Cognitive Barrier Research Articles

Sustainability Best Practices in Small Construction Companies: Analysis Construction Companies from Ceará, Brazil

Purpose: This study aims to aimed to analyze sustainability practices in Micro and Small Companies from the construction sector. Method: A qualitative study was conducted with three Micro and Small Construction Companies. The study involved analyzing content from in-depth interviews and field observations. The observations were conducted using a checklist developed to evaluate sustainable practices and applied to construction sites, complementing the evidence from interviews. Results and conclusion: As results, the managers' perception of the meaning of sustainability and good practices, their benefits, barriers, and feasibility of adoption in the MSC context were highlighted. With the developed tool, it was possible to identify sustainable best practices on construction sites and evaluate their impact in terms of economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Evidence showed that companies are committed to implementing sustainable practices, and there was an underestimation of the practices carried out by managers, indicating a cognitive barrier regarding the topic. Originality/value: This research introduces innovation by conducting an analysis of the adoption of water reuse in buildings based on the multi-level perspective of socio-technical transitions towards sustainability. It focuses on a state in the Brazilian Northeast, whose territory is primarily situated in the Caatinga biome, characterized by a semi-arid climate and a history of severe drought cycles. Research implications: The developed checklist is a practical and easy-to-use tool for identifying and assessing sustainable best practices, aiding in the awareness, management, and improvement of sustainable performance in Micro and Small Companies within the construction sector.

Correlation between body mass index, body perception and physical activity among university students

Background: With the current advancement in technology, sedentary lifestyles, and decreased physical activities, university students are highly prone to distorted body perceptions and obesity. However, limited studies have been conducted about body weight and body perception in university students studying in Pakistan. Objective: This research aimed to determine correlation between BMI, body perception and physical activity in university students. Methods: This is a correlational study. A sample size of 437 was calculated by online sample size calculator. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was used. The study was carried out in different universities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi and the tools such as International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Body Mass Index, and Figure Rating Scale were used. Data was analyzed using SPSS 22. Results: BMI and body perception showed significant moderate positive correlation (r=0.472, p=<0.05). Physical activity showed significant weak correlation with body perception and BMI (r=0.125 and 0.024, p=<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded from the results of current study that students have misperceptions regarding their body weight but weight misperception was not a cognitive barrier in participants for physical activity and majority participants performed moderate to vigorous activities.

Adverse events of replacement therapy in children with growth hormone deficiency

Background. The purpose was to analyze and summarize the accumulated short-term and long-term safety data in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) treated using recombіnant human growth hormone (rhGH) based on the results of a physical examination, assessment of vital signs, laboratory parameters, and follow-up. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Odesa Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital from 2012 to 2022, with 92 children treated for GHD using rhGH at an average dose of 0.033 mg/kg/day. The evaluation of the safety of this therapy was based on assessing the incidence of adverse events (AEs) as a negative consequence of medical care. We analyzed both short-term and long-term outcomes. Results. When studying the short-term safety of rhGH therapy according to physical examination data, AEs were found in 18 (19.57 %) children, including intracranial hypertension (1), arthralgia (1), prepubertal gynecomastia (1), anemia (3), manifestation of latent adrenal insufficiency (3), latent thyroid insufficiency (2), impaired glucose tolerance (7). 20.6 (7.0 ÷ 34.2) % of patients with unacceptable adherence to rhGH therapy reported painful injections compared to 4.3 (–1.6 ÷ 10.2) % of children with acceptable compliance (χ2 = 5.15; р = 0.02). None of the children experienced serious adverse events such as scoliosis progression, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, edema, and impaired vital functions. AEs in terms of hematological and biochemical parameters were usually transient, often in combination with intercurrent diseases, and were not associated with rhGH. In long-term safety, there was no association between rhGH therapy and the risk of cancer, cardiac, and cerebrovascular diseases. Still, three children (3.26 %) had type 2 diabetes, with overweight in one case and obesity in two. Conclusions. In general, in the short-term context, rhGH therapy for children with GHD is safe. The pain at the injection site is a clinically significant AE as a cognitive emotional barrier to the adherence to rhGH therapy. From the point of view of the long-term safety of rhGH therapy, the fact that type 2 diabetes was detected in 3 (3.26 %) children with increased body weight and obesity is essential.

Vascular Biology of Dementia.

