Types Of Coffee Research Articles

Influences of Power Structure Evolution on Coffee Commodity Markets: Insights from Price Discovery and Volatility Spillovers

This study examines the influences of the power structure evolution along the global coffee value chain on coffee spot-futures commodity markets. Specifically, this study aims to analyze the mechanisms and extent to which the coffee spot-futures commodity markets are affected by shifts in the power structure in each phase following the collapse of the ICA from the perspective of price discovery and volatility spillovers by employing the PT–IS and bivariate EGARCH models. This research covers two actively traded coffee types, Arabica and Robusta, and utilizes daily time-series price data over 1990:01–2020:04 for Arabica and over 2008:01–2020:04 for Robusta. The empirical results indicate that coffee spot markets play a dominant role in price discovery for both Arabica and Robusta over all periods, and volatility spillovers occur from the coffee spot market to the futures markets. This study demonstrates to coffee market players that power structure evolutions across coffee’s global value chain have not significantly changed the underlying socio-spatial distribution of the coffee value chain over the post-ICA period. The results further imply that a buyer-driven governance is emerging in the coffee industry and large coffee roasters are beginning to dominate the global coffee value chain. Moreover, large coffee roasters are incentivized to diversify their marketing strategies by considering more market factors as part of their market differentiation strategies. Government interventions are necessary to establish price risk-management mechanisms to protect small-scale coffee growers.

Colombian Origin Coffee Supply Chain Traceability by a Blockchain Implementation

This exploratory study explains how to implement Blockchain technology for a supply chain by a proof of concept on Hyperledger Fabric, an open distributed ledger platform. This approach allowed to identify the feasibility and some implementation challenges, yield feedback, and exemplify one manner of tracing product origin using a distributed ledger technology. For this purpose, the case study of origin coffee is analyzed, given the relevance of traceability in this type of coffee and the cultural and economic importance of this agricultural product in the Colombian context. In addition, the data stored in the Blockchain and some technological architecture aspects are discussed.

Concentration of ochratoxin A in coffee products and probabilistic health risk assessment

Coffee is a beverage that people enjoy a lot in their daily lives and is an integral part of people's social life. In this study, the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) in coffee was carried out by High-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence (HPLC-FLD) detectors. Furthermore, the amount of ochratoxin A (OTA), Margin of exposure (MOEs), and Hazard quotient (HQ) in different types of coffees; instant, classic, and roasted coffee were calculated using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method. The average OTA concentration was in the rage of 3.6 to 26.6 µg/kg. The content of classic and instant coffee found to have.OTA, is below the maximum limit defined by the European Union legislation. The maximum limit for these two types of coffee is 10 µg/kg. The daily intakes of the OTA through classic and instant coffee were also found to be lower than the Tolerance daily intake proposed by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). MOEs (neoplastic effect) in adults was classic coffee (171026) > roasted coffee (15390) > instant coffee (8549) and also MOEs (non-neoplastic effects) in children was classic coffee (55790) > roasted coffee (5020) > instant coffee (2789). Consumers of instant coffee are at cancer risk based on neoplastic effects and also consumers of instant coffee and roasted coffee are at cancer risk based on non-neoplastic effects (MOEs lower than 10,000 value). HQ (nephrotoxic effect) in adults was instant coffee (0.132) > roasted coffee (0.097) > classic coffee (0.012). HQ due to consumption of coffee products was lower than 1, hence consumers are at safe non-cancer risk. Therefore, it is recommended reducing the concentration of mycotoxins in coffee products.

Application of a Single-Type eNose to Discriminate the Brewed Aroma of One Caffeinated and Decaffeinated Encapsulated Espresso Coffee Type

This paper assesses a custom single-type electronic nose (eNose) applied to differentiate the complex aromas generated by the caffeinated and decaffeinated versions of one encapsulated espresso coffee mixture type. The eNose used is composed of 16 single-type (identical) metal–oxide semiconductor (MOX) gas sensors based on microelectromechanical system (MEMS). This eNose proposal takes advantage of the small but inherent sensing variability of MOX gas sensors in order to provide a multisensorial description of volatiles or aromas. Results have shown that the information provided with this eNose processed using LDA is able to successfully discriminate the complex aromas of one caffeinated and decaffeinated encapsulated espresso coffee type.

Analysis of Volatile Compounds, Composition, and Thermal Behavior of Coffee Beans According to Variety and Roasting Intensity.

This study aimed to investigate the ways in which the thermal behavior, composition, and volatile compound contents of roasted coffee beans depend on variety and roasting intensity. The thermal analysis revealed various transformations in coffee composition, namely, drying, water loss, and decomposition of polysaccharides, lipids, amino acids, and proteins. The results showed that volatile compounds are released differently in coffee depending on coffee type and degree of roasting. The most abundant volatile compounds present in the samples were 2-butanone, furan, 2-methylfuran, methyl formate, 2.3-pentanedione, methylpyrazine, acetic acid, furfural, 5-methyl furfural, and 2-furanmethanol. The total polyphenol contents ranged between 13.3 and 18.9 g gallic acid/kg, being slightly higher in Robusta than in Arabica varieties and in more intensely roasted beans compared to medium-roasted beans. The Robusta variety has higher mineral contents than Arabica, and the contents of most minerals (K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, P, N, and S) increased with roasting intensity. Discrimination between coffee varieties and roasting intensities is possible based on mineral and polyphenol contents.

