Cognitive Agility Research Articles

The Effect of Mindfulness Practice on Individual Mental Resilience and Happiness

This study aims to assess mindfulness's impact on mental toughness & happiness, key mental health indicators. Mindfulness, a stress-relieving mental exercise, enhances cognitive agility, emotional control, & self-acceptance, thereby boosting these qualities. An 8-week MBSR program was tested on 100 adults, with half practicing MBSR. Assessments using CD-RISC & PWB scales showed significant improvements in mental toughness & happiness (p <.05) among MBSR participants, also reducing anxiety & depression. Mental toughness positively correlates with happiness. The study confirms mindfulness's efficacy in fostering mental resilience & happiness, contributing to mental health theories & interventions. Future work could explore tailored mindfulness practices for diverse groups.

Strobe training as a visual training method that improves performance in climbing.

Strobe training is a form of visual training where the athlete has to practice during intermittently dark conditions. Strobe training improves visual, perceptual, and cognitive skills, which will enhance athletic performance. Strobe training can influence multiple training components in climbing: psychological, tactical, physical, and technical training. The study was conducted on 17 elite climbers from Romania (10 male and 7 female), representing the entire National Youth Climbing Team. The research group was divided into a control group (n = 8) and an experimental group (n = 9). The used instruments were the Cognitrom battery (for cognitive skills, such as spatial skills and reactivity), the Witty SEM system (for motor-cognitive skills, such as cognitive agility, visual processing speed, and visual memory), and the International Rock Climbing Research Association (IRCRA) performance-related test battery for climbers (climbing-specific motor skills). The experimental group had 20 strobe training sessions, which took place during one calendar year, as an additional session to their climbing schedule done with their principal trainer. The strobe session was once a week, depending on the periodization of the macrocycle (preparatory, competitional, and transition periods). The control group and the experimental group had similar climbing training sessions during the 1-year macrocycle in terms of intensity and volume of their training. Strobe training improved on-sight performance (d = 0.38) and red-point performance (d = 0.36). Strobe training improved the majority of cognitive skills [all spatial skills (d = 1.27 for mental image transformation; d = 1.14 for spatial orientation; d = 1.59 for image generation) and simple reaction time (d = 0.99)]. Strobe training improved all motor-cognitive skills (d = 0.16 for visual memory; d = 1.96 for visual memory errors; d = 1.39 for visual processing speed; d = 1.94 for visual processing errors; d = 1.30 for cognitive agility). Strobe training improved many climbing-specific parameters (flexibility and upper body strength) (d = 0.44 and d = 0.47 for flexibility parameters; d = 0.50 to 0.73 for upper body strength parameters). Strobe training is an effective training method for enhancing performance that should be used on more experienced climbers. It acts more on spatial skills, rather than on reactivity skills, developing the visual-motor coordination system. Strobe training has greater effects on climbers aged below 16 years, as youth athletes rely more on visual input compared to adults. The improvement in climbing-specific variables was due to the additional climbing session done weekly. Strobe training acts more on the cognitive component of training than on the motor component of training in climbing.

Cognitive Agility and Mental Resilience: Preparing Leaders for Future Challenges

The United States Marine Corps (USMC) continues to prepare for conflict. A mixed method study explored leaders’ perception of cognitive agility and mental resilience preparedness for future challenges in planning, mission execution, and decision making. An online survey and in-person interviews addressed two research questions (RQ); What are the perceptions of leader preparedness to exercise cognitive agility and mental resilience for future challenges? What impact might a focused Decision Forcing Case (DFC) have on preparing leaders to exercise cognitive agility and mental resilience in planning, mission execution, and decision making for future challenges? Thematic coding of the data formed the literature themes and shaped a theoretical framework. Data analysis results identified three key points; Refine instruction to develop proactive, agile thinking leaders, increase confidence to prepare Marines to be proactive in uncertain and ambiguous environments, and be diligent with recommended revisions to curriculum design and implementations of educative approaches to best prepare leaders for future challenges. A summary of the findings discussed three future implications for designing education and training; Ensure leaders understand and exercise cognitive agility and mental resilience, develop courses and practical exercises focused on preparation for future conflict, and research, create, and incorporate focused DFCs, Tactical Decision Games (TDG), and Kriegspiels (KS) to evaluate and elevate Marines’ cognitive agility and mental resilience in planning, mission execution, and decision making for future challenges. Conclusively data supports leaders’ plans to develop and deliver deliberate curriculum to prepare leaders for 21st conflict.