HomeStrokeVol. 54, No. 3Vascular Biology of Dementia No AccessReview ArticleRequest AccessFull TextAboutView Full TextView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toNo AccessReview ArticleRequest AccessFull TextVascular Biology of Dementia Marilyn J. Cipolla, PhD and Nabil J. Alkayed, MD, PhD Marilyn J. CipollaMarilyn J. Cipolla Correspondence to: Marilyn J. Cipolla, PhD, Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405. Email E-mail Address: [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9172-5941 Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington (M.J.C.). Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J.C.). Search for more papers by this author and Nabil J. AlkayedNabil J. Alkayed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3489-4730 Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, OR (N.J.A.). Search for more papers by this author Originally published27 Feb 2023https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.123.042298Stroke. 2023;54:646–647is accompanied byDetection of Cardioembolic Sources With Nongated Cardiac Computed Tomography Angiography in Acute Stroke: Results From the ENCLOSE StudyCerebral Small Vessel Disease–Related Dementia: More Questions Than AnswersHippocampal Vascular Supply and Its Role in Vascular Cognitive ImpairmentBlood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Normal Aging and Neurodegeneration: Mechanisms, Impact, and Treatments"Vascular Biology of Dementia." Stroke, 54(3), pp. 646–647FootnotesFor Sources of Funding and Disclosures, see page 646.Correspondence to: Marilyn J. Cipolla, PhD, Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405. Email marilyn.[email protected]edu

An example to illustrate the role of R&D in the emerging industrial hydrogen economy

The global warming awareness, the reduction of fossil resources, the demand for well-being of industrialized societies, geopolitical upheavals and tomorrow perhaps the biodiversity crisis are powerful drivers to forster a change in the means of production and use of energy. In this context, the idea of a “hydrogen economy” emerged at the turn of the century (Brandon and Kurban, 2017) around the relatively new notion of hydrogen as an “energy carrier”. However, all concepts even if very appealing, become concrete achievements. Conditions for the emergence of an “industrial sector” (Stoffaës, 1980) need to be fulfilled, i.e. at least a viable market, robust technologies for production and use technologies and logistics. In the following, the authors attempt to illustrate the conditions for the emergence of an industrial hydrogen-energy sector, in particular the role of R&D that underpins this process. There is first a cognitive barrier. The physico-chemical properties of hydrogen are particularly well known, and means are available to produce it in large quantities (Brandon and Kurban, 2017). The risks are also known but are well under control in the industry. Socio-economic actors may find this reassuring. The second element is societal. Mature industrial sectors represent considerable fixed capital. Even if research has already shown that it would be possible to produce hydrogen differently, there is little reason for these well-established sectors to evolve without additional incentives. The societal “drivers” mentioned above (climate change, depletion of fossil resources, etc.) have prompted Europe to take increasingly restrictive measures on the consumption of fossil resources (carbon tax, anti-pollution standards). The effect is a paradigm shift, particularly for the mobility sector, which is now investing heavily in electric and hydrogen vehicles. The third element is techno-economic. If hydrogen appears as a possibility, it is because preliminary R&D work has developed key technologies: fuel cells, very high pressure tanks and created “demonstrators”. But the production technologies and the supply chain need to be developed. European regulations require the provision of hydrogen (produced in a renewable way) up to 3T per day every 150 km by 2030 (European parliament; 2021), which suggests a tight network of the territory. One option is local production either through water electrolysis or biomass gasification. QAIROS Energies identified a business model that can link significant local hydrogen use to favorable agricultural conditions. Technologies are available to grow the biomass, to pyrolyze/ gasify it and to turn the gases in hydrogen (Cao et al., 2020), which offers a range of possible processes. The economic equilibrium requires that the gasification yield be 75-125 kg H2 / ton of biomass with a minimum consumption of utilities (water, energy, consumables,...) and requires also as little residues and toxics as possible, the gas treatment costs being quickly prohibitive. Based on these constraints, QAIROS-Energies set up an R&D team aggregating skills in agronomy to select the most suitable crops, biomass pre-treatment (drying, grinding) and pyrogasification and gas treatment. The objective is to remove the obstacles and to demonstrate the feasibility of the project. For the pyro-gasification and gas treatment steps, a pilot was quickly set up (Figure 4) showing a certain resemblance to the future industrial units, which goes beyond academic habits.

Should we rethink neurodegeneration?