Organoleptic Quality Attributes and Their Association with Morphological Traits in Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Genotypes

Arabica coffee is an essential crop in the national economy of Ethiopia. There is little information available about the cup quality profile of Teppi coffee, despite several sites across the country having conducted research on the organoleptic properties of various coffee types. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to determine the quality attributes of the genotypes and correlate their inherited quality with morphological traits. The experiment was superimposed on five-year-old plants of 17 coffee genotypes during the 2018 cropping season at Teppi and Gemadro sites. Using the wet processing method, six kilograms of red coffee cherries were carefully harvested, processed, and sun dried to a moisture content of 10.5% to 11.0%. To obtain the necessary number of replications, each sample was divided into three, and three cups for each sample were prepared for the tasting sessions. Organoleptic quality attributes were scored using the standard established. The analysis of variance for aromatic quality, acidity, flavor, and overall cup quality showed a highly significant difference ( P = 0.01) among the tested coffee genotypes. All of the organoleptic quality attributes evaluated showed a no significant correlation with morphological traits like body (r = −0.11) and hundred-bean weight and, flavor (r = −0.1) and bean thickness. However, there was a strong correlation between organoleptic quality attributes like flavor (r = 0.95 ∗ ∗ ) and acidity (r = 0.94 ∗ ∗ ), demonstrating that any organoleptic characteristic is an important element in beverage quality. It is challenging to simultaneously choose for cup quality and bean physical features because there were no significant correlations between organoleptic quality and these traits. In this study, genotype 3/8 showed outstanding performance across locations for all organoleptic quality attributes, which can be used in the Arabica coffee-breeding program.

Physicochemical Analysis of Cold Brew and Hot Brew Peaberry Coffee

Peaberry coffee is the result of a natural mutation of coffee beans, and they make up only about 5–7% of coffee crops. A typical coffee cherry contains two seeds that are developed against each other, resulting in the distinctive half-rounded shape of coffee beans. However, failing to fertilize both ovules of one of the seeds or failure in endosperm development can cause only one of the seeds to develop, resulting in smaller, denser beans with a more domed shape. Peaberry coffees are said to be sweeter, lighter, and more flavorful since the peaberry beans receive all nutrients from the coffee cherry. Due to its exclusive nature, the chemical characteristic of peaberry coffee is not well understood. This study explores the acidities and antioxidant activity of peaberry coffee sourced from multiple regions. Total antioxidant capacity, total caffeoylquinic acid (CQA), total caffeine concentration, and pH levels were evaluated for peaberry coffee extracts prepared by cold and hot brewing methods. Little correlation between antioxidant activity and the concentrations of caffeine and CQA in peaberry beans was shown. Six methods were performed for the characterization of total antioxidant capacity including cyclic voltammetry, ABTS assay, and FRAP assay. Peaberry bean extract demonstrated higher average total caffeine concentrations compared to traditional coffee bean extracts.

Determination of the antioxidant activity of different types of coffee by means of Briggs-Rauscher analytical method

Determination of the antioxidant activity of different types of coffee by means of Briggs-Rauscher analytical method

Direction and Export Performance of Coffee in India

The present study was conducted in the Department of Economics and Sociology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, India to examine growth performance and share of coffee in agricultural export from 2000-01 to 2016–17. The data on quantity of coffee exports from 2005-06 to 2016-17 were collected and used to examine the direction of trade and changing pattern of coffee exports with the use of first order Markov chain analysis. The top six major destinations in each type of coffee were selected for the analysis. The share of coffee in agricultural export earnings was nearly 4% in 2000-01 and decreased to 2% in 2016–17 which is a matter of great concern. The results of Markov Chain Analysis revealed that the major destinations for Indian coffee were Italy, Germany, Belgium, USA, Turkey and Slovenia. Kuwait was the most stable destination for plantation coffee exports, while in case of Arabica cherry Belgium, for Robusta parchment Italy, Germany and Spain for Robusta cherry and for Instant coffee Turkey and Russian federation were the most stable destinations. The climatic events and supply shocks remain the real threat to the development of a balanced market and sustainable conditions for the Indian coffee economy. The Government of India is expected to announce an interest subsidy scheme for exporters in order to boost coffee exports and explore new markets.

