Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Approach Research Articles

Modified cognitive behavioral therapy approach reduces loudness discomfort levels for an autistic child with hyperacusis: case report

IntroductionHyperacusis is common among the autistic population, with a lifetime prevalence estimated at up to 60% compared to 17.1% in those without autism. For autistic children, avoidance behaviors and distress associated with hyperacusis significantly disrupt participation in everyday routines including academic, social and leisure activities. Although hyperacusis is a significant problem for children with autism and their families, there is little research on effective interventions. This report describes the clinical case of an 11-year-old boy with autism who received a modified cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) approach to address symptoms of hyperacusis.Case presentationPatient A is an 11-year-old boy with autism and hyperacusis. He and his parents report difficulties tolerating loud or high-pitched sounds including whistling, fireworks, traffic and high-pitched musical instruments (e.g., the ocarina and flute). When hearing these sounds during everyday activities (e.g., celebrations and social events) he will often ask strangers to stop, cover his ears, or avoid/run away from the source of sound. A modified CBT approach was combined with exposure therapy, and sensory-based self-regulation strategies to improve tolerance and decrease distress when hearing whistling. Treatment outcomes include improved loudness discomfort levels in audiology evaluations, improved auditory domain scores on the Sensory Profile questionnaires, lower self-reported subjective units of distress scale (SUDS) ratings in response to bothersome sounds, and decreased use of noise canceling headphones during daily activities. The client and his parents also reported generalization of these improvements with other sounds (e.g., fireworks).ConclusionThe patient described in this case report showed measurable improvements in his ability to tolerate whistling, a bothersome sound encountered regularly in his daily life. Considering the high prevalence rate of hyperacusis in autism and its impact on children and family routines, stress and daily living, the development and testing of an effective treatment approach for hyperacusis is needed. The treatment plan for this case arose from the collaboration between professionals in occupational therapy, applied behavior analysis, audiology, and clinical psychology. Future studies are encouraged to determine the efficacy of this combined approach for other children with autism and hyperacusis.

Blended Psychological Therapy for the Treatment of Psychological Disorders in Adult Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Blended therapy (BT) combines digital with face-to-face psychological interventions. BT may improve access to treatment, therapy uptake, and adherence. However, research is scarce on the structure of BT models. We synthesized the literature to describe BT models used for the treatment of psychological disorders in adults. We investigated whether BT structure, content, and ratio affected treatment efficacy, uptake, and adherence. We also conducted meta-analyses to examine treatment efficacy in intervention-control dyads and associations between treatment outcomes versus BT model structure. PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, ProQuest, and MEDLINE databases were searched. Eligibility criteria included articles published in English till March 2023 that described digital and face-to-face elements as part of an intervention plan for treating psychological disorders in adult patients. We developed a coding framework to characterize the BT interventions. A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate effect size (ES; Cohen d and 95% CIs) regarding pre- and posttreatment outcomes in depression and anxiety versus BT structure. The review was registered with PROSPERO and followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Searches identified 8436 articles, and data were extracted from 29 studies. BT interventions were analyzed and classified according to mode of interaction between digital and face-to-face components (integrated vs sequential), role of the components (core vs supplementary), component delivery (alternate vs case-by-case), and digital materials assignment mode (standardized vs personalized). Most BT interventions (n=24) used a cognitive behavioral therapy approach for anxiety or depression treatment. Mean rates of uptake (91%) and adherence (81%) were reported across individual studies. BT interventions were more effective or noninferior to treatment as usual, with large spread in the data and a moderate to large ES in the treatment of depression (n=9; Cohen d=-1.1, 95% CI -0.6 to -1.6, P<.001, and z score=-4.3). A small, nonsignificant ES was found for anxiety outcomes (n=5; Cohen d=-0.1, 95% CI -0.3 to 0.05, P=.17, and z score=-1.4). Higher ESs were found in blended interventions with supplementary design (depression: n=11, Cohen d=-0.75, 95% CI -0.56 to -0.95; anxiety: n=8, Cohen d=-0.9, 95% CI -0.6 to -1.2); fewer (≤6) face-to-face sessions (depression: n=9, Cohen d=-0.7, 95% CI -0.5 to -0.9; anxiety: n=7, Cohen d=-0.8, 95% CI -0.3 to -1.3); and a lower ratio (≤50%) of face-to-face versus digital sessions (depression: n=5, Cohen d=-0.8, 95% CI -0.6 to -1.1; anxiety: n=4, Cohen d=-0.8, 95% CI 0.006 to -1.6). This study confirmed integrated BT models as feasible to deliver. We found BT to be effective in depression treatment, but anxiety treatment results were nonsignificant. Future studies assessing outcomes across different psychological disorders and therapeutic approaches are required. PROSPERO CRD42021258977; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=258977.

