Cognitive Behavior Modification Research Articles

Amelioration: An Innovative Approach to Behavior Management Based on Cognitive Process.

The study aimed to determine the applicability of psychological traits identified by Piaget sixty years ago to children in the current generation and to utilize these traits clinically for behavior modification. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 200 participants aged 4-7, divided into four groups. Three tests were administered to evaluate the manifestation of preoperational features. Based on the most noticeable aspect of cognitive development, tailored behavior management strategies were applied to help improve cooperation among the children. The study utilized Frankl's behavior rating scale both before and after the intervention, and statistical analysis was performed to assess the outcomes. Contrary to Piaget's findings, the study revealed that 94% of children displayed egocentrism and centration at the age of four, with these traits gradually decreasing from four to seven years old. Moreover, better patient cooperation was observed when cognitive-based behavior management techniques were employed clinically, and the improvement was statistically significant at P < 0.001. The study concluded that the Amelioration, a cognitive feature-based behavior modification technique, represented the most effective way to elicit cooperative responses from children. This technique can be considered a novel and pioneering behavior management strategy for enhancing patient cooperation.

Effects of cognitive training and behavior modification on aggressive behavior and sleep quality in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is linked to a heightened risk of impulsive aggression and disturbances in sleep patterns. Cognitive and social cognitive impairments have been connected to aggression, with social cognitive deficits appearing to play a more immediate role. In this investigation, we conducted a retrospective analysis of the impact of cognitive training and sleep interventions on aggressive behavior and the quality of sleep among individuals with SCZ who were hospitalized. This study divided 80 hospitalized patients into two groups according to medical advice, namely the normal group and the study group. The control group received routine drug treatment and education; The research group implemented cognitive training and sleep intervention based on the normal group. Collect basic clinical data, aggressive behavior indicators, and sleep quality indicators. There is no difference in the basic information statistics between the two groups. Both groups can reduce aggressive behavior and improve sleep quality. In the study group, there was a notable decrease in aggressive behavior compared to the control group. Furthermore, the sleep quality in the study group exhibited significant improvement when compared to the control group. Cognitive training and sleep intervention have been proven to be effective nonpharmacological treatments, effectively reducing aggressive behavior and improving sleep quality.

성폭력 피해자의 외상후스트레스 영향요인

The objective of this study is to identify the factors that are associated with post-traumatic stress among adult survivors of sexual violence, with a specific emphasis on the phenomenon known as ‘secondary victimization’. We conducted an analysis on 134 adult survivors of sexual violence, using a cognitive-behavioral modification model that examines the relationship between cognitive responses to sexual violence experiences and their subsequent effects. This analysis was based on data obtained from a preliminary survey study that explored the characteristics of sexual violence victims, categorized by the type of victimization. The study findings suggest that individuals tend to reevaluate their own experiences of victimization based on the responses of others, leading to a detrimental effect on post-traumatic stress, such as trauma. Therefore, secondary victimization endured by survivors of sexual abuse arises from elements within their environment, including responses from those around them, legal protocols such as investigative procedures, and support services such as medical systems. Hence, in order to recognize the many manifestations of secondary victimization in cases of sexual violence and develop personalized strategies, it is imperative to implement legislative initiatives that safeguard the well-being of survivors and mitigate the occurrence of secondary victimization.

Digital Cognitive Behavior Modification Module to Reduce Cyberbullying Behavior

Cyberbullying among teenagers is increasingly common and is disturbing the world of education. Cyberbullying has a severe negative impact on the psychological, emotional and social fields, which leads to fear, anxiety and suicide. This research aims to produce a product in the form of a digital cognitive behaviour modification module to reduce cyberbullying behaviour, which has been tested as valid and can be used by guidance and counselling teachers and counsellors. This research uses a type of research and development using the ADDIE procedural model. The module material was obtained from an analysis of students' cyberbullying behaviour needs; then, a module feasibility test was carried out by 2 material experts and 2 media experts. Usability test by 3 guidance and counselling teachers. The methods used to collect data are observation, interviews and questionnaires. The instrument used to collect data was a questionnaire. The techniques used to analyze the data are descriptive analysis and non-parametric analysis. The results of this research are that the digital cognitive behaviour modification module to reduce cyberbullying behaviour is in the very appropriate category from experts and has received results. The practicality test results of the digital module are in a very good class. It was concluded that the digital module prepared was suitable for implementation or use by guidance and counselling teachers and counsellors. The implication of this research is that the digital module developed helps counselors and guidance and counseling teachers in providing services to their clients.

