Cognitive Apprenticeship Theory Research Articles

Enhancing Translation Competence: Investigating Summarization Impact on English/French to Arabic Translation.

The training of oral and written summarization is embedded in Cognitive Apprenticeship Theory (CAT). This study examines how this form of intervention can improve the long-term reading comprehension skills of students at the Intermediate level; under a program to train translators in English/French into Arabic. It assesses the effectiveness of individual learning and cooperative study methods. One group was given personalized learning, another collaborative; both were split further into spoken and written groups. The 120 students in this cohort all came from the translation studies department at Al-Noor University College (all under age 23). During the six sessions, a delayed post-test used summarization and cooperation scales. The results obtained from one-way ANOVA clarify the impact of summarization training, with verbal groups performing better than written and control learning. In the delayed post-test, groups engaged in collaborative learning notably improved. According to survey results, questions about teacher and student feedback offer mainly positive evaluations of summarization strategies and collaborative learning in translation studies. This study stresses the advanced reading skills in translation studies students gained through summarization training or collaborative learning. This study investigates if there are significant differences in the delayed improvement of reading skills among Translation Department students due to different patterns of summarization training, individually and collaboratively. It also investigates whether there is a significant difference in the delayed effects on reading skills between collaborative and individual approaches, as well as summarizing strategies perception among teachers and students working in Translation Departments

Proposal of Learning Support Model for Teacher-Type Robot Supporting Learning According to Learner’s Perplexed Facial Expressions

The introduction of ICT into education in educational settings has become increasingly common. Among these, the research and development of educational support robots have attracted attention. Conventional robots provide academic support through button operation by the learner. However, it has been reported that excessive requests for academic support can be problematic in environments in which learners can freely request academic support. To solve this problem, we developed a perplexion estimation method that estimates the state of perplexion from the learner’s facial expression. When educational support is provided using the proposed method, the robot can autonomously provide academic support. Simulation experiments demonstrated that the perplexion estimation method has the potential to accurately estimate the learner’s state. However, there is still no dedicated model for educational support robots that utilizes the perplexion estimation method. Therefore, this paper proposes an apprenticeship promotion model that integrates a learning support method based on cognitive apprenticeship theory and our perplexion estimation method. We then verified the learning effects of the robot equipped with the proposed model on the learner through participant experiments. The experimental results suggest that the robot equipped with the proposed model not only provides the same learning effect to university students as a conventional robot, but also can autonomously provide academic support at the optimal timing.

An Investigation on Factors Affecting the Teaching of Practical Assessment Tasks in the Senior Phase Technology Classrooms

This paper investigated factors affecting the teaching of practical assessment tasks in the Senior Phase Technology classroom at Ehlanzeni District in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. The study follows the case study design. Three teachers were purposively sampled from three different schools based on their experience in teaching Technology in the Senior Phase. This paper is grounded on the Cognitive Apprenticeship theory. Qualitative data were collected using interviews. The data was analysed thematically. The emerging themes from the study were teachers’ knowledge and skills, resources and class size as contributing factors affecting the execution of practical assessment tasks in the Senior Phase Technology classroom. The study findings have adverse effects on learners’ achievements in practical assessment tasks, especially in design process skills.

Assessing Cognitive Apprenticeship Impact on Clinical Reasoning in Third-Year Student Pharmacists

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of implementing a cognitive apprenticeship theory (CAT) model into a Doctor of Pharmacy course in improving clinical reasoning skills of third-year student pharmacists over time and preparing them for Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPEs). MethodsThis was a single center, nonrandomized, observational before-and-after study from January 2022 through May 2022. Third-year student pharmacists enrolled in the Critical Care Integrated Drugs and Disease pharmacotherapy course at the University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy were administered a well-established and nationally recognized clinical patient case assessment on weeks 1 and 15 of the course. Students were asked to prioritize patient problems and provide recommendations for therapy, goals, and monitoring. Responses were then scored using a predefined case key. In addition, student pharmacists were asked to self-evaluate their confidence in APPE readiness on a 5-point Likert scale. ResultsOf the 136 student pharmacists enrolled in the course, 92 (68%) student pharmacists completed both week 1 and week 15 clinical cases and self-assessment surveys, provided informed consent, and were included. Cumulative clinical case scores were significantly increased from week 1 to week 15 (34.8 vs 39.7). In addition, significant improvement was seen in overall problem prioritization, overall recommendations, and self-perceived preparedness for APPE rotations. ConclusionThe use of a CAT model into a 15-week pharmacotherapy course improved comprehensive scores of clinical reasoning assessment in third-year student pharmacists and was associated with increased self-perceived confidence and readiness for APPEs.

