Cognitive Compatibility Research Articles

Freudian Trivialization of the Characters’ Problematic and Traumatic Death Drive in After Death and Aurora Leigh

With respect to the Freudian psychanalytical meditation on the complicated minds of the vivid characters depicted in the introspective and instructive production of Christina Rossetti’s After Death (1866), and, Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Aurora Leigh (1856), it has come to the minds of an increasing number of experienced readers that it takes them to think much more of the crucial connection of the theoretical insights carried in Freudian death drive and the particular development of the perceptive and cognitive potentialities of the characters depicted in the symbolic and strategic characterization of those two poems produced for the evident, authentic, and, essential revelation of their unconscious minds as mirrored in the insightful and ingenuous trivialization of the problematic and traumatic thoughts and actions of the characters of those two poetic texts to be read in line with what has been manifested in the reliable visualization and narrativization quite conducive for the euphemistic purification and pacification of the peaceful and painful minds instilled into the interweavement of the crucial narrative facts and narrative events valuable for the representation of the mindsets of those who have been symbolized in the poeticization of the social thoughts and actions of those who have lived and worked in Victorian age. However, what seems to be quite pitiful in the critical and crucial valuation, evaluation, and revaluation of the rather high perceptive and cognitive compatibility epitomized in the essential and evident elaboration of the unvisited perceptive and cognitive microcosm of those characters, is, that the critical attention of most literary scholars has seldom been paid to the intentional trivialization of the true physical and spiritual mishaps those characters have suffered from in their lives and experiences. To have a much better understanding of their strong intrinsic perceptive and cognitive inclination, this essay will make an exploration of the characters’ similar death drive trivialized in the euphemistic figuration, configuration, and, transfiguration of their problematic and traumatic misfortunes of those miserable characters indebted to the theoretical enlightenment acquirable from the aggression, repetition, compulsion, and, self-destructiveness in the elaboration of Freudian death drive.

PENGARUH E-SERVICE QUALITY, E-TRUST DAN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TERHADAP NASABAH EXPERIENCE PENGGUNA APLIKASI BRIMO

This research aims to examine the effect of e-service quality, e-trust and artificial intelligence on the customer experience using the BRImo app in the DKI Jakarta area in 2022. This type of research is quantitative with the multiple regression analysis method using the SPSS tool. Based on the results of research on 100 respondents with a Likert scale of 1-4, it shows that e-service quality consists of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles. E-trust, which consists of ability, benevolence, and integrity. Artificial intelligence which consists of mechanical intelligence, analytical intelligence, intuitive intelligence, and empathetic intelligence. These three variables have a significant influence on the Nasabah experience, which consists of immersion, flow, cognitive compatibility, and emotional compatibility. As a result, a higher level of nasabah experience will increase nasabah intensity when using the BRImo app.

Cognitive compatibility in modern manual mixed-model assembly systems

The compatibility concept is widely used in psychology and ergonomics. It describes the fit between elements of a sociotechnical system which is a prerequisite to successfully cooperate towards a common goal. For at least three decades, cognitive compatibility is of increasing importance. It describes the fit of externally presented information, information processing, and the required motor action. However, with increasing system complexity, probability for incompatibility increases, too, leading to time losses, errors and overall degraded performance. The elimination of cognitive incompatibilities through ergonomic measures at the workplace requires a lot of creativity and effort. Using practical examples from mixed-model assembly, improved information management and the use of informational assistance systems are discussed as promising ergonomic approaches. The ultimate goal is to avoid cognitive overload, for example in part picking or assembly tools choosing. To find a fit between externally mediated work instructions via displays and the subjectively used internal models and competencies is a challenging task. Only if this fit is given the system is perceived as beneficial. To achieve this, the assistance system should be configurable to fit individual needs as far as possible. Successful system design requires early participation and comprehensive integration of the assistance systems into the existing IT infrastructure.Practical relevance: Varied manual assembly requires a high degree of cognitive work. A rise in complexity of the assembly task increases the risk that cognitive incompatibility and thus cognitive overload will occur more frequently. It is shown that such unhealthy conditions can be countered by better information presentation and by the use of individually adaptable informational assistance systems.