Pedagogical Design Considerations for Mobile Augmented Reality Serious Games (MARSGs): A Literature Review

As technology advances, conceptualizations of effective strategies for teaching and learning shift. Due in part to their facilitation of unique affordances for learning, mobile devices, augmented reality, and games are all becoming more prominent elements in learning environments. In this work, we examine mobile augmented reality serious games (MARSGs) as the intersection of these technology-based experiences and to what effect their combination can yield even greater learning outcomes. We present a PRISMA review of 23 papers (from 610) spanning the entire literature timeline from 2002–2023. Among these works, there is wide variability in the realized application of game elements and pedagogical theories underpinning the game experience. For an educational tool to be effective, it must be designed to facilitate learning while anchored by pedagogical theory. Given that most MARSG developers are not pedagogical experts, this review further provides design considerations regarding which game elements might proffer the best of three major pedagogical theories for modern learning (cognitive constructivism, social constructivism, and behaviorism) based on existing applications. We will also briefly touch on radical constructivism and the instructional elements embedded within MARSGs. Lastly, this work offers a synthesis of current MARSG findings and extended future directions for MARSG development.

Mindfulness traits as potential inhibitor of irrational performance beliefs and intolerance of uncertainty amongst elite female basketball players

Dispositional mindfulness promotes adaptive responses to pressure situations and reduce anxiety and emotional distress, which are common manifestations in sport. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of mindfulness characteristics in the display of irrational performance beliefs and intolerance of uncertainty amongst a sample of elite female basketball players (N = 67, Mage = 25.73 years, SD = 4.4). An online Qualtrics survey containing demographic items, the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale, Irrational Performance Beliefs Inventory, and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale was used to collect the study data, which were analysed using SPSS. The results from both Pearson correlation coefficient and simple linear regression analyses indicated that higher levels of dispositional mindfulness are significantly related to elite female basketball players having fewer irrational beliefs about their performance and being more tolerant of uncertain situations in their sport. One-way analysis of variance further indicated a significant difference between low, average, and high mindfulness groups, with Tukey's post-hoc analyses confirming that participants with high mindfulness displayed significantly fewer rigid, extreme, self-defeating performance beliefs in sport, and were less prone to impulsive reactions to uncertain circumstances compared to participants with low mindfulness. Sport psychology practitioners are encouraged to consider the integration of mindfulness assessment and training protocols with traditional cognitive behaviour modification approaches to counter female basketball players’ display of distorted beliefs in sport and adverse reactions to ambiguous experiences.

Non-pharmaceutical management of chronic pain

Chronic pain is a complex and pervasive condition that challenges both individuals and healthcare systems. In light of concerns about overreliance on pharmacological interventions, non-pharmacological approaches have gained prominence in chronic pain management. This article explores the scientific basis and benefits of diverse non-pharmacological interventions, including physical exercise, manual therapies, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), meditation, acupuncture, and herbal medicine, in alleviating chronic pain. Each intervention's mechanisms of action are elucidated, shedding light on their physiological and psychological effects. Physical exercise has emerged as a cornerstone of non-pharmacological pain management, offering benefits such as pain reduction, enhanced mobility, and improved quality of life. Mechanisms encompass endorphin release, anti-inflammatory effects, and central nervous system modulation. Manual therapies, represented by chiropractic manipulation, osteopathic manipulative treatment , and massage therapy, demonstrate significant pain relief through mechanisms involving joint mobilization, muscle relaxation, and neurophysiological responses. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) operates through cognitive restructuring, behavioral modification, and pain perception modulation. Meditation practices, such as mindfulness and meditation-based pain relief, cultivate mindfulness and promote emotional regulation, leading to reduced pain perception and improved overall well-being. Acupuncture, a traditional Chinese therapy, involves needling specific points to achieve pain relief through mechanisms like endorphin release, neural pathway modulation, and anti-inflammatory effects. Herbal medicine, with its rich pharmacopeia, contributes to pain management through anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and muscle relaxant properties. Mechanisms encompass modulation of neurotransmitters, prostaglandins, and ion channels. Collectively, these non-pharmacological interventions empower individuals to actively engage in their pain management and improve their quality of life.

Analysis of the Prison Justice Reforms Act

Purpose: The aim of the study is to analyze the Prison Justice Reform Act&#x0D; Methodology: This study adopted a desktop methodology. This study used secondary data from which include review of existing literature from already published studies and reports that was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.&#x0D; Findings: The study shows that rehabilitation and education programs were major reforms introduced in prisons. Rehabilitation programs aimed at enhancing job readiness, seeking skills, which equip the inmate with job search techniques and job behavioral health support. The study also shows that prison education programme was found to be of great benefit to the ex-convicts and the benefit trickle down to the community at large.&#x0D; Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was anchored on Cognitive behavior modification theory and legitimacy theory. The study recommended that prisons should focus on the importance of incorporating the knowledge of rehabilitation programs of initiative into the mainstream private sector and public policy decision making.