인지적 도제학습 기반 미디어 리터러시 교육 연구

The purpose of this study is to conduct media literacy education based on the theory of cognitive apprenticeship and to find out the educational effects. This study presupposes that media literacy education is necessary in Korean language education. Media literacy education through the cognitive apprenticeship learning method is expected to have high educational effects. First, classes for media literacy education were organized and tasks were set. And media literacy education was implemented. Media literacy education was conducted for two years, and a total of 102 learners participated in the experiment. Classes were conducted based on the educational content set in this study. As a result of the learner’s pre-post verification, it was confirmed that there is an educational effect in ‘learner’s vocabulary use ability’, ‘reading comprehension ability’, ‘confidence in writing’, and ‘efficacy in writing’. The satisfaction of the learners was high, and the educational effect was confirmed in the learning testimonials.

A Comparative Study of High School Students' Math Achievement and Attitudes: Do Math Teacher Qualifications Matter?

Using nationally representative High School Longitudinal Study of 2009 data, this quantitative study examined how math teacher qualifications affect U. S. 9th graders’ math achievement and attitudes. The study is guided by the Cognitive Apprenticeship Theory that emphasizes that expert teachers enable students to learn as apprentices and construct knowledge within the activity, context, and culture in which it is learned. The study shows that not only does cognitive apprenticeship enable skill development and knowledge acquisition, but it shapes student math self-efficacy and interest in the subject, and it develops their math identity if students viewed math teachers as role models. The study employs a comparative research design to explore the main effects and interaction between teachers’ credential type and field of study degree on student outcomes. One notable finding is that teacher credentials (i.e., level of education certification) affected student math achievement and math identity but had weaker effects on math self-efficacy, math utility and interest in math courses. Second, holding a math degree affected students’ math achievement and math identity, while holding a degree in education had some positive effects on increasing students’ interest in math courses. Results have direct implications for the field of Mathematics Education showing that teacher qualifications affect student beliefs and attitudes toward mathematics.

PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCES OF MENTORING RELATIONSHIPS DURING TEACHING PRACTICE

Ponte Academic JournalJan 2023, Volume 79, Issue 1 PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ EXPERIENCES OF MENTORING RELATIONSHIPS DURING TEACHING PRACTICEAuthor(s): Lerato Hlengiwe Sokhulu ,Nomkhosi NzimandeJ. Ponte - Jan 2023 - Volume 79 - Issue 1 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2023.1.5 Abstract:Mentorship is a global phenomenon where a skilled individual trains a less experienced individual. Pre-service teachers often learn the necessary skills and knowledge they can use during teaching practice as future teachers. This learning usually requires pre-service teachers (mentees) and in-service teachers (mentors) to establish good and professional relationships where there is support, learning, and professional growth. The purpose of this study was to explore experiences of mentoring relationships that mentees form with their mentors during their teaching practice. This study employed a qualitative approach within a case study methodology. Three undergraduate pre-service teachers were purposively selected to generate data on their mentoring experiences, allowing them to form specific relationships with their mentors. Semi-structured interviews were used to generate data from these participants. The data was analysed using thematic analysis in conjunction with the Cognitive Apprenticeship Theory (CAT). The findings of the study indicated that mentees were able to establish positive mentoring relationships with their mentors, which were influenced by many factors such as professionalism and prior interaction. However, in certain experiences, participants faced challenges in establishing professional relationships with some of their mentors. Therefore, we concluded that the participants in this study can use what seemed to be negative relationship experiences as learning curves for their future teaching careers. Moreover, the study recommended that agency should be developed with mentees to be able to deal with both positive and negative mentoring relationships. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