A replication and development of the Short Cognitive Mediation Beliefs Questionnaire (CMBQ-S).

The Cognitive Mediation Beliefs Questionnaire is a 15-item tool that assesses individuals' emotion beliefs about the cognitive mediation of emotions. It measures two emotion beliefs: stimulus-response generation beliefs and cognitive mediation change beliefs. This study aimed to reduce the number of items and test the validity of a briefer version of the Cognitive Mediation Beliefs Questionnaire. We combined data from 13 unpublished data sets collected between 2019 and 2023 and reached a final sample of 2,872 participants. While this data set is relatively large and diverse (e.g., participants from 53 nationalities), most were from developed countries, and the data were not fully representative across demographic characteristics, such as age and ethnicity. The data were randomly split by 50%/25%/25% (60%/40% female/male) to conduct one exploratory factor analysis and two confirmatory factor analyses. Using an iterative process in the exploratory factor analysis, seven items were deleted for failing to meet item retention criteria, resulting in an eight-item solution across two factors. Across two confirmatory factor analyses with independent samples, the eight-item and the 15-item solutions were tested. The eight-item model was superior in terms of model fit in both samples. These results were in line with our hypothesis in that an eight-item Short Cognitive Mediation Beliefs Questionnaire confirmed the validity of the two-factor structure. The present study offers a valid and efficient measure of emotion beliefs that can be used to make a rapid assessment of beliefs about emotions and to support clinical interventions, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy approaches, where cognitive change is fundamental. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Evaluating the effectiveness of a multi-component lifestyle therapy program versus psychological therapy for managing mood disorders (HARMON-E): protocol of a randomised non-inferiority trial

BackgroundMood disorders, including unipolar and bipolar depression, contribute significantly to the global burden of disease. Psychological therapy is considered a gold standard non-pharmacological treatment for managing these conditions; however, a growing body of evidence also supports the use of lifestyle therapies for these conditions. Despite some clinical guidelines endorsing the application of lifestyle therapies as a first-line treatment for individuals with mood disorders, there is limited evidence that this recommendation has been widely adopted into routine practice. A key obstacle is the insufficient evidence on whether lifestyle therapies match the clinical and cost effectiveness of psychological therapy, particularly for treating those with moderate to severe symptoms. The HARMON-E Trial seeks to address this gap by conducting a non-inferiority trial evaluating whether a multi-component lifestyle therapy program is non-inferior to psychological therapy on clinical and cost-effectiveness outcomes over 8-weeks for adults with major depressive disorder and bipolar affective disorder.MethodsThis trial uses an individually randomised group treatment design with computer generated block randomisation (1:1). Three hundred and seventy-eight adults with clinical depression or bipolar affective disorder, a recent major depressive episode, and moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms are randomised to receive either lifestyle therapy or psychological therapy (adjunctive to any existing treatments, including pharmacotherapies). Both therapy programs are delivered remotely, via a secure online video conferencing platform. The programs comprise an individual session and six subsequent group-based sessions over 8-weeks. All program aspects (e.g. session duration, time of day, and communications between participants and facilitators) are matched except for the content and program facilitators. Lifestyle therapy is provided by a dietitian and exercise physiologist focusing on four pillars of lifestyle (diet, physical activity, sleep, and substance use), and the psychological therapy program is provided by two psychologists using a cognitive behavioural therapy approach. Data collection occurs at baseline, 8-weeks, 16-weeks, and 6 months with research assistants blinded to allocation. The primary outcome is depressive symptoms at 8 weeks, measured using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) (minimal clinically important difference = 1.6). A pre-specified within-trial economic evaluation will also be conducted.DiscussionShould lifestyle therapy be found to be as clinically and cost effective as psychological therapy for managing mood disorders, this approach has potential to be considered as an adjunctive treatment for those with moderate to severe depressive symptoms.Trial registrationAustralia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR): ACTRN12622001026718, registered 22nd July 2022.Protocol version: 4.14, 26/06/2024