Personality and Life Satisfaction among Parents of Children with Intellectual Disability: The mediating role of Cognitive Flexibility

The current research aims to measure the personality traits and life satisfaction among parents of children having intellectual disability with the mediating role of cognitive flexibility. The survey method was used to collect data from parents of children having intellectual disability. A sample 150 parents of children with intellectual disability was selected by using purposive sampling from south Punjab in special education centers and schools. HEXACO personality inventory-revised, Satisfaction with life questionnaire and Cognitive flexibility scales were used in collection of data. The data was analyzed through SPSS and AMOS (24.0). The results of bivariate correlation found that honesty-humility, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness and cognitive flexibility have significant positive association with life satisfaction, while emotionality has significant negative association with cognitive agility and life satisfaction. The results of Structural Equation Model found that honesty, and consciousness has significant positive impact on cognitive agility, and life satisfaction, whereas emotionality posted negative significant impact on cognitive flexibility and life satisfaction. Cognitive flexibility has noteworthy mediating role in relationship of honesty, emotionality, and consciousness with life satisfaction among parents with intellectual disability. In children gender differences through Independent Sample T-test found the honesty-humility, emotionality extraversion, conscientiousness, cognitive flexibility, and life satisfaction are significantly higher among parents of with male children as compared to parents with female children, while parents of female children have higher emotionality level as compared to parents of male children.

The Cognitive agility and its relationship to psychological fluency and psychological Tranquility among a sample of Yemeni youth

Positive psychology, as a contemporary trend, is concerned in cognitive agility with effective ability and skill, and the employment of psychological energy and positive emotions. The research aims to identify the level of cognitive agility, psychological fluency, and psychological reassurance among a sample of Yemeni youth, and to reveal the relationship of cognitive agility to both psychological fluency and psychological reassurance among them. In addition, to reveal the differences in the variables between sample members according to gender (male, female) and types of occupations. Descriptive correlation method was adopted. The research tools were applied: measures of cognitive agility, fluency, and psychological reassurance, on a sample of (122) Yemeni youth, who were randomly selected from the residents of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The most important results concluded that there is a high level of cognitive flexibility and fluency among the Yemeni youth surveyed. And the level of "above average" in their sense of psychological reassurance, and the existence of a relationship of cognitive agility with both psychological fluency and psychological reassurance, which is a significant correlation at the level of (0.01). There are statistically significant differences between males and females in the cognitive agility variable, which is significant in favor of females. There are statistically significant differences between the mean of males and females in the variable of psychological fluency in favor of males, and there are no statistically significant differences in psychological reassurance, likewise, there are no statistically significant differences in the three variables according to occupation.

An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Lived Experiences of People Who Have Diabetes

This study investigated the role of positive emotions, namely hope, in a sample of participants who have diabetes. A sample of five people with diabetes type 1 or 2 was interviewed to investigate their lived experiences in managing this chronic condition. Four superordinate themes were extracted: behavioral changes to manage a demanding disease, cognitive skills, and lifestyle, emotional reactions, hope, and a vision for the future. This study highlights that retaining hope is essential for envisioning the possibility of improvement of health conditions and a better quality of life. Furthermore, self-responsibility and cognitive agility are fundamental to managing diabetes and adopting a healthy lifestyle.

Poor Cognitive Agility Conservation in Obese Aging People.

Life expectancy has been boosted in recent decades at expenses of increasing the age-associated diseases. Dementia, for its incidence, stands out among the pathologies associated with aging. The exacerbated cognitive deterioration disables people from carrying out their daily lives autonomously and this incidence increases exponentially after 65 years of age. The etiology of dementia is a miscellaneous combination of risk factors that restrain the quality of life of our elderly. In this sense, it has been established that some metabolic pathologies such as obesity and diabetes act as a risk factor for dementia development. In contrast, a high educational level, as well as moderate physical activity, have been shown to be protective factors against cognitive impairment and the development of dementia. In the present study, we have evaluated the metabolic composition of a population between 60-90 years old, mentally healthy and with high academic degrees. After assessing agility in mental state, we have established relationships between their cognitive abilities and their body composition. Our data support that excess body fat is associated with poorer maintenance of cognition, while higher percentages of muscle mass are associated with the best results in the cognitive tests.

