Cognitive-behavioral Treatment Manual Research Articles

Pilot data findings from the Gothenburg treatment for gaming disorder: a cognitive behavioral treatment manual.

Gaming disorder (GD) is a new diagnosis included in the latest edition of the International Classification of Disease -11. Recently conducted international studies suggest a prevalence rate close to 2% for GD, highlighting the need for effective treatments for this patient population. Internationally there are few studies investigating effective treatments specifically designed for this condition. In this pilot study, we wanted to test a newly developed method, the Gothenburg Treatment for Gaming Disorder (GOT-TO-GO) manual; a 15-week cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for GD. This study utilized a single group design with pretest, post-test and a three- and six-month follow-up, with measures of severity of GD and mood. The participants (n = 28) were treatment-seeking adults with GD, aged 17 to 49 years. The results show a statistically significant decrease in symptoms of GD after treatment. Hours of gaming per week also decreased concomitantly with a 100% increase in non-gaming leisure hours. The decrease in symptoms of GD was maintained at the 3-months follow-up after treatment. Correspondingly we saw a decrease in both depression and anxiety that also was upheld 3 months after treatment. As GD is a new diagnostic concept more research is needed, also taking psychiatric comorbidity into consideration, to arrive at evidence-based conclusions regarding effective treatments. Considering the promising results in this small pilot study with large behavioral changes and reduced symptoms of GD, upheld at least 3 months after treatment, a larger randomized controlled study is warranted.Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT05328596?term=NCT05328596&draw=2&rank=1, identifier NCT05328596.

Patricia Lacks' contributions to evidence-based practice for insomnia

In the 1980s, Patricia Lacks (February 22, 1941–December 3, 2016) began a systematic program of research at Washington University in St. Louis to identify the causes of insomnia and effective treatments. Her treatment outcomes research culminated in the publication of the first detailed cognitive-behavioral treatment manual for insomnia, Behavioral Treatment for Persistent Insomnia. This paper focuses on the history of Dr. Lacks and her contributions to the field of insomnia research and practice.

Eficacia de la terapia cognitivo conductual en mujeres con cáncer de mama

Objective: The aim of this study was to show the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in a sample of patients with breast cancer, in order to reduce levels of anxiety and depression, and develop positive coping skills to improve the perception of quality of life. Method: The study subject were a sample of fifteen patients that had accepted to collaborate in the study, they signed an informed consent. They were receiving treatment in the area of oncology at Hospital Central “Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto” of the state of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. The study began with one group of individual intervention, in a convenience sampling; with a measure of pre and posttest. We used three standardized test to measure the progress of the intervention. We used, the HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), Whoqol Bref test (quality of life) and CAEPO (stress coping questionnaire for cancer patients). We used individual cognitive behavioral therapy an average of ten sessions for person, determined on the basis of a cognitive behavioral treatment manual, previously developed. Results: There have been certain statistically and clinically significant differences, we found among patients who participated in the study. In quality of life we observed differences on physical health domain, t=-2.75, p=0.016 and social relationships t=-2.17, p=0.048, We also found differences, in the anxiety subscale t=2.35, p=0.027 and overall HAD scale, t=2.81, p=0.014. With coping we observed differences, on denial sub-scale, W=74, p=0.048. It is concluded that cognitive behavioral therapy proved efficacy in the study sample.

Short-term psychotherapeutic treatment in adolescents engaging in non-suicidal self-injury: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundWorldwide, prevalence rates of adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) range between 13 and 45%. In Germany, lifetime prevalence of NSSI is around 25% in non-clinical samples, and the one-year prevalence for repetitive NSSI is 4%. NSSI is present in the context of several axis I and II disorders (for example, affective disorders or borderline personality disorder); however, preliminary evidence suggests that it would be justified to consider NSSI as its own diagnostic category. Despite the large impact of this behavior, there is still a lack of evidence-based, specific, and effective manualized treatment approaches for adolescents with NSSI.Methods/DesignThe study is designed as a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the effectiveness of a new cognitive-behavioral treatment manual for self-harming adolescents - the ‘Cutting-Down-Programme’ (CDP). A total of 80 adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years from a region in Southern Germany who have engaged in repetitive NSSI (≥5 incidents) in the last 6 months will be randomized into a treatment group (CDP) or a control group that will receive treatment as usual (TAU). The adolescents will be assessed by means of structured interviews and questionnaires at three time points (before treatment, directly after treatment and six months after treatment). Primary outcome criterion is a significant reduction (or remission) in the frequency of NSSI. Secondary outcome criteria are depressivity as well as general well-being and self-worth. Additionally, comorbid psychiatric disorders and childhood adversity will be evaluated as predictors of therapeutic outcome.DiscussionRecently, a pilot study in the United Kingdom showed significant reductions in self-harming behavior, depressive symptoms and trait anxiety. This is the first RCT to test the effectiveness of a short-term psychotherapeutic intervention in outpatients engaging in NSSI.Trial registrationThe study is registered in the German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00003605.

Efficacy of an Internet-based intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder in Iraq: A pilot study

In the past 20years, war and human rights violations have led to high rates of exposure to traumatic events among the Iraqi population. Due to the ongoing violence, many physicians and mental health professionals have left Iraq in recent years. The Internet offers new possibilities for the psychological treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in conflict areas. A therapist-supported cognitive-behavioral treatment manual that has been evaluated in Western countries was translated into Arabic and culturally adapted. The treatment was conducted via the Internet by Arabic-speaking therapists and was evaluated in an uncontrolled pilot study with 15 participants. Main outcome measures were PTSD (Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS)), depression, anxiety (Hopkins Symptom Check List-25 (HSCL-25)), and quality of life (EUROHIS). The intervention resulted in a highly significant decrease in symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Quality of life was higher at posttreatment. All treatment effect sizes were in the large range, indicating a significant improvement in mental health symptoms and quality of life. Preliminary clinical evidence indicates that new technologies can be used to provide humanitarian aid in the form of e-mental health services, even in areas that remain highly unstable.