Child mental health: Early detection and interventions in anxiety disorders and depression

Introduction: Child mental health is a critical public health issue, with disorders such as anxiety and depression affecting up to 20% of children worldwide. Early detection and effective interventions are essential to mitigate the effects of these disorders and improve the quality of life of affected children. This study conducted a systematic review to identify the most effective strategies for early detection and interventions in childhood anxiety disorders and depression. Methods: The systematic review was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases, using descriptors such as “Child Mental Health,” “Early Detection,” “Anxiety Disorders in Children,” and “Childhood Depression.” Empirical studies published between 2010 and 2024 were included. Study selection was performed by two independent reviewers, and methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Thirteen studies were included that indicate the effectiveness of instruments such as the "Spence Children's Anxiety Scale" (SCAS) and the "Child Depression Inventory" (CDI) in the early detection of anxiety and depression in children. Interventions based on Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and multidisciplinary approaches were effective in reducing symptoms and improving the quality of life of children. However, the implementation of these strategies faces significant challenges, such as lack of resources and the need for cultural adaptations. Conclusion: Early detection and timely interventions are essential for the effective management of anxiety disorders and depression in children. The importance of public policies for training professionals and intersectoral collaboration to ensure quality mental health care is reinforced. Future research should focus on culturally adapted interventions and evaluate their long-term effectiveness.

Combined Use of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Its Healing Impact on Drug Abusers Who Are Addicted to Drugs: A Scoping Review

Aims: The aim of this study is to assist individuals in healing from addiction; it is essential to implement a combination of interventions, such as CBT, that are proven to be effective in treating drug abuse with a holistic approach that integrates psychological and social aspects for optimal results, according to empirical evidence. Methods: The search databases for this study were PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Identify articles published in the last 10 years (2014-2024), Randomized Control Trials (RCTs), English and Indonesian, Full-Text, and Teenagers to the Elderly. Using the PRISMA flowchart, data extraction and scoping with keywords (English): "Drug Addict OR Substance Abuse AND Cognitive Behaviour Therapy AND Dependence OR Substance-Related Disorder" and keywords in the Indonesian language "Pecandu Narkoba OR Penyalahguna Zat AND Cognitive Behaviour Therapy AND Ketergantungan OR Gangguan Terkait Zat." Results: The study found eight articles that met the criteria, the main findings showed the use of Modified Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (M-CBT) in enhancing recovery motivation among cocaine-dependent individuals. Interventions such as galantamine, C-CBT, and computer-based CBT also show promise in reducing cocaine use. Additionally, combining CBT with contingency management (CM) facilitates changes in neural activity related to cognitive control. CBT paired with MET+ABI+ATTI and Female-Specific CBT (FS-CBT) effectively addresses alcohol use in adolescents and women. Conclusion: This study highlights various CBT approaches that can be combined, such as M-CBT for cocaine independence and computer-based CBT, as well as the combination of CBT with contingent management that influences neural activity related to cognitive control.

Cognitive–behavioural therapy for complex post-traumatic stress disorder

SUMMARY Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) was adopted as a new diagnosis in ICD-11. Trauma-focused cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective in treating PTSD but with CPTSD being a recently defined diagnosis, the evidence for its effectiveness in that disorder is not as clear, but it is still promising. This article reviews the diagnosis, psychopathology and some key differential diagnoses, and looks at the two CBT approaches that are currently used in clinical practice: the phase-oriented approach and the unimodal approach. The key aims of this article are to clarify the concept of CPTSD, its differentiation from borderline personality disorder and prominent comorbidities, how it develops and how CBT is used to treat it.