Applying agility to improve customer performance when supply and demand vary from core conditions

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to extend existing knowledge of supply chain agility by identifying the interrelationships among key elements of agility that may impact customer performance improvement when conditions of demand and supply vary from the core assumptions used to design supply chain networks.Design/methodology/approachThe research employs the principles of middle range theorizing (Merton, 1968) to incorporate observations from field interviews and data collected from executives, managers, and analysts from six global manufacturing firms across a range of industries to form research propositions about the nature of relationships among cognitive agility dimensions, antecedent impediments to cognitive agility, and the relationships between cognitive and physical agility to improve performance that can later be subjected to deductive testing.FindingsThe supply chain designs used by the participating firms to deliver value for core products were not sufficiently agile to meet desired customer performance levels when certain supply or demand conditions varied significantly from the norm. In collaboration with partner firms, the findings suggest that improving cognitive abilities to see, think and act by deploying information-based tactical initiatives in planning, inventory positioning, and supplier lead time performance monitoring enable improved physical agility that enable a firm to respond to changes swiftly and flexibly in the demand and supply environment. Importantly, the findings also suggest that the dimensions of cognitive agility are correlated and are formative elements of the latent construct of cognitive agility, which is antecedent to physical agility.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings are limited in scope to the six companies that participated in this research. Future explorations should generalize to a broader population of firms and conditions. The results do provide evidence of the relationships between the dimensions of agility that are both a contribution and should guide future research on the subject.Practical implicationsFrom a managerial standpoint, the research findings provide insight into how firms might manage agility to improve performance when demand and supply conditions vary from those for which the core supply chain was originally designed. The findings suggest that improving the ability to capture, process, and disseminate information, i.e. cognitive agility dimensions of alertness, accessibility, and decisiveness, facilitates improved information-based initiatives in planning, inventory positioning, and supplier lead time performance monitoring, which in turn enables improved physical initiatives to swiftly and flexibly respond to changes in the demand and supply environment. Such improvements ultimately result in heightened customer service and inventory performance.Originality/valuePrevious research is mute regarding the interrelationships among the identified dimensions of supply chain agility, specifically those considered to be “cognitive” elements and those that involve physical actions. The finding suggesting that the dimensions of cognitive agility are correlated and are formative elements of the latent construct of cognitive agility provides an important theoretical insight that contributes to enhanced understanding of the nature of supply chain agility to foster future quantitative explorations to better understand the phenomena.

Design and Validation of a New Tennis-Specific Reactive Agility Test-A Pilot Study.

Agility is an important ability for tennis players, but there is an evident lack of studies focusing on the applicability of tennis-specific agility tests that capture a combination of the physical and cognitive agility performance. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to design and test measurement properties of the tennis-specific reactive agility test that would be feasible and practical for regular implementation. A total of 32 youth tennis players (21 males and 11 females; 10.85 ± 1.50 years) participated in this study. The measurement characteristics of the newly designed reactive agility tennis-specific (TS-RAN) test have been established by comparing it with two generic agility tests and with two tennis-specific pre-planned agility tests. The overall reliability of the new TS-RAN test can only be considered “moderate to good”, as although the results of participants showed good internal consistency, the within-subject reliability of the test proved to be unsatisfactory, since the participants showed a lack of performance consistency. This is not unexpected considering the very young age of the participants who performed the test for the very first time. The new TS-RAN test was highly projected (0.91) on the same single latent dimension, with the variance predominately explained by the tennis-specific agility tests. The test’s greatest strength is its high feasibility, since the test does not require any special set-up nor technical equipment, and that makes it practical for regular implementation in a practical setting. Further research studies are needed in order to confirm the test’s potential to be widely accepted and used.