The therapy of many neurological disorders has advanced markedly during recent decades. Not so for neurodegenerative disorders. Early detection, deep individual genotyping and phenotyping, and personalized therapies have been suggested as the way forward. However, we still do not know enough about the aetiology and molecular basics of these diseases. In fact, the term neurodegenerative disorder may be a misleading categorization that constitutes a major cognitive barrier against better characterization and understanding of these disorders. Therefore, we need to go back to the basics and employ novel, open-minded observational study protocols that combine very extensive and robust clinical, molecular and epidemiological data collection methods. Moreover, we need to reconsider our basic orientation towards these diseases to increase our chances of finding out what we are actually trying to care for and cure.

Lock-in, paradox and regional renewal

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the interaction between political and cognitive lock-in in stalling attempts at regional renewal of old industrial regions. It draws on analysis of the city of Anchorage, Alaska. The decline of the oil industry has been followed by a gridlock: a pattern of being stuck and polarized. This gridlock is caused by a particular type of lock-in: an excessive polarization to individual economic gain has at the same time removed incentives to develop capabilities at the collective level. A key implication is that the inability to perceive and work with paradox is a cognitive barrier sustaining political lock-in.

Writing to advance knowledge: The impact of readability on knowledge diffusion in OSCM

AbstractThe sophistication of academic research often creates a cognitive barrier for readers when they understand and utilize new knowledge. Cognizant of this issue, scholars in various fields, including Operations and Supply Chain Management (OSCM), have called for improved communication in academic research. Readability is a key pillar of written communication and is particularly important in OSCM. This is partially because OSCM articles tend to be diverse in terms of methods, theoretical lenses used, and author origins. OSCM is also a field where knowledge is created with the purpose of interfacing with real business problems closely and engaging with diverse external stakeholders. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between readability and knowledge diffusion in academic OSCM research. Using cognitive load as the theoretical lens for readability, we analyze a full‐text dataset of 1476 articles published in leading OSCM journals between 1998 and 2018. We find that readability has a positive impact on citations garnered. This relationship holds over 3‐year short‐term spans and 6‐year long‐term spans, indicating lasting effects. In addition, the results show that the impact of readability on knowledge diffusions is nonlinear. This finding confirms the additive nature of cognitive load and suggests that there is a level authors and journal editors should achieve to make their work more understandable and more likely to be diffused. Suggestions are made to help researchers reduce cognitive loads and to increase the likelihood that knowledge generated in their research is more likely to be disseminated by future researchers.

Augmented Design with Additive Manufacturing Methodology: Tangible Object-Based Method to Enhance Creativity in Design for Additive Manufacturing.

Additive manufacturing (AM) brings new design potential compared with traditional manufacturing. Nevertheless, traditional manufacturing knowledge remains embedded in the minds of designers and is a real cognitive barrier to design in AM. Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) provides tools, techniques, and guidelines to optimize design with the specifics of AM. These methods are usable at different moments of the design process. Only few DfAMs focus on the early stages of design, the ideation phase, which allows for the most innovation. The literature highlights the effectiveness of methodologies based on tangible tools, such as cards or objects, to generate creativity. The difficulty with such tools is to be inspirational as well as formative. Therefore, this article presents a method to help designers capture the design potential of AM to design creative solutions at the early stages of product design, named the Augmented Design with AM Methodology (ADAM2). This methodology relies on the potential of AM, defined in 14 opportunities and a set of 14 inspirational objects, each representing an opportunity. Dedicated to creativity sessions, this methodology allows forcing the association between knowledge of a company's sector and the design potential of AM. To validate the effectiveness of the ADAM2 methodology, we use it for an industrial application in a jewelry and watchmaking company. The results showed that ADAM2 promote the generation of creative solutions and the exploitation of the design potential of AM during the early design stages.

Teacher’s Language Input for Recognizing the Cognitive Abilities of Autistic Student in Classroom Interaction

<p style="text-align:justify">Cognitive is an essential developmental aspect for children. The cognitive barrier is one of the learning barriers experienced by children with autism. From educational perspective, teacher language input can appropriately develop cognitive abilities of autistic students. This study aims to describe (1) teacher’s language input for recognizing the cognitive abilities of autistic students in classroom interactions and (2) cognitive abilities of autistic students based on teacher language input in classroom interactions. The approach of the study was conducted qualitatively with case study, while source of data was oral texts from the teacher language input toward autistic students in classroom. The results shows that the cognitive abilities of autistic students can be recognized through teacher's language input in classroom learning by engaging interrogative speech acts, such as representative, directive, expressive, and commissive. The cognitive level is used to see the variants of the teacher's language input. Meanwhile, the acquisition of students' cognitive abilities based on teacher language’s input is developed through memorizing, understanding, applying, and analyzing skills with criteria student A and B in the medium category, and G in low category.</p>