Designing and Delivering Experiential Journalism Tasks in Online Environments: A Framework Grounded in Cognitive Apprenticeship Theory

ABSTRACT Before the COVID-19 pandemic, journalism and mass communication (JMC) schools were increasingly integrating online educational delivery into their programming. The pandemic then forced instructors to transition all programming almost overnight to emergency remote teaching environments. This had an acute disruption on applied courses within JMC professions. As higher education pivots toward an uncertain future amidst a likely endemic COVID-19, JMC instructors will need access to evidence-supported pedagogy that can be contextualized across modalities. This five-round Delphi study featured a panel of 24 experienced online JMC educators, who co-constructed a framework of pedagogical practices and instructional design strategies for designing, delivering, supporting, and evaluating rigorous experiential learning activities in online environments. The resulting framework—called The EXCEL Online Framework—is comprised of 36 primary and 59 ancillary practices that JMC educators can contextualize to their online courses. Analysis revealed the primary practices aligned closely with principles of the Cognitive Apprenticeship Model.

대중가요 작사교육이 여고생의 스트레스 뇌파 및 정서지능에 미치는 효과

This study aims to validate the necessity and justification of popular song lyric education by verifying the effect of popular song lyric education on stress-related brainwaves and the emotional intelligence of female high school students. Lyrics in popular songs are language and symbols that create meaning based on their interpretation. The meaning is shared with the public in various ways (Choi Sang-jin, 2001). Adolescents, the primary consumers of popular music, also feel more familiar with pop lyrics than other reading materials. They relate to their contents (Gong Gyu-taek & Cho Woon-ah 2016). Adolescents tend to show emotional anxiety, impulsiveness, and duality due to psychological and physiological changes from rapid growth (Park So-young 2017, Kim Hyung-hee 2013). Considering that female students spend more time listening to music than male students (Lee Jung-yoon, 2014:15; Miranda & Claes, 2009:229), popular song lyric education using familiar and preferred elements might be effective for female adolescent high school students. A 10-week-lyric education program was devised based on cognitive apprenticeship theory. It was evaluated for scientific validity by examining high school female students’ emotional intelligence. Stress brainwaves were compared before and after popular song lyric education to confirm differences before and after popular song lyric education. The study were 2nd-grade female high school students at S high school in Seoul. The survey was administered by dividing them into 22 comparison groups who participated in popular song lyric education and 19 who did not. The popular song lyric education was conducted over 10 sessions once a week for 50 minutes from March to July 2021. The collected EEG data used the frequency series power spectrum analysis method by fast Fourier transform (FFT) using linear analysis and statistical processing. The IBM SPSS/WIN Version 25.0 program was used for calculations. Effectiveness differences between the groups before and after popular song lyric education was performed using Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon Signed rank test. The results showed significant differences in stress brainwaves and emotional intelligence. First, stress brainwave analysis, after popular song lyric education, the values of ‘physical tension and stress left and right’ and psychological distraction and stress left and right’ were decreased. Second, differences in linguistic intelligence were detected between groups before and after popular song lyric education. Finally, significant improvements were shown in the fields of ‘emotional engagement,’ ‘thinking promotion,’ ‘emotional control,’ and ‘emotional utilization,’ among other sub-areas. The study clarifies the role of neuroscience’s exploration of popular music education. However, further research is required to build a meaningful scientific foundation for understanding popular music’s effects on the brain.

Implementing cognitive apprenticeship theory for an ethics module within a first-year pharmacy skills course

