Cognitive Fit Research Articles

Enhancing Cognitive Fit: Exploring the Potential of Mixed Reality for Developing Mental Rotation Skills

Mixed Reality is a promising venue for spatial ability training, allowing participants to engage in problem-solving through gesture-based interactions with holographic objects. 3-D measurement of learning in Mixed Reality environments may result in a better cognitive fit than 2-D. This mixed-method study measures and enhances mental rotation ability and investigates user experience in Mixed Reality. To assess mental rotation ability, we adapted the Purdue Spatial Visualization Test:Rotation for Microsoft HoloLens 2, creating a measurement tool for our Mixed Reality-based training program, Holomental. Comparing 2-D and 3-D tests, we explored how stimulus dimensionality influences accuracy and cognitive load. Our findings indicate that Holomental enhances mental rotation performance, both in 2-D and 3-D. Cognitive load in the 3-D test was lower than in the 2-D test. Semi-structured interviews revealed participants’ appreciation for the representational and interactional affordances of the training environment. This study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of 3-D spatial training, with implications and suggestions for future design considerations.

Research On The Influence Of Online TeachingGenerated Content On The Learning Decision Process Of Students

In the online teaching environment, marketer-generated content (MGC) and user-generated content (UGC) have become the key information sources that influence students’ learning decisions. Although the academic community has paid considerable attention to this issue, the direct comparison of their roles in the learning decision process of students is still scarce. Therefore, based on cognitive fit theory, this study constructs a model of how online teaching-generated content types (i.e., MGC and UGC) jointly affect the learning decision process of students, and makes an in-depth discussion through empirical methods. The results show that MGC and UGC in the online teaching environment have significant effects on different stages (i.e., cognition, attitude, and learning decision) in the learning decision process of students. Furthermore, there are differences in the roles played by MGC and UGC at different stages. In addition, online course types have a moderating effect on the influence of online teaching-generated content on the learning decision process of students. This study not only enriches the theoretical discussion in the field of how generated content in the online teaching environment affects the learning decision process, but also provides practical suggestions for optimizing the design of online teaching courses

Daily Dynamics of Resting-State Electroencephalographic Theta and Gamma Fluctuations Are Associated With Cognitive Performance in Healthy Aging.

Healthy age-related cognitive changes are highly heterogeneous across individuals. This variability is increasingly explained through the lens of spontaneous fluctuations of brain activity, now considered a powerful index of age-related changes. However, brain activity is a biological process modulated by circadian rhythms, and how these fluctuations evolve throughout the day is under investigation. We analyzed data from 101 healthy late middle-aged participants from the Cognitive Fitness in Aging study (68 women and 33 men; aged 50-69 years). Participants completed 5 electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings of spontaneous resting-state activity on the same day. We used weighted phase-lag index (wPLI) analyses as an index of the functional synchrony between brain regions couplings, and we computed daily global PLI fluctuation rates of the 5 recordings to assess the association with cognitive performance and β-amyloid and tau/neuroinflammation pathological markers. We found that theta and gamma daily fluctuations in the salience-control executive internetwork (SN-CEN) are associated with distinct mechanisms underlying cognitive heterogeneity in aging. Higher levels of SN-CEN theta daily fluctuations appear to be deleterious for memory performance and were associated with higher tau/neuroinflammation rates. In contrast, higher levels of gamma daily fluctuations are positively associated with executive performance and were associated with lower rate of β-amyloid deposition. Thus, accounting for daily EEG fluctuations of brain activity contributes to a better understanding of subtle brain changes underlying individuals' cognitive performance in healthy aging. Results also provide arguments for considering the time of day when assessing cognition for old adults in a clinical context.

Neuropsychology and Politics Collide in the 2024 US Presdiential Election: Pitfalls of attacks on age, language, and memory.

Public perception of dementia has emerged as a key factor in the 2024 United States presidential election. The first televised presidential debate (27 June 2024) evoked a groundswell of concern about the neuropsychological health and political viability of President Joseph R. Biden, Jr. A rapid erosion of public support ensued, culminating in the collapse of the reelection campaign the following month. Political attacks on the cognitive fitness of world leaders create dissonance for clinical neuroscientists. We are ethically prohibited from remotely diagnosing public figures. Yet, we are also citizens with the right to feel and express personal concerns. In this commentary, I will address an often-uneasy relationship between politics and neuropsychology with a focus on the history and rationale for ethical guidelines such as the Goldwater Rule. I will also discuss lessons learned from recent events in the 2024 US election cycle about neurological health literacy (e.g. How is dementia diagnosed?) and broader impacts of age-based political attacks on global public health initiatives that target stigma reduction and improved early detection of dementia.