Dominant Logic and Business Model Innovation: Resolving Cognitive Dissonance on the Component Level

Dominant logic is generally seen as a cognitive barrier in the different steps of business model innovation processes. This particularly applies to micro-firms, where the business owner espouses the dominant logic and at the same time plays a vital role in innovating and potentially changing it. We engaged in an action research with forty butcher’s shops’ owners to shed more light on the conflicts between dominant and emerging logics at every business model component (i.e. (1) value proposition, (2) value creation, (3) value network, (4) value delivery, and (5) value appropriation). Furthermore, these conflicts triggered a state of cognitive dissonance among dominant and emerging logics. To investigate how butcher’s shops’ owners restored equilibrium we subsequently conducted a multiple embedded case study, with four positive cases (i.e. innovative butchers), and four negative cases (i.e. non-innovative butchers). Positive cases resolved cognitive dissonance by embracing emerging logics through a set of consistent ideas supporting the emerging logic at all five business model components, assessing the limitation of the dominant logic at the value proposition, as well as on the value delivery levels. In contrast, negative cases resolved cognitive dissonance by adding elements sustaining the dominant logic at the value proposition, value creation, value delivery, and value capture levels, and by reducing the importance of factors supporting emerging logics at all five business model components. The present study contributes to the business model innovation literature, by pointing to the dual role of cognitive dissonance between dominant and emerging logics at the level of different business model components.

Limits and Risks of Digital Transformation

Currently, the process of digital transformation is actively going on in the economy, science, education, and society as a whole. This process has a number of restrictions and risks we consider. The mathematical theory of complexity reveals a large class of the restrictions. The exact solution of a number of simple-looking problems with a small amount of input data requires resources many times greater than the capabilities of all available computers. On the "border" between natural and artificial intelligence lies the "cognitive barrier". This, as a rule, makes it impossible to use the results of a number of artificial intelligence systems to adjust our strategies. We and computers "think" differently. They have to be considered as "black boxes". It is very likely that the tester of artificial intelligence systems will become one of the mass professions in the close future. We give examples to show that the "translation" from "continuous" to "discrete" language can lead to qualitatively different behavior of mathematical models. In a number of problems associated with a computational experiment this can be quite significant. Great risks arise when passing to the "fast world", approaching the "Lem's barrier". It happens when artificial intelligence systems are assigned strategically important tasks that they must solve at a speed inaccessible to humans. The analysis shows that managing the risks of digital transformation and its limitations requires the attention of the scientific and expert community, as well as active participants in this process.

Students’ Cognitive Barrier in Problem Solving: Picture-based Problem-solving

Pre-service teachers in primary education often have difficulty in solving mathematical problems, specifically fractions that are presented with a picture. In solving problems, some thought processes are needed by the teacher to reduce students' cognitive barriers. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the cognitive barriers experienced by students in solving fraction problems. The cognitive barriers referred to in this study are ways of thinking about structures or mathematical objects that are appropriate in one situation and not appropriate in another situation. This study employed a descriptive-qualitative method. Furthermore, participants were followed up with in-depth semi-structured interviews to find out the cognitive barriers that occurred in solving fraction problems. This study discovers that the participants, in solving fraction problems, experienced all indicators of cognitive barrier and two cognitive obstacles are found as new findings that tend to involve mathematical calculations and violates the rules in dividing images into equal parts in the problem-solving procedure.

The Motion Beyond Sense

This paper first explores the relationship between cognition and motion. Our typical cognitive mode, based on sensory forms, is integrated and, therefore, non-motion in nature. This highlights stability and relativity for practical cognitive needs, but at the same time prevents us from developing cognition of the complete form of motion. The result is a fundamental cognitive barrier for us to understand motion. By discovering the underlying cognitive principles, however, we can revise the cognitive process and redevelop the cognitive mode to meet the purpose of direct cognition of motion. Based on this newly developed cognitive mode, we will learn motion features directly and understand motion laws and principles, to explain natural phenomena and establish wide-range connections between them. These include the underlying principles of motion, gravity, the creation of matter and material forms, universal motion, and spacetime.