The Development of a Tutorial Video on Cognitive Behavior Modification for School Counselors to Address Anxiety Cases

This study aims to describe (1) the needs of the tutorial video on Cognitive Behavior Modification (CBM) counseling for the school counselors in Makassar to address student anxiety, (2) the prototype of the CBM tutorial video for the school counselors inMakassar to address student anxiety, and (3) the validity of the CBM tutorial video for the school counselors in Makassar to address student anxiety. This study adopted a research and development design by Borg &amp; Gall (2003). Questionnaires, interviews and scale were used to collect data. The results of the study revealed that (1) the tutorial video on Cognitive Behavior Modification (CBM) counseling was needed by the school counselors in Makassar to address student anxiety, (2) the video consisted of two parts: an overview of the CBM approach and the steps of CBM counseling, and (3) the tutorial video on Cognitive Behavior Modification (CBM) counseling for the school counselors in Makassar to address student anxiety was found to be valid to use.

Cognitive fusion and treatment response to depression in caregivers of relatives with dementia.

Caring for a relative with dementia is associated with negative psychological consequences for the caregivers, such as depression. Cognitive fusion is considered a key process of psychological inflexibility, associated with psychological distress. The aim of this study is to analyze whether baseline levels of cognitive fusion predict different treatment response of depressive symptoms, comparing individual Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy (CBT) interventions and a control group. A total of 130 family caregivers participated in the study: ACT intervention (N = 49), CBT intervention (N = 41) and control group (N = 40). Moderation analyses were conducted. The results show a significant effect of the interaction between baseline levels of cognitive fusion and the treatment condition (p < .05) on depressive symptoms. Specifically, caregivers in the CBT condition presented higher change in depressive symptoms than those in the control group when their baseline levels of cognitive fusion were low, medium and high. Participants in the ACT condition showed a greater change in depressive symptoms than participants in the control group when their baseline levels of cognitive fusion were medium and high. Finally, the findings suggest that caregivers in the ACT condition showed a greater change in depressive symptoms than those in the CBT condition when their baseline levels of cognitive fusion were high. These results seem to support the use of cognitive fusion as a screening tool for intervention assignment in clinical practice with dementia caregivers.

Santri Delinquency From Social Psychology Perspective

Juvenile delinquency occurs anywhere and anytime, including in Islamic boarding schools. Several studies have shown that students’ problematic behavior is sometimes strange and deviates from the rules of the Islamic boarding school. Therefore, the researcher seeks to deeply examine the juvenile delinquency of students in the Islamic boarding school community. This research is literature research, descriptive research, qualitative research, and exploratory which examines in-depth literature based on General and Social Psychology on Islamic boarding schools to find new aspects related to juvenile delinquency of santri. The analysis used a content analysis study and an in-depth discussion of the written information contents. The results indicated that juvenile delinquency students stem from unhealthy behavior; among the causes; are psychic instability, superego deficiency, control, and defective perceptual function. The therapy for problem students is cognitive behavioral therapy or Cognitive Behavior Modification, which combines cognitive and behavioral approaches to solve problems. Some efforts were: first, initial assessment and diagnosis; second, looking for the root of the problem from negative emotions, thought process deviations, and central beliefs related to the disorder; third, an intervention plan prepared by the counselor to provide positive-negative consequences for counseling; fourth, status formulation, therapeutic focus, behavioral intervention, and fifth is relapse prevention and self-help training

Efficacy and Acceptability of Remote Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Patients With Major Depressive Disorder in Japanese Clinical Settings: A Case Series

Remote cognitive and behavioral therapy (CBT) via videoconference has been garnering attention as a means of improving access to CBT for depression, in particular during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. However, there is a lack of evidence supporting its implementation in Japanese clinical settings. This case series aimed to establish preliminary evidence of whether remote CBT can be an effective therapy for major depression in Japanese clinical settings. Five patients who met the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder were enrolled and underwent remote CBT via videoconference and face-to-face assessment interviews. The results showed that remote CBT via videoconference improved depressive symptoms, enabling a relatively high level of patient satisfaction and working alliance. Moreover, detailed feedback from our patients showed that continuous monitoring was preferable for increasing treatment engagement. Further research is warranted to test the efficacy and acceptability of remote CBT via videoconference for treating major depression.

Antisocial behavior is associated with reduced frontoparietal activity to loss in a population-based sample of adolescents.

