (część II – ankiety)

Studies of understanding and identification of mediation objectives, strategies and techniques and the effectiveness of mediation proceedings are justified from the cognitive and practical perspectives. The aim of this paper is to present the report of an empirical study, devoted to the subject matter mentioned above, conducted by the author as part of the scientific activity financed by the Polish National Science Centre. The paper is complex in nature – it deals with the research, concept and methodological threads. The empirical study was conducted in Poland, with Polish mediators participating in it, providing mediation services mainly in one of the Mediation Centres operating at District Chambers of Legal Advisors, making up the National Network of Legal Advisor Mediation Centres. However, considering the universal and utilitarian nature of the issue in hand, the comparative potential, originality and cognitive value of the study findings may be of interest to both Polish and international scientists and practitioners of mediation as an amicable form of holistic legal dispute management. Given the scope and depth of the issues addressed, the article is divided into three parts. This text (part II) contains the findings of an empirical study, presented in the form of detailed data obtained by means of a survey questionnaire, followed by a brief discussion and the most important conclusions.