What Is Strategic Design? Cultivating Cognitive Agility for the Craft of Generalship

This article presents the philosophy of strategic design as a reflexive practice for generalship in defense and security organizations. We present strategic design as a distinctive aspect of generalship which enables defense practitioners working at the strategic level to address the kind of complex security challenges facing military leaders and decision makers in the 21st century. Our approach in this article combines unique first-hand insights from the co-instructor of the Israeli Defense Forces Generals’ Course, cross-cultural expertise on socialization of knowledge in defense and security settings, and elements of narrative and critical theory relevant to military design practice. We advocate cognitive agility as a critical mindset for defense leaders who need to generate transformative potential in an era of wars with no end. To illustrate a model of cognitive agility for generalship, we unpack some of the more esoteric aspects of the “Z model” of strategic design inquiries. The key to the Z model are the concepts of self-disruption, the strategic effectiveness of storytelling, and the principle of leveraging real-world operations as the expression of epistemology in action.

Zwinne uczenie się przez doświadczenie – propozycja kwestionariusza odpowiadającego koncepcji learning agility

Objective: To present a proposition of Learning Agility (LA) questionnaires regarding theories and other available tools. Research Design & Methods: The empirical research was carried out in 2021 among 221 employees of various companies in Poland. Findings: The questionnaire obtained satisfactory psychometric indicators and an adequate factor structure. Greater cognitive agility has been reported among management staff. Multitasking turned out to be negatively related to thinking agility. Education was positively associated with almost all components of agility. Implications / Recommendations : The questionnaire has encouraging psychometric indicators and its factor structure turned out to be a good representation of the concept of LA. It is not burdened with the social approval of neutral conditions. The tool still requires validity testing. Contribution: A Polish tool for assessing Learning Agility was created for the research. Such a tool was lacking among the various methods of studying the factors influencing employee success.

Design of a Tennis-Specific Agility Test (TAT) for Monitoring Tennis Players.

Agility is an important ability for tennis players. To be successful in the rallies, players must perform rapid, multidirectional movements in response to the ball and/or the position of the opponent. For a test to be representative in monitoring agility performance, it should capture a combination of the physical and cognitive agility performance. Considering that literature reports no reliable and valid sport-specific agility test for tennis, the aim of this article was to design and evaluate the measurement properties of a Tennis-specific Agility Test (TAT). To evaluate the TAT, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and feasibility were assessed. For reproducibility, a two-way mixed ANOVA was performed. Concurrent validity was assessed using Pearson correlations. A total of 69 tennis players participated in this study of whom 16 competed at the international (22 ± 3.7 years, playing level (Dynamic Rating System): .8 ± .3), 43 at the national (14 ± 1.4 years, playing level: 4.6 ± 1.4), and 10 at the regional level (15 ± 0.8 years, playing level: 4.9 ± 1.1). Test-retest reliability was found to be moderate with an Intra-Class Correlation coefficient (ICC) of .74 (p < .01) and a percentual minimal detectable change (%MDC) of 6.2%. Concurrent validity was found to be moderate by comparison with a recognised agility test, the Spider Drill, which measures only the physical component (.70; p < .01), and by comparison with tennis performance for both boys (r = .67; p < .01) and girls (r = .72; p < .01). The feasibility was high with short time for preparation (five to ten minutes) and time per participant (<5 minutes). In conclusion, the TAT shows promising results for assessing sport-specific agility performance in tennis making it likely to be used in the practical setting.

Correlations between age, biomedical variables, and cognition in patients with schizophrenia

ObjectiveTo illustrate the influence of clinical variables on cognition performance in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). MethodsUsing the 66nao Brain Training device (a novel measurement tool), the cognitive performance of 99 patients with SCZ was evaluated. Patients were diagnosed by the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for SCZ, and their age were 16–68 years old. Furthermore, we explored the relationship between age, biomedical variables and specific cognitive domains in patients with SCZ. Patients were divided into two groups: various of cognitive domains impairment group and non-impairment group according to the norm scores. All data were analyzed using RStudio Version 1.0.44 (RStudio, Inc.) ResultsPatients with SCZ had obvious cognitive impairment in total and five subdomains of cognitive function. We found that 1) SCZ patients with impaired cognitive total score experienced significant older age and longer illness duration compared with those with normal cognitive total score. 2) SCZ patients with impaired memory experienced significant older age compared with those with normal memory. 3) SCZ patients with impaired attention showed significant lower serum triglyceride (TG) level compared with those with normal attention. 4) SCZ patients with impaired flexibility performed significant longer illness duration compared with those with normal flexibility. 5) SCZ patients with impaired cognitive agility performed significant older age, longer duration, and higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared with those with normal cognitive agility. 6) The age, illness duration and SBP in patients with impaired time perception were marginally different from those of subjects with normal time perception. ConclusionThere are five dimensions (memory, attention, flexibility, cognitive agility, and time perception) of cognitive dysfunction in SCZ patients. Age, illness duration, TG, and SBP might play vital roles in various subdomains of the cognitive deficits respectively in patients with SCZ.