Adolescent antisocial behavior (AB) is a public health concern due to the high financial and social costs of AB on victims and perpetrators. Neural systems involved in reward and loss processing are thought to contribute to AB. However, investigations into these processes are limited: few have considered anticipatory and consummatory components of reward, response to loss, nor whether associations with AB may vary by level of callous-unemotional (CU) traits. A population-based community sample of 128 predominantly low-income youth (mean age = 15.9 years; 42% male) completed a monetary incentive delay task during fMRI. A multi-informant, multi-method latent variable approach was used to test associations between AB and neural response to reward and loss anticipation and outcome and whether CU traits moderated these associations. AB was not associated with neural response to reward but was associated with reduced frontoparietal activity during loss outcomes. This association was moderated by CU traits such that individuals with higher levels of AB and CU traits had the largest reductions in frontoparietal activity. Co-occurring AB and CU traits were also associated with increased precuneus response during loss anticipation. Findings indicate that AB is associated with reduced activity in brain regions involved in cognitive control, attention, and behavior modification during negative outcomes. Moreover, these reductions are most pronounced in youth with co-occurring CU traits. These findings have implications for understanding why adolescents involved in AB continue these behaviors despite severe negative consequences (e.g. incarceration).

Robotics and cbt and entertainment in the enhancement of children with asd, mental disorders, dysfunctional emotions and irrational beliefs

Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently present symptoms of various mental disorders along with the features that define ASD. Problems with anxiety, depression, emotion regulation, cognitive problems, such as deficits in theory of mind, and associated behavioral problems, occur in children with autism of all ages [5]. In recent years, the application of robots in therapeutic interventions for children with neurodevelopment disorders and more specifically in children with ASD, has aroused the interest of the robotic community and experts in the field of autism [3]. Socially Assistive Robots are promising in their potential to promote and support mental health in children with ASD. There is a growing number of studies investigating the feasibility and effectiveness of robot interventions in supporting children’s mental wellbeing, such as helping in anxiety, depression and socio-emotional problems [3, 4]. Several authors have also suggested Cognitive and Behavior Therapy (CBT) as a very useful intervention therapy, which can apply in combination with a social assistive robot [5, 6, 8]. CBT has specific strategies that can be very supportive and particularly useful for individual’s problems. Many applications of this combination have shown substantial improvements in stress management, contextualized emotion recognition and theory of mind. With a coordinated effort, robot, cbt techniques and collaboration with mental health consultants, children with ASD can improve their social, emotional and behavioral competence [5].

Eficácia Docente e Dificuldades Emocionais/Comportamentais Infantis: Resultados do Programa FAVA

ABSTRACT Through a quasi-experimental design, the results of FAcilitando o conVívio com Alunos - FAVA´s program for elementary school teachers, were evaluated, aiming at promoting teaching effectiveness and reducing child behavior problems, as measured by Teacher’s Effectiveness Beliefs Scale and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, respectively. The FAVA contemplated psychoeducation about cognitive model, socioemotional development and behavior modification. The comparison between experimental groups (GE1 that received complete intervention and GE2 that did not have the cognitive model) and comparison group showed the promotion of teaching staff effectiveness (GE2) and the reduction in the perception of child behavioral difficulties (GE1). The contribution of the cognitive model and socioemotional learning in interventions with teachers is emphasized.

Psychothérapie augmentée par la kétamine (KAP) dans les troubles de l’humeur : mode d’emploi

Ketamine, a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, is used as a fast-acting antidepressant therapy in depressive disorders. This treatment provokes dissociative effects associating derealization and depersonalization, and a synaptogenic signaling cascade promoting brain plasticity. Despite several preliminary studies suggesting the usefulness of its combination with psychotherapy, administration of ketamine isn’t generally combined with per- and post-infusion psychotherapy protocols in its clinical antidepressant use. However, the phenomenology of psychodysleptic experiences and the synaptogenic effect could potentiate cognitive and behavioral therapies (CBT). In this article, we purpose a practical protocol to Ketamine Augmented Psychotherapy (KAP) synthesizing contemporary data from the literature and our clinical experience. We detail proposals for clinical practice, and propose four important steps for the use of a psychodysleptic molecule for antidepressant purposes: preparation, administration, integration, and prolongation. Finally, we discuss the limits and prospects of this combination in the management of mood disorders.