Guiding attention in flow-based conceptual models through consistent flow and pattern visibility

A critical part of flow-based conceptual modeling, such as process modeling, is visualizing the logical and temporal sequence in which activities in a process should be completed. While there are established standards and recommendations, there is limited empirical research examining the influence of process model layout on model comprehension. To address this research gap, we conducted a controlled eye-tracking experiment with 70 participants comparing different layouts. The experimental results confirm that the visibility of control flow patterns is critical for assisting users with visual processing, particularly attentional allocation, when comprehending process models for both local comprehension tasks and tasks requiring cognitive integration of model components. In models with more directional changes, users’ visual attention is more drawn to irrelevant regions, but comprehension is less affected as long as patterns remain visible. Our findings not only elucidate how cognitive fit between a visual representation and a task can manifest itself and the perceptual benefits it brings, but they can also guide the automated layout of models in tools and complement practical process modeling guidelines.

Assessing the efficacy and feasibility of emotional intelligence and stress management training for medical students within their third-year surgery clerkship

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of a cognitive fitness training (CFT) program on the development of emotional intelligence and stress management skills in medical students during their 3rd year surgery clerkship. MethodsMS3s (n ​= ​80) were randomized into a training or control group. The training group received CFT during their clerkship, the control group received online access afterwards. A cognitive fitness (CF) assessment was administered before and after the clerkship. ResultsThe training group demonstrated a significant improvement in cumulative assessment scores (126.4–146.5, p ​< ​0.0001) and most dimensions of CF assessment. Integration of the curriculum did not adversely impact performance on surgery NBME or surgery OSCE when compared to control (p ​> ​0.05). ConclusionsThe CFT provided to MS3s resulted in significant improvements in CF, including most subcategories. The CFT also did not have an adverse impact on academic performance indicating its feasibility within medical education curricula.

Examining presence in immersive virtual reality and website interfaces through the cognitive fit and cognitive load theories

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the effects of presence on users’ information processing in mediated visualizations using immersive virtual reality (VR) and websites, focusing on information understanding and cognitive load. The impact of user interfaces on users’ perception of presence is also tested.Design/methodology/approachA between-subjects laboratory experiment using two user interfaces – immersive VR and website – is carried out. It is complemented by a self-administered survey on the participants.FindingsThe current results indicate that an immersive VR interface improves tourists’ information processing by producing a heightened sense of presence. The results confirm that presence facilitates tourists’ information processing by increasing information understanding and decreasing cognitive load. Finally, a negative relationship between cognitive load and information understanding is obtained.Practical implicationsVR user interfaces are not only visually appealing but also cognitively optimized. Immersive VR devices can be introduced in the specific sale process of cruise trips through both offline channels (physical stores and travel agencies) and online channels to facilitate tourists’ information processing during the prepurchase phase.Originality/valueThe primary contribution lies in the integration of the theory of presence with two influential information processing frameworks, namely, cognitive load theory and cognitive fit theory. This integration provides a holistic perspective on how user interfaces influence consumer information processing in the unique context of cruise tourism, particularly during the stage of a prepurchase information search.

SleepSync: Early Testing of a Personalised Sleep-Wake Management Smartphone Application for Improving Sleep and Cognitive Fitness in Defence Shift Workers.

Shift work, long work hours, and operational tasks contribute to sleep and circadian disruption in defence personnel, with profound impacts on cognition. To address this, a digital technology, the SleepSync app, was designed for use in defence. A pre-post design study was undertaken to examine whether four weeks app use improved sleep and cognitive fitness (high performance neurocognition) in a cohort of shift workers from the Royal Australian Air Force. In total, 13 of approximately 20 shift-working personnel from one base volunteered for the study. Sleep outcomes were assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), Sleep Disturbance and Sleep-Related Impairment Scales, the Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale, the Sleep Hygiene Index, and mental health was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21. Sustained attention was measured using the 3-min Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) and controlled response using the NBack. Results showed significant improvements in insomnia (ISI scores 10.31 at baseline and 7.50 after app use), sleep-related impairments (SRI T-scores 53.03 at baseline to 46.75 post-app use), and healthy sleep practices (SHI scores 21.61 at baseline to 18.83 post-app use; all p < 0.001). Trends for improvement were recorded for depression. NBack incorrect responses reduced significantly (9.36 at baseline; reduced by -3.87 at last week of app use, p < 0.001), but no other objective measures improved. These findings suggest that SleepSync may improve sleep and positively enhance cognitive fitness but warrants further investigation in large samples. Randomised control trials with other cohorts of defence personnel are needed to confirm the utility of this intervention in defence settings.