The tragic in Greek drama and conceptual blending

Abstract This paper examines the tragic sense permeating ancient Greek drama as a product of a special type of conceptual integration between two antithetic mental spaces, which prompts the simultaneous generation of two mutually exclusive emergent structures. The special tragic sense generated carries along the inferences of two equally impossible situations. The key-difference between this type of blend and other counterfactuals is argued to be found in the lack of reference scenario in the blend. In the context of theatrical enactment, the realisation of this special type of antithetic blend is based on the frame-clash between conceived and enacted space, matched by the emotions of pity and fear, respectively. The feeling of catharsis that follows the end of the play is analysed as a second level blend within the emergent structure that leads to the restoration of a single common space of cognitive compatibility between actors and audience.

Disentangling sensorimotor and cognitive cardioafferent effects: A cardiac-cycle-time study on spatial stimulus-response compatibility

Cardiac-cycle-time effects are attributed to variations in baroreceptor (BR) activity and have been shown to impinge on subcortical as well as cortical processes. However, cognitive and sensorimotor processes mediating voluntary responses seem to be differentially affected. We sought to disentangle cardiac-cycle-time effects on subcortical and cortical levels as well as sensorimotor and cognitive processes within a spatial stimulus-response-compatibility paradigm employing startling stimuli of different modalities. Air-puffs and white noise-bursts were presented unilaterally during either cardiac systole or diastole while bilateral startle EMG responses were recorded. Modality, laterality and cardiac-cycle-time were randomly varied within-subjects. Cognitive and sensorimotor stimulus-response-compatibility was orthogonally varied between-subjects: Participants (N = 80) responded to the stimuli via left/right button-push made with either the contra- or ipsilateral hand (sensorimotor compatibility) on either the ipsi- or contralateral button (cognitive compatibility). We found that sensorimotor compatible reactions were speeded during systole whereas sensorimotor incompatible ones were prolonged. This effect was independent of cognitive compatibility and restricted to auditory stimuli. Startle was inhibited during systole irrespective of modality or compatibility. Our results demonstrate how differential cardiac-cycle-time effects influence performance in conflict tasks and further suggest that stimulus-response-compatibility paradigms offer a viable method to uncover the complex interactions underlying behavioral BR effects.

Effectiveness of Generative Learning Strategy for Those with cognitive Style (Risk/caution) in the cognitive Achievement and Motor compatibility and Learning the Reception Skill (Pass) of The Student in Volleyball

Generative learning strategy of those with cognitive risk style vs. caution has contributed to develop the cognitive achievement lesser than the followed strategy.

Principles for Designing Interfaces Compatible With Human Information Processing

Stimulus–response compatibility has been a staple of human factors since the early 1950s, when it was established by Paul Fitts, one of the founders of human factors. The importance of maintaining spatial compatibility is indicated in textbooks, but maintaining compatibility in design is not a simple task, because there are many factors that need to be taken into consideration. This article focuses on spatial compatibility and the more recently investigated affective compatibility, highlighting their implications for human–computer interaction. An overview of other cognitive compatibility principles and examples of their use in human–computer interaction is also provided. Advanced technology has increased the need for systematic consideration of compatibility phenomena in user interface design, and the article ends with a summary of key points for designers.