Operational Vigilance in Border Security: the Singapore Experience

In Singapore, officers of the border security agency are required to maintain 24 h, 7 days a week operation across various immigration checkpoints. As the day-to-day workload of a Singapore border security officer is physically demanding and operationally challenging, ensuring the highest level of operational vigilance is vital to operation success in border security operations. In this paper, ‘operational vigilance’ is defined as exercising cognitive agility and sustained attention for the duration of a work shift in a border security operational setting. To enhance and maintain operations in border security checkpoints, this paper explores the drivers of operational vigilance in border security from the Singapore experience. Twelve veteran border security officers participated in this study as subject matter experts from which a thematic analysis was used to extract insightful themes central to operational vigilance in a border security context. Findings from this study are used to provide a deeper understanding of drivers that affect operational vigilance in border security in the Singapore context and used as reference for enhancement of border security operations. Limitations and future directions were discussed.

Self-Regulation and Cognitive Agility in Cyber Operations.

Reliance upon data networks to conduct military operations presents new challenges to the competence profiles of military personnel. Specifically the increased demand for the new category of military cyber personnel is a direct consequence of the utility of the cyber domain in contemporary military operations, both to support leadership processes and as a domain of operations on its own. The conflation of the cyber and physical domains empowers cyber operators to influence events beyond their immediate physical environment. Proper education and training of such personnel requires new insight into the competencies that are beyond cyber specific technical skills, to govern the complexity of operating in a cyber-physical hybrid environment. This pilot research contributes to the debate on military cyber personnel competencies by investigating how cyber defense operator’s level of self-regulation can contribute to their performance in operations. We hypothesize that higher levels of self-regulation predicts higher levels of cognitive agility as measured by cognitive movement in The Hybrid Space conceptual framework. Displays of cognitive agility within The Hybrid Space have previously been linked to performance in defensive cyber operations. A positive association was therefore expected between levels of self-regulation and displays of cognitive agility. N = 23 cyber cadets from the Norwegian Defence Cyber Academy (NDCA) completed self-regulation questionnaires (SRQs) and self-reported their cognitive location in The Hybrid Space during a 4-day cyber defense exercise. Data showed that higher levels of self-regulation were associated with displays of cognitive agility. According to the regression models in use, self-regulation could explain 43.1% of the total cognitive movements in The Hybrid Space. Understanding factors that contribute to cyber operator performance are needed to improve education and training programs for military cyber personnel. Validating self-regulation as a contributing factor to cognitive agility is important as this can be a pathway to empirically underpin individual cyber operator performance.

Slow Education and Cognitive Agility

Governance of cyberpower from a military perspective are focused on the efforts to control and influence events occurring in cyberspace. For the Norwegian Defence, this means educating cyber engineers, responsible for governing cyberpower effects, beyond technical skills and competencies. To match the complexity of modern warfighting necessitates adaptive high-order thinking skills. Building on earlier cognitive engineering and human factors research in cyber defence this article suggests how Slow Education has the potential to improve cognitive performance among cyber cadets. Slow techniques were applied to 37 cyber cadets during a three-year bachelor programme at the Norwegian Defence Cyber Academy. The quantitative data for this study was gathered during a two-week Cyber Defence Exercise. Combining and applying a novel pedagogic method with psychological techniques suggests reflective pondering, self-regulation and metacognition as being associated with cognitive agility. This study helps develop and make metrics available that are suitable to evaluate human performance in cyber defence.