Joint advertising: the impact of domestic, foreign, and global partners on cognitive fit

PurposeJoint advertising is an emerging strategy where marketers promote both brands in the same marketing communication. This research determines how the domestic, foreign, or global nature of the partner impacts important brand-related outcomes and identifies underlying psychological process mechanisms and contextual variables that affect this relationship.Design/methodology/approachAcross three experiments, we investigate how the type of joint advertising partner impacts consumer attitudes and behaviors. We establish the number of similarities between the partners and perceived cognitive fit as the mediating process mechanisms underlying this relationship, with holistic processing moderating the effect.FindingsWe find that when consumers are exposed to joint advertisements between domestic or global [foreign] brands, they will be able to generate more [fewer] similarities between the partners and perceive a stronger [weaker] cognitive fit. Moreover, these similarities interact with consumer cultural traits related to holistic processing style to differentially influence perceived cognitive fit and downstream consumer attitudes and behaviors.Originality/valuePartnering for mutually beneficial, joint advertisements is a growing phenomenon that redefines traditional thinking about advertising, but the success of the joint advertisement is contingent upon the characteristics and compatibility of the partners.

Cognitive Fitness: Harnessing the Strength of Exerkines for Aging and Metabolic Challenges.

Addressing cognitive impairment (CI) represents a significant global challenge in health and social care. Evidence suggests that aging and metabolic disorders increase the risk of CI, yet promisingly, physical exercise has been identified as a potential ameliorative factor. Specifically, there is a growing understanding that exercise-induced cognitive improvement may be mediated by molecules known as exerkines. This review delves into the potential impact of aging and metabolic disorders on CI, elucidating the mechanisms through which various exerkines may bolster cognitive function in this context. Additionally, the discussion extends to the role of exerkines in facilitating stem cell mobilization, offering a potential avenue for improving cognitive impairment.

Influence Artificial Intelligence To Customer Experiences (Study On DRAIV Users in Tual, Maluku)

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology gives marketers the ability to identify differences between consumers, understand various personas, and understand the factors that drive consumers to make purchasing decisions. Therefore, marketers use Artificial Intelligence to recognize and predict consumer habits. Information obtained from AI, marketers can provide a special experience for each consumer. The objective of this study is to determine and measure the impact of AI on customer experience using simple regression analysis. There are four AI indicators analyzed, namely mechanical intelligence, analytical intelligence, intuitive intelligence, and empathetic intelligence. In addition, there are four dimensions of customer experience that are evaluated, namely immersion, flow, cognitive fit, and emotional fit. From the results of observations of 116 people, it was concluded that Artificial Intelligence and Draiv's customer experience received a positive assessment, and Artificial Intelligence had a significant effect on customer experience.

A Study of Older Adults’ Satisfaction with Chat Assistant

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, intelligent question and answer systems such as Chat Assistant are increasingly used in daily life. However, as a special category of user group, the cognitive fitness and satisfaction assessment of elderly people to such intelligent systems have not been sufficiently studied yet. The purpose of this study is to explore the cognitive fitness and satisfaction of older adults with Chat Assistant Q&amp;A results, in order to provide a basis for improving the design of these systems and enhancing the user experience of older adults. To this end, this paper provides an in-depth study of older adults’ use of technology by designing and distributing a questionnaire. Analytical methods such as the ACSI indicator model and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used to explore the relationship between satisfaction and various factors, thereby providing valuable guidance to help improve and optimize the Chat Assistant system.

Investigating the impact of representation features on decision model comprehension

ABSTRACT Decision models play an important role in various areas of information systems research, including system analysis and design, compliance management, and various application domains. Decision models must be effectively presented so that analysts can assure their correctness and completeness. So far, empirical research on the cognitive effectiveness of decision models has provided partially inconclusive results. Our paper provides novel insights into the drivers of decision model comprehension by moving from a classification based on representation archetypes to granular representation features. Using an experimental research design, we discover that the decision model type must be assessed in conjunction with other representational factors, such as representation structure (expanded vs. frugal) and representation design (monochromatic vs. colours). In this way, we extend prior arguments of cognitive fit theory by demonstrating that colour can be used to compensate for a misfit of decision model and task, and structural features can further increase model comprehension. We further studied the root causes of the observed effects by using eye-tracking. Our findings have implications for both cognitive information systems research and practice, as they can be used to guide decision model users and tool vendors.