Background and purposeCritical thinking and problem solving are two skills required to be a successful pharmacist. These skills are often difficult to teach and assess within the classroom. Cognitive apprenticeship theory has been discussed in literature to foster the cognitive and meta-cognitive processes of thinking. Coordinators of a first year Pharmaceutical Skills I course explore how they incorporated this theory into an ethics module to enhance student awareness of thinking and application. Educational activity and settingAn ethics module was incorporated into a first year doctor of pharmacy skills course in fall 2021. This module was developed following the four dimensions of cognitive apprenticeship. Lecture materials and ethical debate topics were created by course coordinators and mirrored real time ethical issues surrounding the field of pharmacy. Students were required to use primary literature, the American Pharmacists' Association Code of Ethics, and other ethical terms to support their arguments. Cognitive apprenticeship theory was used throughout the module and post-debate discussions. FindingsThe ethics module presented in this course incorporated all dimensions of cognitive apprenticeship. Course coordinators perceived students were able to apply knowledge of ethical principles to scenarios and debates in an effective manner. Purposeful introduction, reiteration, and application offers students the chance to showcase critical thinking and ethical reasoning. SummaryUtilizing the cognitive apprenticeship theory to prepare students for critical thinking is effective when incorporated into a course module. This theory could be successfully implemented into other topics throughout the course and throughout the pharmacy curriculum.

Self-directed Learning (SDL) and Development of Competencies among Students of the University of Bamenda

Purpose: This study examines the relationship between self-directed learning (SDL) and development of competencies among students of the University of Bamenda (UBa).
 Methodology: The argument for this study anchored on Vygosky’s Social Constructivism Theory, Cognitive Apprenticeship Theory of Collins et al., and Tchombe’s Mediated Mutual Reciprocity Theory. A correlational survey research design, with a quantitative approach for data collection was used. A sample of 254 students, derived using two probability (stratified random and simple random) sampling techniques and two non-probability (convenience and purposive) sampling techniques, participated in this study. Data obtained were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. The Spearman’s Rho correlation test was used to test the specific research hypotheses.
 Findings: Findings showed that, there is a significant and positive relationship between identification of learning problems and development of competencies among students (P<0.000) (R=0.410**). Similarly, findings on hypothesis two showed that there is a significant relationship between application of appropriate learning strategies and development of competencies among students (P<0.027)(R=0.139*). Lastly, findings on hypothesis three showed that there is a significant relationship between assessment and evaluation of learning and development of competencies among students (P<0.000) (R=0.525**).
 Recommendations: Based on these findings, it was recommended that there is need for bias towards action, a competence-based curriculum, and respect of format, frequency and feedback for assessment and evaluation. Additionally, Universities should adopt the SDL model as a learning strategy and develop strategies to overcome obstacles that hinder its application, as well as train teachers on the didactics of the blended learning model.

Exploring cognitive apprenticeship and teaching practices in pharmacy education

Health professions schools in the United States and internationally have engaged in curricular changes to better prepare students for the future of health care. However, designing or selecting evidence-based teaching activities can be a challenge. Research suggests the Cognitive Apprenticeship theory is an effective framework for the health professions to inform instruction design, yet these studies have mainly focused on the clinical setting and not the didactic learning environment. This study used qualitative methods to explore the Cognitive Apprenticeship framework in the didactic learning environment and the teaching practices that pharmacy faculty used to explicate their expert thinking to students. Faculty were observed using all four Cognitive Apprenticeship dimensions (ie, Content, Sequencing, Methods, Sociology) in their teaching practice. Patterns were observed in the data revealing complex, short and sometimes spontaneous teaching practices that faculty used to promote learning.

Mixed reality environment for learning sensing technology applications in Construction: A usability study

Mixed reality is gradually becoming ubiquitous and significant in education owning to the inherent benefits of active participation and tacit knowledge development in a safe and engaging environment. However, limited studies have explored design features that facilitate its use as a pedagogical tool in construction education, particularly in equipping students with experiential skills that are otherwise challenging to obtain due to resource constraints and limited access to construction sites. By evaluating eye tracking, usability questions, and think-aloud protocol data and verbal feedback, this study investigated the usability of a mixed reality environment designed for equipping construction engineering students with competencies for deploying sensing technologies on construction projects. Results revealed features such as accuracy of represented construction activities, quality of animations, and easy access to information and resources as important for designing efficient mixed reality learning environments. While the usability data suggested that the user interface was usable, eye tracking provided profundity on encountered difficulties with the user interface. Through concise outline and sequential design of the user interface, this study revealed that knowledge scaffolding can improve task performance in a mixed reality learning environment. This study adds value to existing literature, in particular by providing insights into the affordances of mixed reality environments that address the technological gap between the construction industry and construction engineering education. The mixed reality learning environment contributes to the cognitive apprenticeship theory through the use of game objects to develop procedural knowledge for addressing construction industry challenges with sensing technologies.