A systematic cognitive behavioral therapy approach for pediatric disorders of gut-brain interaction.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for youth with Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBIs) is effective; however, there are calls in the field to strengthen the evidence base and identify specific mechanisms of treatment that yield the most benefit for this patient population. A unique, systematic treatment approach of CBT with initial evidence for success for pediatric patients with DGBIs was evaluated to further demonstrate its clinical utility in this population. This was a retrospective study of 42 pediatric patients aged 11-17 years with DGBIs, who were diagnosed and referred for CBT by pediatric gastroenterology providers. Providers also completed a survey rating acceptability and effectiveness of CBT. The systematic CBT approach included 10 sessions delivered by a psychologist at an integrated Pediatric GI Clinic. Review of 42 pediatric charts showed significant decreases in self-reported functional disability, abdominal pain, as well as depression and anxiety symptoms pre- to post-CBT completion. A moderation effect was observed where patients reporting higher levels of depressive symptoms and primary symptom of abdominal pain reported smaller reductions in functional impairment compared to those with lower levels of depression and primary symptom of nausea or vomiting. Pediatric Gastroenterology providers were satisfied with this psychological treatment approach. This study provides evidence for acceptability and effectiveness of implementation of a systematic CBT approach for pediatric DGBIs in an integrated GI clinic, as well as areas worthy of future research, including identifying the most important mechanisms of treatment and factors that influence treatment response.

University Students: Preferences for Counseling Methods

The mental health of university students has become an important concern escalated by pandemic-related stresses and insights into effective therapy for this population is needed. Participants (n 389) completed a survey indicating preferences regarding seeing a therapist employing methods reflecting one of three established schools of thought: psychoanalytic, person-centered, or cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Analysis of results indicated that the CBT approach was the most popular method. However, when participants reacted to hypothetical dilemmas, there was evidence of some departure from the method students selected as their original preference. The CBT approach was more persistently chosen by participants who indicated an initial preference for that method. Demographic differences are reported. Commentary is offered on why college-aged participants might vary in their preferences for treatment styles and why so many maintain a propensity for CBT.

Cognitive behavioural therapy and third-wave approaches for anxiety and related disorders in older people.

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is the most researched psychological therapy for anxiety disorders in adults, and known to be effective in this population. However, it remains unclear whether these results apply to older adults, as most studies include participants between 18 and 55 years of age. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of the available evidence on CBT and third wave approaches for older adults with anxiety and related disorders. To assess the effects of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CT, BT, CBT and third-wave CBT interventions) on severity of anxiety symptoms compared with minimal management (not providing therapy) for anxiety and related disorders in older adults, aged 55 years or over. To assess the effects of CBT and related therapies on severity of anxiety symptoms compared with other psychological therapies for anxiety and related disorders in older adults, aged 55 years or over. We searched the Cochrane Common Mental Disorders Controlled studies Register (CCMDCTR), CENTRAL, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase and Ovid PsycINFO to 21 July 2022. These searches were updated on 2 February 2024. We also searched the international studies registries, including Clinicalstudies.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), to identify additional ongoing and unpublished studies. These sources were manually searched for studies up to 12 February 2024. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in older adults (≥ 55 years) with an anxiety disorder, or a related disorder, including obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), that compared CBT to either minimal management or an active (non-CBT) psychological therapy. Eligible studies had to have an anxiety-related outcome. Several authors independently screened all titles identified by the searches. All full texts were screened for eligibility according to our prespecified selection criteria. Data were extracted and the risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool for RCTs. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE. Meta-analyses were performed for outcomes with quantitative data from more than one study. We included 21 RCTs on 1234 older people allocated to either CBT or control conditions. Ten studies focused on generalised anxiety disorder; others mostly included a mix of clinical diagnoses. Nineteen studies focused on the comparison between CBT and minimal management. Key issues relating to risk of bias were lack of blinding of participants and personnel, and participants dropping out of studies, potentially due to treatment preference and allocation. CBT may result in a small-to-moderate reduction of anxiety post-treatment (SMD -0.51, 95% CI -0.66 to -0.36, low-certainty evidence). However, compared to this benefit with CBT immediately after treatment, at three to six months post-treatment, there was little to no difference between CBT and minimal management (SMD -0.29, 95% CI -0.59 to 0.01, low-certainty evidence). CBT may have little or no effect on clinical recovery/ improvement post-treatment compared to minimal management, but the evidence is very uncertain (RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.03, very low-certainty evidence). Results indicate that five people would need to receive treatment for one additional person to benefit (NNTB = 5). Compared to minimal management, CBT may result in a reduction of comorbid depression symptoms post-treatment (SMD -0.57, 95% CI -0.74 to -0.40, low-certainty evidence). There was no difference in dropout rates post-treatment, although the certainty of the evidence was low (RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.78). Two studies reported adverse events, both of which related to medication in the control groups (very low-certainty evidence, no quantitative estimate). Only two studies compared CBT to other psychological therapies, both of which only included participants with post-traumatic stress disorder. Low-certainty evidence showed no difference in anxiety severity post-treatment and at four to six months post-treatment, symptoms of depression post-treatment, and dropout rates post-treatment. Other outcomes and time points are reported in the results section of the manuscript. CBT may be more effective than minimal management in reducing anxiety and symptoms of worry and depression post-treatment in older adults with anxiety disorders. The evidence is less certain longer-term and for other outcomes including clinical recovery/improvement. There is not enough evidence to determine whether CBT is more effective than alternative psychological therapies for anxiety in older adults.