How about non-human tour guides? The influence of AI tour guides’ dress and conversation style on the intention of consumers to continue using them

ABSTRACT Based on the cognitive fit theory, this study constructs a model to examine the impact mechanism of AI tour guides’ visual and linguistic cues on consumers’ intentions to continue using them. Two experiments are conducted to validate this model. The results showed that when an AI tour guide is dressed formally and informally, a competent and warm conversational style, respectively, enhances consumers’ intention to continue using them. Identity identification and para-social interaction play partial mediating roles and jointly play a chain-mediating role in the above relationships. Additionally, this study also examines the role of conversational form (text vs. voice).

The role of knowledge boundary resources for platform ecosystems – insights and design implications from SAP's Business Technology Platform

Platform ecosystems shift the locus of innovation from internal departments to third‐party developers, leading to knowledge boundaries between the platform owner and these external developers. Whereas traditional knowledge management approaches focus on intra‐organizational knowledge sharing, platform owners have to adopt an inter‐organizational approach to integrate knowledge across firm boundaries. Platform owners thus rely on knowledge boundary resources such as technical documentation, information portals, training materials, sample code, blogs, and online communities to overcome knowledge boundaries in their ecosystems. Existing research has identified different types of knowledge boundaries and knowledge boundary resources, but further research is needed to clarify how they influence third‐party application development. Against this background, we study how third‐party developers integrate knowledge boundary resources into their development practices. To derive an in‐depth understanding of the phenomenon, we used cognitive fit theory and conducted a single case study of SAP's Business Technology Platform. Based on 23 interviews, we developed a process model and distilled two primary purposes why third‐party developers use knowledge boundary resources: learning and problem‐solving. Based on these purposes, we explain the emergence of a knowledge boundary resource‐purpose fit that shapes the selection, evaluation, and usage of knowledge boundary resources. We then draw upon various knowledge boundary resource characteristics to condense four cases with a particularly favorable knowledge boundary resource‐purpose fit. Based on our results, we derive five propositions to help platform owners design effective knowledge boundary resources.

Cognitive Fitness of Post-Retirement Employees in Control Room Settings

The increasing number of post-retirement workers in the workforce has become a global trend due to efforts to extend the working period after retirement, which is implemented by many countries considering the rapid aging of their populations. While the presence of post-retirement workers can have positive impacts on personal, company, and government levels, they face challenges in interacting with equipment through interfaces that require heavy reliance on cognitive abilities. Cognitive abilities become more important than physical abilities in multitasking jobs that require a lot of interaction with technology, such as control room jobs. These jobs require a high level of attention, concentration, and decision-making ability, making them highly demanding and challenging. This study aims to determine how post-retirement workers meet job demands in the control room, based on identification of critical cognitive abilities. The method employed in this study is divided into two stages. The first stage involves identifying tasks in the control room based on Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) and identifying critical tasks using risk assessment and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). FGD was conducted on four different types of companies (telecommunication, broadcasting, process industry, and electrical power) that still employ retired workers in the control room jobs. The second stage involves measuring cognitive abilities in 116 individuals aged 56-60 years. The results of CTA indicate there are critical cognitive abilities in control room jobs, such as reasoning, attention, memory, and perception ability. According to the measurement, post-retirement workers (56 - 60 years old) had the problem of improving reasoning, attention, and perceptive ability, despite cognitive capacity measurements remaining in the medium range. In general, post-retirement workers have high memory abilities (above 500), while their abilities in recognition, perception, coordination, and attention are only at 200-400 (a medium level), indicating a decline in cognitive abilities for post-retirement workers. The high memory ability is positive for supporting work in complex systems, while improvement of cognitive abilities is needed for the declining cognitive aspects. Implication of this study were discuss to this paper to consider factors that affect critical cognitive abilities in post-retirement workers when recruiting and training them to work in the control room. &#x0D; &#x0D; Received: 7 May 2023 / Accepted: 28 July 2023 / Published: 5 September 2023

A Review on Natural Nootropic Medicines and Their Potential Human Health Benefits

Nootropics, often known as smart agents or supplements that improve cognitive ability. They operate by improving cognitive abilities such as memory, creativity, motivation, and concentration. Recent studies have focused on a natural nootropics. The effects of nootropics on the brain have been extensively researched. These influences brain functioning via a variety of methods or routes, such as the dopaminergic system. Previous studies have found that nootropics can help treat memory illnesses like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington’s. These illnesses have been shown to disrupt the same nootropic pathways. Natural nootropics have been extensively researched to support their therapeutic effects. The current study found that rising interest in brain health and productivity has resulted in the development of a various types of synthetic supplements, but not all of these chemicals are without risk. Natural nootropics are a far healthier and safer option to many synthetic nootropics, which may have adverse effects. These types of substances have a wide range of benefits and cognitive fitness, whether it's improving mental performance, lowering the risk of disease, or increasing resilience to stress. Understanding how to include these types of supplements into daily life and can help us have a better understanding of our fitness.