„Bibliofilskie przekraczanie granic”

“Borders Crossed by Bibliophiles”: Dutch 17th‑century Emblem Collections in the Possession of the University of Wrocław Library
 The University Library in Wrocław has a rich collection of old works from the Netherlands, which proves that in the old days academic and bibliophilic research was carried out in the Silesian region. The works reflect various cultural, academic and religious connections between the inhabitants of Silesia and the ones of Western Europe. The printed texts give evidence confirming that Silesian bibliophiles purchased books abroad, as well as from the local book sellers. Thus, they participated in the academic and cultural movements of that time. The paper is to present the Dutch emblem volumes that are in the possession of the University Library in Wrocław, and especially how they made their way from the Netherlands to Silesia. A number of questions arise: why Silesian collectors used to buy works written in Dutch and whether that did not create a cognitive barrier for them. What kind of motivation could have inspired them to buy those books? Was it the so‑called peregrination academica that encouraged people to study in the Netherlands? What I would like to do as well is to show unlimited passions of library owners who were open‑minded to different fields of interest, which was reflected in their book collections that now are a part of the Library in Wroclaw.

Containment’s deceit: why the United States needs to review its China strategy

Together with many other scholars of US containment, Brooks/Wohlforth share widely held assumptions on the future US–China relationship. Indeed, their arguments tempt American strategists into foregoing evaluations as the enduring US structural superiority, reflected in the strategy of “standing on the defensive”, reassures them that Beijing will be socialised to structural realities favouring the USA. However, China is not the Soviet Union and the twenty-first century’s second decade not the 1980s. Confusing the latter with today’s China and its highly adaptive governance system misrepresents a drastically changed politico-material context, as China has emerged as the leading economic power since 2014 (measured in PPP). Precisely because Brooks/Wohlforth adopt an exclusively material view, they overlook the notion of US cultural superiority which has invariably underpinned material accounts of containment. Thus, their material defence of America as “Number One” becomes a cognitive barrier, possibly self-defeating, to more comprehensive reviews of US technological superiority.

ПІЗНАВАЛЬНИЙ БАР'ЄР ЯК ЗАСІБ АКТИВІЗАЦІЇ ІНШОМОВНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СТУДЕНТІВ

The article deals with the problem of students' foreign language learning activity. The author stresses that in order to intensify educational activity for successful mental students' development we should create cognitive barriers at foreign languages classes. Key words: barrier, cognitive barrier, developing character, cognitive activity, educational activity.

Karakteristike procesa rešavanja matematičkih problemskih zadataka

In the process of mathematics education, the development of students' cognitive capacities is stimulated, and thus mathematics education is a key area in which the process of intellectual education in schools takes place. This paper looks at some of the key characteristics of this process, focusing in particular on the role of the complex phenomenon known as the cognitive barrier, which occurs in the process of mathematical problem tasks. In mathematics education , a problem task is typically designed so as to contain that which is required in order to work out the solution. A cognitive barrier thus arises in students' thought process, as does a cognitive challenge of a certain level of intensity. In the process of overcoming the cognitive barrier in working out the solution to a mathematical problem, students have to put in a certain amount of cognitive effort and optimally engage the referential part of their cognitive capacities. The process of problem solving takes place through different thinking activities (thinking operations), and draws on prior knowledge and experience necessary for the efficient solving of certain groups of math tasks. The system of cognitive barriers should be an integral part of the implementation of the mathematics curriculum, so as to enable the initiation of students' thought processes at the optimal level, and the development of various mathematical cognitive microstructures (abilities, skills, knowledge), the development of the capacity for mathematical thinking, and the development of students' overall cognitive capacities.

Cognitive Barrier in Learning Ratio Concepts

Cognitive Barrier in Learning Ratio Concepts

COGNITIVE PROBLEMS OF DESIGNING BASED ON COMPUTER MODELS: TECHNICAL AND SOCIO-HUMANITARIAN ASPECTS

Cognitive problems resulting from the implementation of the designing of complex systems based on computer models are considered, including cognitive barrier and aberration of cognitive process. The reasons of these problems are both technical and socio-humanitarian. In neoliberalist capitalism the importance of the financial sector has increased. Turnover of generations of technical equipment is caused by economic rather than technical science problems or human needs. Innovative economy generates discourse of human changes to create a consumer, commensurate with the pace of technological progress. Economies-driven pace of technical change corresponds neither to human-dimension nor the tempo of a happy life. Dynamizing of basis leads to a dynamizing of moral sphere leads to transitory ethics. The latency of cognitive problems of design is a consequence of the need to get an innovative product in a strict time frame. In the context of the rule of technicism in science and the inevitable adoption of the results of design activity to the life, design activity must be accompanied by a philosophical reflection.