Evaluating a Structured Online Peer Evaluation System Among Graduate-Level Communication Capstone Students Through Action Research

Although enrollment in online courses continues to accelerate, challenges exist in online learning. A failure to experience collaboration and interaction can impact student retention and success. While peer review activity promotes student interaction, a collaborative community of learners, and critical thinking skills, higher education environments have failed to equip students with the knowledge and tools to ensure adept participation. As students offered limited participation and low-quality engagement in routine online peer review activities, the purpose of this action research was to implement and evaluate the impact of a structured online peer evaluation system for Graduate Communication Capstone students at the University of North Coast Muscari (UNCM). This study incorporated a structured peer evaluation system, including an interactive educational technology peer review tool kit innovation. The theoretical framework of the innovation was aligned to learning theory and grounded in Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development, cognitive and mind tools, and Constructivist theory of cognitive apprenticeship. Data collection offered seven methods and data analysis included quantitative and qualitative approaches as part of a triangulation mixed methods design. Community of Inquiry (CoI) deductive analysis was performed to denote social and cognitive presences, while further validating the themes that had emerged through qualitative data analysis. As an impact of this research study, students used the structured peer evaluation system to transform anxiety into social and cognitive freedom, producing a focused, responsible approach to peer learning.

Perceived Effectiveness of Developing a Mobile System of Formative Test with Handwriting Revision to Devise an Instruction Design Based on Cognitive Apprenticeship Theory

Education helps increase socioeconomic mobility and is an important way of leaving poverty according to the United Nations, especially since COVID-19 hit the world hard in early 2020. A Mobile System of Formative Tests with Handwriting Revision is proposed in the paper, called the MSFT system. The MSFT is developed from the cognitive apprenticeship theory (CAT) in instructional design. The instruction model can be utilized for higher education mathematics teaching/studying for quiz-oriented instruction inside traditional classrooms as well as for distance-learning modes. The MSFT platform provides college undergraduates and graduates an app for a handheld device, which is used to upload their answer sheets with captured photos to the cloud database server. Moreover, instructors can use the platform to revise or assess answer sheets with instructors’ handwriting through web interfaces or apps. Important features of the integrated platform for teachers are (1) grading answer sheets by handwriting, (2) correcting mistakes in the answer sheets by handwriting, (3) writing down instructors’ comments on students’ answer sheets directly, and (4) choosing examples to demonstrate during class presentation, in a single window through web applications. To evaluate MSFT performance and service level for students, a questionnaire survey was conducted for 51 students and separated into an experimental group and a control group. Results from the experiment show that learning attitudes and learning satisfaction were significantly increased with the MSFT system in the experimental group compared to the control group.

Exploring Thai Teachers’ Perspectives on Evidence-informed Practices in Inclusive Early Childhood Education

Evidence-informed practices play vital roles in teaching and learning in inclusive schools; however, limited research has been conducted to explore inclusive early childhood teachers’ perspectives on research-informed teaching. This study, which was informed by the Cognitive Apprenticeship Theory (CAT), used structured and online focus groups to explore the views of 26 inclusive early childhood teachers in Thailand regarding their understanding and value for evidence-informed practice, how they source, analyse and use evidence to inform their professional practice and the factors supporting or inhibiting evidence-informed practices in their schools. A combination of framework and descriptive data analysis identified findings suggesting teachers value evidence-informed teaching. Still, they need to gain more skills in identifying, analysing and using evidence from relevant academic journals in their professional context. In addition, teachers’ endeavours to access and use scholarly resources were also inhibited by a lack of professional skills, time, and support from school leadership. The findings validate Cognitive Apprenticeship Theory suggesting the need for research skills training and including teachers as co-constructors of research knowledge. These processes can lead schools to better integrate research into practice in early childhood educational settings.