Exploiting TRIZ Tools in Interaction Design

Current market laws ask for new product development methods and tools dealing with both technological and interaction related issues. Starting from this, the research described in this paper aims at finding and exploiting some TRIZ tools in interaction design field of practice. TRIZ theory offers well defined and structured methods and tools, and allows generation of generic guidelines for innovative design of a huge variety of products. Interaction design focuses on studying and developing a correct interaction between users and products, in order to maximize cognitive compatibility. Real goal of this research is developing a new design method where systematic approach to innovation of TRIZ compensates for some lacks of the user centered interaction design process. Starting from similarities and differences between tools currently used in these two domains, the research considers the TRIZ thirty-nine features, the forty inventive principles, and the contradiction matrix. These elements are adapted to the requirements of the interaction design field of practice, obeying to classic usability rules.These new elements contribute to the definition and development of a new design framework named interaction design guidelines - IDGL. The effectiveness of these elements has started to be tested in a case study focused on the interaction design of a new DVD recorder.

A Cognitive Interpretation of Data Analysis

SummaryThis paper proposes a scientific model to explain the analysis process. We argue that data analysis is primarily a procedure to build understanding, and as such, it dovetails with the cognitive processes of the human mind. Data analysis tasks closely resemble the cognitive process known as sensemaking. We demonstrate how data analysis is a sensemaking task adapted to use quantitative data. This identification highlights a universal structure within data analysis activities and provides a foundation for a theory of data analysis. The competing tensions of cognitive compatibility and scientific rigour create a series of problems that characterise the data analysis process. These problems form a useful organising model for the data analysis task while allowing methods to remain flexible and situation dependent. The insights of this model are especially helpful for consultants, applied statisticians and teachers of data analysis.

Effect of Visual Attention on Hazard Detection and Its Influencing Mechanism

Effective visual attention is crucial for drivers to search and detect the potential hazard in driving. By analyzing the effect of visual attention on hazard detection, we proposed situation awareness hypothesis and mental workload hypothesis. The former hypothesis pointed out that the quality of situation awareness determined the flexibility of drivers' visual scanning pattern, thereby affecting hazard detection. While the later hypothesis highlighted that when the drivers' mental workload increased, their visual attention tended to concentrate, reducing the possibility of detecting a hazard. In the future, more attention should be paid to comparing the difference of cognitive compatibility of situation awareness among different road users, and applying vehicle automation technology to reduce drivers' mental workload as well as how to distinguish the effect of situation awareness and mental workload at the same time.

Cognitive compatibility of motorcyclists and car drivers

Incompatibility between different types of road user is a problem that previous research has shown to be resistant to a range of interventions. Cars and motorcycles are particularly prone to this. Insight is provided in this paper by a naturalistic method using concurrent verbal protocols and an automatic, highly reliable semantic network creation tool. The method shows how the same road situation is interpreted differently by car drivers and motorcyclists in ways congruent with wider accident rates. Analysis of the structure and content of the semantic networks reveals a greater degree of cognitive compatibility on faster roads such as motorways, but evidence of more critical incompatibilities on country roads and junctions. Both of these road types are implicated in helping to activate cognitive schema which in turn generate stereotypical behaviors unfavourable to the anticipation of motorcyclists by car drivers. The results are discussed in terms of practical measures such as road signs which warn of events behind as well as in front, cross-mode training and the concept of route driveability.

Unravelling the human side of the board: the role of motivational and cognitive compatibility in board decision making

This paper unravels the human side of board behaviour by focusing on the way in which the cognitive and motivational compatibility of board members affects cooperative board decision making. On the one hand we examine the cognitive (dis-) similarities of board members that influence board members' ability to cooperate and, on the other, we discuss board members' intrinsically- and/or extrinsically-dominated motivational patterns that determine their willingness to cooperate. We link board members' ability and willingness to cooperate to the board's decision-making process and show that motivational as well as cognitive compatibility are of critical importance for achieving cooperative board decision making.

Electromagnetic environment and telecommunications: towards a cognitive electromagnetic compatibility

Abstract This article deals with the electromagnetic environment management problem within the context of high speed digital transmissions deployed in wired telecommunication networks. Traditionally, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is assured by filtering for better electromagnetic immunity, and by cable shielding for emission limitation. However, like cognitive radio, we can also, for high speed wired transmissions, treat the EMC as an intelligent and autonomous system capable of perceiving its environment, interpreting it, making suited decisions, and reacting according to the constraints related to the electromagnetic environment. In this context, some application examples are here given in order to illustrate this evolution towards a cognitive EMC in wired networks. To cite this article: A. Zeddam et al., C. R. Physique 10 (2009).