Implementation of a CBT-based dental anxiety management pathway for patients with learning disabilities.

Dental anxiety is a common phenomenon in the general population and may be more prevalent in people with learning disabilities. There is growing interest in the use of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) approaches, including within dental anxiety management. However, relatively little is known regarding the application of CBT approaches in dental anxiety management for patients with learning disabilities. This paper outlines details of the implementation of a CBT-based dental anxiety pathway for patients with learning disabilities treated in a special care dental service in England. The pathway is modelled on the utilisation of skills from the dental team (dental nurses and dentists) to deliver a combination of talking sessions, desensitisation and positive affirmation in five distinct stages. Early feedback from service users following implementation of this pathway indicates successful acceptance of dental care with a decreased use of sedative adjuncts.

Analisis Teknik-Teknik CBT (Cognitive Behavior Therapy) dalam Mengatasi Masalah Siswa di Sekolah

The purpose of this study is to examine the various methods used in cognitive behavior therapy theory used in guidance and counseling. So, this can help BK teachers and counselors conduct individual, guidance, and group counseling using a cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) approach. These CBT techniques have proven to be effective in dealing with a wide range of issues that students face in school. Data is collected through literature research, which uses various reference sources such as articles, source books, and other supporting documents. A good understanding of how CBT techniques can be used in counseling can help guidance and counseling teachers better understand how to use cognitive behavior therapy techniques in their counseling practices.

Health Coaching Intervention to Improve Self-Care Management of Hypertension Among Older People in Indonesia: A Randomized Controlled Study Protocol.

One-third of the global population is predicted to be diagnosed with hypertension (HTN) in 2025, with the percentage highest among older people. Without proper self-care management, uncontrolled HTN causes negative health consequences and decreases the quality of life. The previous scoping review identified various challenges that older adults may face in dealing with HTN and that effective approaches should consider each individual's circumstances and attributes. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and sustainable impact of an Indonesian adaptation of an 8-week nurse health coaching intervention on self-care management and self-efficacy among older people with HTN. The coaching sessions will last for 30 min weekly for 8 weeks. The data will be measured at three points: baseline (initial), 1 week after the eighth health coaching session, and 3 months after concluding the intervention. This study will be the first health coaching intervention research based on motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy approach with Indonesian background adjustment. The study result will help develop a guideline for nurses and other health workers providing health coaching for older people in Indonesia and other countries with similar characteristics in terms of sociodemographics or lifestyle. thaiclinicaltrials.org Identifier: TCTR20230410001 (Date of registration: April 9, 2023).

The Use of Text Messaging as an Adjunct to Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder in Youth: Secondary Analysis.