Exploring EFL Learners’ Comments on Web-Based Peer Feedback: Local and Global Revisions

The purpose of this empirical study was to explore the interactional commenting patterns that EFL learners produced in web-based peer feedback and correlate them with the learners’ writing achievement. The study employed a quasi-experimental design built on the Theory of Cognitive Apprenticeship (Collins, 1991), which gives emphasis on coaching (local revision) and scaffolding (global revision) processes. The context of the study was in a public university in Oman and 50 participants were involved in a selected range of online peer-feedback processes, synchronously and asynchronously. A paired samples t-test showed that students were able to improve their grammar range and accuracy in writing essays more than other scaling categories (e.g. content and organization). The results of the qualitative analysis indicated that students produced far more comments synchronously than asynchronously, and most of the students’ exchanges were on forms. The findings of this study could be a practical reference for those who plan to cultivate the use of technology in peer feedback practice. 

Implementing cognitive apprenticeship theory into the design of a doctor of pharmacy course

Background and purposeCognitive apprenticeship theory is a model instructors can use to develop expert thinking in a classroom setting. Cognitive apprenticeship theory has been discussed in the literature; however, descriptions of its application in the classroom setting are lacking. We describe how cognitive apprenticeship guided the development and implementation of a new critical care course with a goal of making expert thinking “visible” to students. Educational activity and settingA four-credit-hour course implemented in the 2018–2019 academic year was developed around the dimensions of cognitive apprenticeship. Clinical pharmacists with the affiliated healthcare system contributed to the design and implementation. Elements of the course in which cognitive apprenticeship theory guided the design included pre-class work, in-class group work, and an attending-facilitated discussion session. FindingsAll four dimensions of cognitive apprenticeship were incorporated throughout the course. The course coordinator perceived that student questions and the quality of the discussion were higher level than in previous years. SummaryCognitive apprenticeship theory can be used to design and implement a professional doctor of pharmacy course that prepares students for the types of thinking required in practice. We believe this model could be successfully implemented at other schools of pharmacy.

Script Concordance and the Think-Aloud Approach Through the Lens of Cognitive Apprenticeship Theory.

Script concordance (SC) and the think-aloud (TA) approach informed by cognitive apprenticeship theory can promote clinical reasoning. The purpose of this study was to determine whether SC with the TA approach based on the tenets of cognitive apprenticeship theory facilitated clinical reasoning in senior-level prelicensure nursing students in a baccalaureate program. This study was executed in a didactic pediatric nursing course using a quantitative, nonexperimental design. Creation of the SC/TA learning activity was grounded in cognitive apprenticeship theory and based on the SC testing/TA testing method. Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a difference (P = .001 and .003) between earlier and later SC scores for the fall 2018 cohort. The SC/TA teaching/learning activity informed by cognitive apprenticeship theory offers a leveled approach to foster clinical reasoning in prelicensure nursing education.

Program elements’ impact on chemistry doctoral students’ professional development: a longitudinal study

The goal of graduate education has consistently been to produce independent scientists who can advance the knowledge of their fields, which has led to a series of staple elements in graduate components (i.e. research, courses, seminars, etc.) However, criticisms of graduate education in chemistry have been raised, stating that the current structure no longer matches the needs of our changing world, that it fails to prepare students for present and future careers in academia, industry, and government work. Suggestions have been made for improvement, but there is a lack of research investigating how graduate students actually grow professionally given the current common programmatic elements. To that end, a longitudinal, qualitative case study was conducted. Four chemistry graduate students were interviewed about their professional growth every 6 months during their first two years of graduate school based on their personal experiences to determine the impact of programmatic elements on graduate students’ professional development. Socialization theory and cognitive apprenticeship theory provided the lens for the development of the semi-structured interviews. Through the use of iterative thematic coding, evidence of five main themes was found: Career preparation, environment, perceived value, scepticism or faith in the system, and support. These themes bring into question the extent to which chemistry programs (of similar characteristics to those studied) are meeting their ethical responsibility of preparing students for the changing dynamics of careers that chemists assume. It was found that, in certain circumstances, the current chemistry graduate education structure falls short of those goals.