The increased international propensity of serial entrepreneurs demonstrating ambidextrous strategic agility

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze whether business owners that simultaneously demonstrate past entrepreneurial experience and process agility have greater export propensity levels.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed hypotheses are tested using binary choice models relating past entrepreneurial experience and reported process agility on a unique sample of 246 Catalan business owners for the year 2010.FindingsConsistent with the theoretical arguments on the relevance of generative-based cognitive agility, the results of this paper reveal that serial entrepreneurs demonstrate a greater export propensity. Additionally, the authors found that serial entrepreneurs who also demonstrate process agility show superior export propensity levels, compared to the group of business owners outside this ambidextrous group (first-time business owners without process agility).Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this study indicate that traits characterizing international marketing agility, decisional speed and accuracy are also linked with greater export propensity levels. The added export market expansion resulting from the opportunity responsiveness of serial entrepreneurs is found to be amplified by the accuracy of internal adaptation capabilities of process agility.Practical implicationsTherefore, the promotion of ambidextrous strategic agility coming from the complementarities between the benefits of entrepreneurial experience and adaptive process abilities is essential for increasing businesses’ internationalization.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature by further exploring the influence of different sources of agility on the internationalization of entrepreneurial ventures and opens a link between entrepreneurs prone toward export market expansion and international marketing agility.

Word Processing Deficits in Persons with Right Hemisphere Damage: Evidence from in-Depth Analyses of Verbal Fluency Tasks

The role of the right hemisphere (RH) in word processing continues to interest the neuroscientists. Occasional explorations of the word retrieval functions of the RH with verbal fluency tasks have shown poor performance in persons with right hemisphere damage (RHD). However, there are differing views on the mechanism underlying the poor performance in this population. Some investigations attribute the deficient performance on verbal fluency task to the lexico-semantic deficits, whereas, others ascribe it to deficient cognitive agility. To illustrate these differing views, we performed in-depth analyses of (i.e., accuracy scores, clusters, switches, & time course of word retrieval) a group of 22 participants with RHD on eight semantic and three phoneme fluency tasks. Comparisons with the neuro-typical participants yielded evidence in favor of the linguistic rather than cognitive deficits as the mechanism behind poor word retrieval skills in persons with RHD

Cognitive Agility as a Factor in Human Performance Optimization.

Cognitive agility reflects the capacity of an individual to easily move back and forth between openness and focus. The concept is being translated into a tool to help train leaders to perform well in the "dynamic decision-making context." Cognitive agility training (CAT) has the potential to increase emotional intelligence by improving an individual's ability to toggle between highly focused states to levels of broad, outward awareness, which should enable dynamic decision-making and enhance personal communication skills. Special Operations Forces (SOF) Operators must work in rapidly evolving, complex environments embedded with multiple high-risk factors. Generally, success in these operational environments requires the ability to maintain highly focused states. However, SOF Operators must also be able to transition rapidly back to their roles within their families, where a more outwardly aware state is needed to allow flexibility in emotional responses. CAT addresses these seemingly conflicting requirements. Successful CAT must reflect the methodologies and culture already familiar within the SOF community (i.e., "live" scenario-based activities) to replicate challenges they may encounter when operationally deployed and when at home. This article provides an overview of cognitive agility, the potential benefits, applications that could be used for training SOF Operators to improve their cognitive agility to optimize performance, and sample training scenarios. The issue of what metrics to use is also discussed.

Weaving Codes/Coding Weaves: Penelopean Mêtis and the Weaver-Coder’s Kairos

Drawing on her experience as “critical interlocutor” within the research project Weaving Codes/Coding Weaves, in this article Emma Cocker reflects on the human qualities of attention, cognitive agility and tactical intelligence activated within live coding and ancient weaving with reference to the Ancient Greek concepts of technē, kairos and mêtis. The article explores how the specificity of “thinking-in-action” cultivated within improvisatory live coding relates to the embodied “thought-in-motion” activated whilst working on the loom. Echoing the wider concerns of Weaving Codes/Coding Weaves, an attempt is made to redefine the relation between weave and code by dislodging the dominant utilitarian histories that connect computer and the loom, instead placing emphasis on the potentially resistant and subversive forms of live thinking-and-knowing cultivated within live coding and ancient weaving. Cocker addresses the Penelopean poetics of both practices, proposing how the combination of kairotic timing and timeliness with the mêtic act of “doing-undoing-redoing” therein offers a subversive alternative to—even critique of—certain utilitarian technological developments (within both coding and weaving) which in privileging efficiency and optimization can delimit creative possibilities, reducing the potential of human intervention and invention in the seizing of opportunity, accident, chance and contingency.