As an established treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is now implemented and assessed in internet-based formats that, when combined with smartphone apps, enable secure text messaging. As an adjunct to such internet-based CBT (ICBT) approaches, text messaging has been associated with increased adherence and therapeutic alliance. This study analyzed data from the intervention arm of a randomized control trial evaluating 24-week ICBT for MDD (intervention arm) against standard-care psychiatry (waitlist control). The aim of this secondary analysis was to assess MDD symptom improvement in relation to the frequency and content of text messages sent by ICBT participants to Navigator-Coaches during randomized control trial participation. Higher text frequency in general and in 3 conceptual categories (appreciating alliance, alliance building disclosures, and agreement confirmation) was hypothesized to predict larger MDD symptom improvement. Participants were young adults (18-30 years) from the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. The frequencies of categorized texts from 20 ICBT completers were analyzed with respect to MDD symptom improvement using linear regression models. Texts were coded by 2 independent coders and categorized using content analysis. MDD symptoms were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Participants sent an average of 136 text messages. Analyses indicated that BDI-II improvement was negatively associated with text messaging frequency in general (β=-0.029, 95% CI -0.11 to 0.048) and in each of the 3 categories: appreciating alliance (β=-0.096, 95% CI -0.80 to 0.61), alliance building disclosures (β=-0.098, 95% CI -0.28 to 0.084), and agreement confirmation (β=-0.076, 95% CI -0.40 to 0.25). Altogether, the effect of text messaging on BDI-II improvement was uniformly negative across statistical models. More text messaging appeared associated with less MDD symptom improvement. The hypothesized positive associations between conceptually categorized text messages and MDD symptom improvement were not supported in this study. Instead, more text messaging appeared to indicate less treatment benefit. Future studies with larger samples are needed to discern the optimal use of text messaging in ICBT approaches using adjunctive modes of communication. Clinical Trials.gov NCT03406052; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03406052.

PENERAPAN KONSELING COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KONSENTRASI BELAJAR SISWA SMA N 1 GEBOG KUDUS

The aim of this research is to determine the factors that cause students' low learning concentration and the application of individual counseling with a Cognitive Behavior Therapy approach to increase students' learning concentration. The type of research used is a qualitative case study. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, home visits and documentation. The research results prove that the application of cognitive behavior therapy counseling can help increase students' learning concentration at AY and AMI. Before the counseling was carried out, AY and AMI students experienced low learning concentration because they were unable to divide their time between studying, playing and resting. Therefore, AY and AMI counselees have low learning concentration. After individual counseling for three meetings, students AY and AMI Sudha were able to concentrate during the learning process.

Can Socratic dialogue techniques be used to increase meaning of life for students with disabilities?

This research was motivated by the low meaningfulness of life among people with disabilities, especially those with autism spectrum disorder with visual impairment (ASDVI). The meaning of life greatly influences a person's quality of life, enthusiasm for living life, productivity, creativity, and happiness in living their own life. So, this research aims to determine the efficacy of individual counseling services using the cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) approach and Socratic dialogue techniques to increase the meaning of life in ASDVI students. The type of research that the researcher applied was a single-subject research experiment with the A-B-A pattern. The subject of this research was an ASDVI student at SLBN 001 Tanjungpinang. The instruments used in this research were observation and interviews. The data analysis method used is the explanatory sequential design. The results of the research showed that there was an increase in the meaning of life in ASDVI students, so the Socratic dialogue technique was considered effective in increasing the meaning of life in someone with disabilities, especially ASDVI specifications. The increasing meaningfulness of life for ASDVI students shows the difference between negative and positive thought patterns. This can be seen in changes in thinking patterns and behavior as well as independence, which shows that ASDVI students have the enthusiasm to live their lives and are independent, and can be active in seeking the views of the general public to achieve the ASDVI students' version of meaning itself and achieve a new, more positive perspective.

Social anxiety disorder in Black American adolescents: Cultural considerations in conceptualization, assessment, and treatment.

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by significant distress and avoidance surrounding social and performance situations, with marked interpersonal and academic impairment. This review article highlights cultural considerations relevant to the conceptualization, identification, and treatment of SAD in Black youth. Research evaluating the utility of evidence-based measures to assess SAD suggests they are culturally relevant; however, gaps in knowledge regarding the psychometric properties of even the most widely used instruments are evident. In regard to intervention, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) approaches hold promise, yet there is a lack of research on the use of CBT with Black adolescents. Recommendations to incorporate cultural factors into CBT are provided, and future work investigating culturally adapted interventions is needed. Finally, given significant disparities in access and utilization of mental health services among Black youth, strategies to increase treatment engagement, such as school-based services, are important to consider.