Philosophical Counseling and Loneliness: An Interdisciplinary Approach

As individuals, the universal fear of loneliness and the desire to secure intimacy has consumed our thoughts and passions. Ever since the Old Testament and Plato’s dialogues, mankind has searched to gain understanding and insights into the dynamics of loneliness. Traditionally, Western thought has assumed, both theologically and philosophically, that the soul or self is a substance, an independent reality secure in-itself in distinction to an external material world. But following the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth-eighteenth centuries, science began systematically to question and even reject the “doctrine” of a personal identity. The roots of science are now steadfastly gaining ground in materialism, mechanism, determinism, empiricism, phenomenalism (as opposed to phenomenology), cognitive behaviorism, psychoanalysis, and the current neurosciences, which sciences assume that the lonely and passive patient is best “aided” and “treated” by the active agency and interventions of the clinical “specialist, which often requires pharmacological medications. By contrast, the article contends that philosophical and humanistic therapy and counseling offers a partnered alliance with the subject through interdisciplinary learning. Again, the learning is mutual. The subject controls the issues addressed; it is not a student-teacher relationship.

Insulin Resistance, Hyperandrogenism, and Its Associated Symptoms Are the Precipitating Factors for Depression in Women With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a combination of many symptoms resulting from hormonal imbalance, metabolic syndromes, hyperandrogenism, and anovulation. This paper explores the various etiopathology and mechanisms causing depression in women with PCOS and how to prevent and treat PCOS-induced depression. Women with PCOS present with multiple symptoms such as acne, hirsutism, androgenic alopecia, obesity, menstrual irregularities, infertility, and mood disturbances like depression and anxiety. Depression is the most common psychological problem faced by women with PCOS. The various pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to depression are Insulin resistance, disturbance in the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, hyperandrogenism and its clinical presentation, obesity, and infertility. Lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes and weight loss play a significant role in preventing and managing PCOS-induced depression. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and lifestyle modification have shown to be effective measures for weight loss in obese women with PCOS. Antidepressants also play a part in treating PCOS-induced depression. Over the last decade, the number of cases of depression in women with PCOS has increased. This paper provides detailed data on the fundamental causes of depression in women with PCOS to facilitate a more straightforward treatment approach.

"Third-wave" cognitive and behavioral therapies and the emergence of a process-based approach to intervention in psychiatry.

For decades, cognitive and behavioral therapies (CBTs) have been tested in randomized controlled trials for specific psychiatric syndromes that were assumed to represent expressions of latent diseases. Although these protocols were more effective as compared to psychological control conditions, placebo treatments, and even active pharmacotherapies, further advancement in efficacy and dissemination has been inhibited by a failure to focus on processes of change. This picture appears now to be evolving, due both to a collapse of the idea that mental disorders can be classified into distinct, discrete categories, and to the more central attention given to processes of change in newer, so-called "third-wave" CBTs. Here we review the context for this historic progress and evaluate the impact of these newer methods and models, not as protocols for treating syndromes, but as ways of targeting an expanded range of processes of change. Five key features of "third-wave" therapies are underlined: a focus on context and function; the view that new models and methods should build on other strands of CBT; a focus on broad and flexible repertoires vs. an approach to signs and symptoms; applying processes to the clinician, not just the client; and expanding into more complex issues historically more characteristic of humanistic, existential, analytic, or system-oriented approaches. We argue that these newer methods can be considered in the context of an idiographic approach to process-based functional analysis. Psychological processes of change can be organized into six dimensions: cognition, affect, attention, self, motivation and overt behavior. Several important processes of change combine two or more of these dimensions. Tailoring intervention strategies to target the appropriate processes in a given individual would be a major advance in psychiatry and an important step toward precision mental health care.

The Effectiveness of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program in Reducing Tics (motor &amp; vocal) in a Sample of Children with Tourette Syndrome

The current study aims verifying a behavior modification program (BMP) effectiveness, based on cognitive behavior modification strategies, in reducing (motor and vocal) tic levels among individuals with Tourette syndrome .The study sample comprised (10) children with Tourette syndrome aging between (9-17 years old).To achieve the study goals, the experimental approach was followed. Research tool were developed by Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS). The BMP consists of (12) sessions, one session per week and (60) minutes for each session. The study results indicated that there are significant statistical differences at (α = 0.05) of performance level of the sample on the pre and post tests on the YGTSS motor, vocal, damage assessment, and on the overall totals in favor of the post test. No Statistically significant differences at (α = 0.05) were found based on gender, age variables on tic levels (motor/vocal) of the sample in the post test. The results also indicated that there were no statistically significant differences (α = 0.05) between performance means levels of the sample on the post and sequential tests which can be attributed to the behavior modification program effect on both (Motor/vocal) dimensions, on all sub-dimensions of each dimension including(number, frequency, intensity, complexity, overlap of tics), as well as damage assessment and the total score of the scale.