A computerized tool to evaluate the cognitive compatibility of the emergency operational procedures task flow

Nuclear power production is a safety-critical process where ultimate decisions lie with the operators. During postulated incidents and accidents, operators rely on emergency operational procedures (EOPs), which are the most used decision support tool. In this research we present a method to develop a computerized tool, based on the ACT-R cognitive architecture, to evaluate the logical task flow in the EOPs, verifying if the timing assumptions for operator's actions contained in the procedure scripts can be accomplished by the human operators. We apply the tool to model the nuclear power plant (NPP) operator crew tasks during a Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) simulation. To validate the procedural scripts, the tool calculates the time intervals that operators need to accomplish actions and compare these time intervals with the plant dynamic behavior during the evolution of the accident. The tool proved to be an adequate way to validate the logical task flow of the EOP analyzed, showing that operators have enough time to execute their actions and an adequate waiting (free) time between some of their actions. The developed tool provides a low cost alternative solution for NPPs owners and regulatory bodies to validate the logical task flow and quality issues of the hundreds of NPPs procedures.

Changing paradigms for professional engineering practice towards safe design—an Australian perspective

Engineers have a duty of care to end users of the systems they design under current statutes and at common law. Considerations such as cognitive compatibility and usability of equipment and system design are becoming issues of increasing importance, as society becomes more reliant on information technology and automation. That engineers contribute to human error in these systems through latent design error and poor management decision-making is well documented. Therefore, the role of engineers can be considered integral to positive outcomes in workplace safety. This research offers an opportunity to understand why engineering design work may be contributing to human error on part of the operator, and offers hope toward a future when engineers will embrace safe design principles. This cross sectional study examines the relationship between professional engineering education and ergonomics. This research specifically addresses the attitudes of engineers to the inclusion of ergonomic principles in engineering practice and in undergraduate engineering curriculum. It was found that the surveyed members of the Australasian Association for Engineering Education (AAEE) had a positive attitude toward the inclusion of ergonomic principles in their design practice. The intensity of their attitude was more positive if they had some previous exposure to ergonomic training. At present few engineering faculties systematically include ergonomic principles in their design courses. The most encouraging finding was the overwhelming support for the inclusion of ergonomic principles in undergraduate engineering curriculum. This finding was complimented by current literature suggesting a changing engineering paradigm, one that would facilitate and embrace these concepts, encouraging promotion of sustainable engineering design well into the future.

A developed model of expert system interface (DMESI)

Cognitive compatibility plays an important role in the development of the human–computer interface. A good user interface will lead to better user/expert system interaction and task performance. In this study, we examined what and how cognitive types affect problem-solving and analyzed the theoretical development of the relationship between human cognition and the use of intelligent machines in the domain of maintenance. The implementation of the knowledge acquisition (KA) presented the development process of the maintenance protocol which derived from using ICAM DEFinition0 (IDEF0) and Data Flow Diagram (DFD). From the maintenance process modeling, the formal representation of what the user does with the resulting interface can be defined. The knowledge base of the system is represented by a fault decision tree diagram, and is incorporated to communicate between the maintainers and the computer. Furthermore, we also evaluated and compared the effectiveness of expert system interface with the traditional maintenance handbook. As a case study, a fault recovery expert system for the Maintenance Department of the diesel engine bus system of Taipei City has been developed. Findings of the study have important implications in expert system interface design, including the specific features of changeability, traceability, plenitude, and qualitative description in this maintenance area.