Treatment Modifications Based on Childhood Anxiety Diagnosis: Demonstrating the Flexibility in Manualized Treatment

The current article presents suggestions for modifications to common manualized treatments to tailor the interventions to specific anxiety diagnoses and common comorbid diagnoses. The authors utilize one cognitive-behavioral treatment manual (Coping Cat; Kendall, 2000) to demonstrate appropriate clinical accommodations. As the majority of cognitive-behavioral treatment manuals contain both skill (e.g., relaxation training, cognitive restructuring, problem solving) and exposure components, suggestions for accommodations are grouped into relevant skill or exposure sections. Recommended modifications include a focus on imaginai exposure for generalized anxiety disorder, involvement of parents in the treatment of separation anxiety disorder, completion of a variety of in vivo exposures for social phobia, and involvement of school personnel in the treatment of selective mutism. Brief recommendations are also included for common comorbid symptoms of depression and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Keywords: child anxiety; Coping Cat; cognitive-behavioral therapy; manualized treatment The last decade has seen significant improvement in the treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, in part due to the efficacy and widespread availability of empirically supported manualized treatments (e.g., Coping Koala, Barrett, Dadds, & Rapee, 1991; FRIENDS, Barrett, Lowry-Webster, & Turner, 2000; Coping Cat, Kendall, 2000). Cognitive-behavioral manual-based treatments for childhood anxiety, whether group or individual modalities, typically include similar components. One commonly used manual-based program is the Coping Cat (or C.A.T. Project for adolescents), a package that includes a therapist manual and child and adolescent versions of ancillary workbooks (Kendall, 2000). The treatment program is composed of two main phases, the first focusing on skill development (e.g., introduction of relaxation techniques, cognitive restructuring, problem solving) and the second targeting graded exposure to fearful situations. Although helpful, the majority of existing treatment manuals were designed to be flexibly applied to a range of anxiety disorders. Typically, the clinician is challenged with the task of individualizing the treatment by making modifications based on a child's age, developmental level, and diagnostic status. To aid clinicians in the adaptation of the common treatment manuals for child anxiety, we suggest potential accommodations appropriate for several anxiety and anxiety-related diagnoses (i.e., generalized anxiety disorder [GAD], separation anxiety disorder [SAD], social phobia, selective mutism) as well as frequently comorbid diagnoses (depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]). TREATMENT MODIFICATIONS FOR GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER The predominant features of GAD are uncontrollable worry about a number of events or activities and accompanying physical symptoms of anxiety (e.g., muscle tension, sleep difficulties, restlessness, difficulty concentrating). Children with GAD commonly report worries about school, family, friends, performance, and health. Often described as "worriers" by family members, GAD children frequently require extensive reassurance regarding their anxious concerns. In order to meet diagnostic criteria, the worry or accompanying physical symptoms must occur more days than not for a minimum of 6 months and cause significant distress or impairment in important areas of functioning (e.g., school, home, peer relationships; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Given that the core symptoms of GAD in children and adolescents include uncontrollable worry and physical signs of anxiety, treatment manual modifications should target these features. Adapted Skill Components Children with GAD may report experiencing a number of different physical symptoms when worrying, such as muscle tension, difficulty falling asleep, headaches, and stomachaches. …

Treatment Modifications Based on Childhood Anxiety Diagnosis: Demonstrating the Flexibility in Manualized Treatment

The current article presents suggestions for modifications to common manualized treatments to tailor the interventions to specific anxiety diagnoses and common comorbid diagnoses. The authors utilize one cognitive-behavioral treatment manual (Coping Cat; Kendall, 2000) to demonstrate appropriate clinical accommodations. As the majority of cognitive-behavioral treatment manuals contain both skill (e.g., relaxation training, cognitive restructuring, problem solving) and exposure components, suggestions for accommodations are grouped into relevant skill or exposure sections. Recommended modifications include a focus on imaginal exposure for generalized anxiety disorder, involvement of parents in the treatment of separation anxiety disorder, completion of a variety of in vivo exposures for social phobia, and involvement of school personnel in the treatment of selective mutism. Brief recommendations are also included for common comorbid symptoms of depression and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The enhancing effects of manualized treatment for erectile dysfunction among men using sildenafil: A preliminary investigation

This study examined the effects of supplementing sildenafil (Viagra) with use of a cognitive-behavioral treatment manual plus minimal therapist contact. Participants were 6 heterosexual couples in which the man met criteria for erectile dysfunction and was using sildenafil. Erectile dysfunction resulted from psychological factors or psychological and organic factors combined. In a multiple baseline design, participants completed a period of 4, 6, or 8 weeks during which they used sildenafil alone and monitored several psychosocial and behavioral variables. The experimental treatment, which lasted 6 weeks, comprised the cognitive-behavioral treatment manual and brief weekly phone contact with a therapist. Results suggest that manualized treatment was associated with increases in sexual satisfaction among men, some improvement in sexual satisfaction among partners, and an increase in the frequency of sexual intercourse. There was some evidence of improvement in sexual functioning among both men and women. Treatment gains were largely maintained at a 4-to-8-week follow-up and a 4-to-10-month follow-up. Results suggest that this cognitive-behavioral intervention may enhance the benefits of sildenafil. Additional research is needed to further test the potential benefits of this treatment approach.

OCD in children and adolescents: A cognitive-behavioral treatment manual

OCD in children and adolescents: A cognitive-behavioral treatment manual