Effects of Multimodal Physical and Cognitive Fitness Training on Sustaining Mental Health and Job Readiness in a Military Cohort

Drawing on the emerging area of workplace sustainability, this study sought to measure the effects of multimodal physical and cognitive fitness training on sustaining mental health and job readiness via impacts on subjective burnout, mental wellbeing, and resilience in a military cohort. Volunteer participants were block randomised into either a standard 4-week resilient mind program (RMP) intervention or an RMP combined with self-paced functional imagery practice (RMP+FI). Self-reported burnout, mental wellbeing, and resilience were measured at baseline and at the end of the 4-week intervention using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and the World Health Organization’s WHO-5 Well-Being Index (WHO-5), respectively. A total of 78 participants were enrolled in the study and 72 (92%) completed the program. Repeated measures ANOVAs showed significant effects of the RMP intervention, with both the RMP and RMP+FI groups reporting improved resilience (F(1, 70) = 13.08, p &lt; 0.001, partial ω2 = 0.00086) and mental wellbeing (F(1, 70) = 41.86, p &lt; 0.001, partial ω2 = 0.36). Both groups also reported improved burnout markers for professional efficacy (F(1, 70) = 6.25, p &lt; 0.002, partial ω2 = 0.02), as well as reduced emotional exhaustion (F(1, 70) = 31.84, p &lt; 0.001, partial ω2 = 0.02) and job cynicism (F(1, 70) = 8.80, p &lt; 0.005, partial ω2 = 0.005). The FI practice produced no significant improvement in the RMP-only condition. Our results support the efficacy of RMP intervention in reducing burnout symptoms and improving self-reported mental wellbeing and resilience in a cohort of serving Navy aviators.

Scale Development for COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy by Integration of Socio-Demographic and Psychological Factors.

Vaccination is the most cost-effective way to maintain population health. However, it can only be effective if widespread acceptance is held. The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines depends on their favor. When countries start to vaccinate their citizens, there is a certain level of skepticism about the effectiveness of the vaccines. The hesitancy study on vaccines has gained momentum following the pandemic. However, few studies have examined the link between the psychological and sociodemographic factors influencing the fit. This paper proposes integrating the concepts of the information systems success and stimulus-organism-response into a cognitive fit theory framework to explore the integration of psychological and sociodemographic factors in the receivers' reactions (n = 1510). This study analyses the factors that influence the hesitancy of vaccines and the public's refusal in Asia and Europe. Receivers' reactions were assessed to various stimuli and we explored the link between psychological and sociodemographic elements and the concept of fit. Two surveys were conducted following the scale development of Mackenzie. The first was to develop the fit scale, while the second was to validate the fit scale. The results of the second survey were analyzed using structural equation modelling. The results indicate that the scale's fit development is valid and reliable. The quality of the vaccine information, the psychological characteristics of the vaccine system, and vaccine receivers' satisfaction are also beneficial factors for emotional and cognitive fit. Maintaining the vaccines' quality and efficiency can help improve the fit between sociodemographic and psychological characteristics. It can also enhance receivers' satisfaction and encourage continued vaccine administration. This study is regarded as one of the first to examine and develop an emotional and cognitive fit scale for practitioners and researchers.

Association between personality traits, leisure activities, and cognitive levels and decline across 12 years in older adults.

The engagement in cognitively stimulating activities has been found to be associated with slower rates of cognitive decline in old age. In which type of activities people engage in may depend on their personality traits, which thus might have an impact on later cognitive fitness. To study these potential links, we examined the associations between Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness; different types of leisure activities (e.g., social, mental, physical); and cognitive ability levels and decline in older adults. Analyses were based on a sample of young-old (60-72 years old; n = 1,609) and old-old (78 years or older; n = 1,085) adults from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen, who participated in up to five repeated measurements of cognitive abilities spanning 12 years. We used latent growth curve models to estimate cognitive levels and decline, as well as the correlations with initial personality trait levels and leisure activity engagement. In both groups, lower Neuroticism, higher Extraversion, and higher Openness levels were moderately associated with stronger engagement in all types of activities. Lower Neuroticism, higher Extraversion, and a more activity lifestyle were weakly to moderately associated with slower cognitive decline in the old-old age group. There, personality traits and activities explained 9.3% of the variance in cognitive decline after controlling for age, sex, education, and chronic diseases (which explained 9.0%). Taken together, this study provides further evidence for the connection between personality traits, activity engagement, and later cognitive decline in old age. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).