Improvement of tactical situation awareness with colour-coded horizontal-situation displays in combat aircraft

In the multi-role combat aircraft Gripen, the monochrome head-down displays in the cockpit are to be upgraded in colour. In the present study, the effects of colour-coded displays on visual search and situation awareness (SA) were studied in a real-time simulation of an air-to-air mission with test pilots as subjects. Gripen's monochrome colour scheme was compared to two chromatic (dichrome, polychrome) colour schemes. A 3×2×2 factorial within subjects design was used; the three colour schemes each with two different background conditions (simple and complex) and two different symbol configurations. The pilot had two tasks during the simulation: (1) to track a manoeuvring aircraft within specified limits by using the head-up display (HUD), and (2) to detect the appearance of a priority target on the head-down horizontal-situation display (HSD). Deviations in flight path angle and reaction times for target detection were recorded. After the test runs, the pilot answered questions and ranked the colour schemes in different respects. The pilot also rated them for SA using a subjective rating technique on cognitive compatibility (CC-SART). The results show that colour is advantageous in comparison to the monochrome display: The ranks on situation awareness and preference ratings were higher for the chromatic schemes, and with the complex background, the reaction times were significantly lower for the polychrome colour code. In summary, the results indicate that colour can improve tactical SA in combat aircraft.

PTA: Perceptual Control Theory Based Task Analysis

Task Analysis is a fundamental tool for analyzing human-machine systems, and has been applied in major aircraft projects supporting the Canadian Forces. The literature describes many task analysis methods under two major categories: behavioral and cognitive task analysis. This paper proposes a new task analysis based on Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) called PTA that encompasses all other analyses. PTA adopts an ego-centric approach, analyses goals and feedback, determines the cognitive compatibility, and specifies information requirements for interface and/or systems design. PTA was applied to a portion of a Coastal Patrol Aircraft task analysis. It was found that PTA provides a unified analysis, makes goals and feedback explicit, and provides a method for assessing cognitive compatibility.

Explorations in context space: Words, sentences, discourse

Deriving representations of meaning, whether at the word, the sentence, or the discourse level, is a problem with a long history in cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics. In this article, we describe a computational model of high‐dimensional context space, the Hyperspace Analog to Language (HAL), and present simulation evidence that HAL's vector representations can provide sufficient information to make semantic, grammatical, and abstract distinctions. Human participants were able to use the context neighborhoods that HAL generates to match words with similar items and to derive the word (or a similar word) from the neighborhood, thus demonstrating the cognitive compatibility of the representations with human processing. An experiment exploring the meaning of agent‐ and patient‐oriented verbs provided the context for discussing how the connotative aspects of word neighborhoods could provide cues in establishing a discourse model. Using the vector representations to build a sentence‐level representation was attempted, but the results were not promising. This limitation of the representations is presented in the context of other similar models that have been more effective. A final set of experiments explored the nature of verbs and verb instruments, and we introduce a new methodology that extracts conceptual intersections from the high‐dimensional context space.

Symposium on Cognitive Compatibility of Aircraft Displays: A New Approach to an Old Problem

Although the design of the interface in aircraft cockpits has long been recognised as an area requiring the application of Human Factors knowledge, relatively little progress has been made in the development of formal methods to support such a design process. The design cycle has tended to be based around the iterative prototyping and testing of candidate solutions, rather than the application of a priori design rules. Such an approach is sub-optimal since it relies on the utility of the initial candidate designs being correct. The approach can be likened to chamfering the corners of a square wheel, rather than specifying in advance that wheels should be round. It is also a relatively expensive and time consuming method of design since for each new display the whole process needs to be repeated, with little transfer from previous displays. This symposium presents an alternative approach to interface design through the generation of a priori design rules that will specify the cognitive compatibility (i.e. the compatibility of display representations and organisations with the inherent cognitive abilities and skills of the user) of display solutions. The papers in the symposium will describe a number of studies where the results were used to generate empirical design rules relevant to aviation displays. The viability and utility of integrating such rules into a tool to support the design of aircraft interfaces will be discussed.