How to manage work-related stress in healthcare professionals: organizational and individual interventions.

IntroductionWorkplaces can be source of significant stress for employees, leading to a series of mental health problems, such as burnout syndrome. Healthcare professionals and other helping professions are especially vulnerable to work-related stress.ObjectivesThe aim of the present review is to assess available intervention aiming at improving work-related stress symptoms.MethodsWe conducted a thorough search of relevant articles on PubMed, APA PsycInfo, and Scopus databases, using specific keywords such as “occupational stress,” “stress,” “anxiety,” “depression,” “health personnel,” “health care facilities, manpower and services,” “prevention,” and “control.”Results Although significant methodological heterogeneity has been found among studies, regarding assessment tools, target population, and intervention types, we can still draw some satisfactory results. Healthcare professionals have access to various interventions to manage work-related stress symptoms, which can be classified into three categories: 1) individual cognitive-behavioral therapy approaches, 2) relaxation techniques at the individual level, and 3) organizational-level interventions. Mindfulness techniques, relaxation techniques, emotional freedom techniques, and integrated interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in alleviating work-related stress.ConclusionsTo prevent work-related stress among healthcare professionals, interventions should be targeted towards specific categories of healthcare workers based on factors such as age, tasks, and patient types. Well-structured and reliable randomized controlled trials focusing on the most promising interventions, such as mindfulness, need to be carried out in larger samples and with a solid methodology in order to confirm these evidences.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Role of Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Control Insomnia Among Elderly

Introduction: Insomnia is a prevalent medical condition that impacts people across a lifetime. Diagnosis is established through self-reported symptoms including daytime disruptions and poor sleep quality, notwithstanding the provision of sufficient sleep opportunities and a conducive sleeping environment. Untreated insomnia is correlated with a variety of detrimental health consequences. The aim of the study was to analyze the role of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to control insomnia. Material and Menthods: The research used is qualitative research, a review of the relevant literature constitutes this research. Themes-aligned articles from the years 2019 to 2024 were chosen, to comply with the prescribed research protocol, the investigators utilized the PRISMA method. Results: Nine articles were chosen from fifteen publications based on the search technique and selection criteria, and finding that PMR and CBT approach was helpful in assisting in the improvement of insomnia in elderly. Conclusion: Based on the conducted literature review, non-pharmacological treatments for addressing insomnia in older adults include progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions. Both of these approaches have demonstrated significant efficacy in managing insomnia in this population.

Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Managing Anxiety Disorders among Adolescents: An In-Depth Analysis of Individual, Group, and Digital Approaches

This research article delves into the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in addressing adolescent anxiety disorders. It explores various facets of CBT, including its theoretical underpinnings and mechanisms of change, highlighting its role in altering dysfunctional beliefs and thought patterns that contribute to anxiety. The article underscores the advantages of CBT, such as its structured approach, cost-effectiveness, and the provision of practical coping skills, making it a preferred choice for dealing with adolescent anxiety. The study then investigates the efficacy of different CBT approaches, including individual, group, and computerized CBT (cCBT) in details, specifically in the context of the COVID-19. It encompasses a range of research, from meta-analyses to controlled trials, evaluating the impact of these treatments on anxiety symptoms and their long-term efficacy. Research demonstrates CBT's high efficacy in treating youth anxiety, offering sustained symptom reduction and complementing psychopharmacological treatments backed by extensive studies and neuroimaging advancements. Group CBT for adolescents shows effectiveness in anxiety treatment, offering peer support and shared experiences in a communal setting, enhancing coping strategies and social skill development. The findings indicate cCBT's effectiveness in providing accessible mental health support to adolescents, aligning well with their tech-savvy tendencies. In conclusion, this research underlines CBT’s flexibility in addressing adolescent anxiety in both traditional and digital formats, with an emphasis on the promising potential of cCBT. It calls for future research to focus on standardizing CBT practices and validating the long-term effectiveness of cCBT.