Pendampingan Kedai Kopi Gumarang untuk Berkembang menjadi Harmonis Space dengan Strategi Menerapkan Elemen-elemen di Kanvas Model Bisnisnya

The business potential for brewed coffee by Baristas is very large, especially coffee beans from Indonesian volcanic soil because they have a prime taste. The Gumarang coffee shop started amid the Covid-19 pandemic, this business can grow and survive, but has not yet developed optimally according to its existing potential. Gumarang operated with production equipment that has a small capacity for dispensing coffee, so it has not been able to meet all consumer demands. Gumarang had the opportunity to develop the business under the guidance of the Mandiri and Merdeka Cooperative (KMDM) so that it could apply the elements of the Business Model Canvas (BMC) concept already had. The value proposition element for Gumarang is the existence of an original type of coffee, namely original Minangkabau coffee cultivated by local West Sumatra farmers. Then there is the Gumarang Signature, which is a formula or recipe owned by the Barista. In addition, Gumarang also provides space and organizing services for community events in the city of Padang with friendly service and a traditional minimalist cafe concept, branded as Harmonis Space. The Gumarang coffee shop which was developed into Harmonis Space requires assistance from academics to stay on the path of the business concept. The method used was training, consultation, and evaluation, by the community engagement team and partners. The ultimate goal of a series of activities is to increase partner income as well as community empowerment to strengthen the family economy.

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Biji Kopi Arabika Terbaik Menggunakan Metode SMART

Arabica coffee beans are one of the main varieties of coffee beans developed in Indonesia. In making decisions to determine quality Arabica coffee beans, an appropriate system is needed to analyze problems in solving and efficient and accurate data presentation. Therefore, a computer-based system or method is needed to facilitate the selection of the best Arabica coffee beans. This study uses the Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) method. The SMART method is a decision-making method to solve the problem of choosing a multi-objective choice among several criteria, so that later it will be able to produce an effective and efficient analysis. The input criteria that are the priority in selecting the best Arabica coffee beans are aroma with a weight of 25, color with a weight of 25, taste with a weight of 25, dirt content with a weight of 15, and price with a weight of 10. Of the 25 alternatives tested in this system, Gayo Avatara Natural Arabica coffee beans were the best first alternative, followed by Aceh Gayo Wet Hull, Java Ijen Natural, Java Ijen Honey, and Kintamani Natural. This decision support system for selecting the best Arabica coffee beans provides speed, accuracy, and data accuracy in selecting the best Arabica coffee beans which will be used by coffee lovers to provide coffee with a delicious taste. So the results of the decision from 25 types of Arabica coffee, there are 11 types of Arabica coffee with a rating of "Very Good", 10 types of Arabica coffee with a rating of "Good", and 4 types of Arabica coffee with a rating of "Quite Good".

Selected coffee (Coffea arabica L.) extracts inhibit intestinal α-glucosidases activities in-vitro and postprandial hyperglycemia in SD Rats

One of the therapeutic approaches for decreasing postprandial hyperglycemia is to retard absorption of glucose by the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, α-amylase, and α-glucosidases, in the digestive organs. Coffee consumption has been reported to beneficial effects for controlling calorie and cardiovascular diseases, however, the clear efficacy and mode of action are yet to be proved well. Therefore, in this study we evaluated in- vitro rat intestinal α-glucosidases and porcine α-amylase inhibitory activities as well as in vivo (Sprague–Dawley rat model) blood glucose lowering effects of selected coffee extracts. The water extracted Sumatra coffee (SWE) showed strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50, 4.39 mg/mL) in a dose-dependent manner followed by Ethiopian water extract (EWE) (IC50, 4.97) and Guatemala water extract (GWE) (IC50, 5.19). Excepted for GWE all the coffee types significantly reduced the plasma glucose level at 0.5 h after oral intake (0.5 g/kg-body weight) in sucrose and starch-loaded SD rats. In sucrose loading test SWE (p < 0.001) and EWE (p < 0.05) had significantly postprandial blood glucose reduction effect, when compared to control. The maximum blood glucose levels (Cmax) of EWE administration group were decreased by about 18% (from 222.3 ± 16.0 to 182.5 ± 15.4, p < 0.01) and 19% (from 236.2 ± 25.1 to 191.3 ± 13.2 h·mg/dL, p < 0.01) in sucrose and starch loading tests, respectively. These results indicate that selected coffee extract may improve exaggerated postprandial spikes in blood glucose via inhibition of intestinal sucrase and thus delays carbohydrate absorption. These in vitro and in vivo studies therefore could provide the biochemical rationale for the benefit of coffee-based dietary supplement and the basis for further clinical study.

Evaluation of some physical, chemical and sensorial parameter of turkish coffee trade in the Albanian market

Coffee is a product that is used all over the world because it has a lot of effects on the human body. There are different types of coffee in the market but in the Albanian market, Turkish coffee distinguishes from other types because it is traditional, and is used mainly by housewives. The extraction method is boiling, where mostly all the soluble substances are passed into the cup. We have collected some samples of Turkish coffee that is in trade in the Albanian market and have evaluated their physical, chemical and sensorial properties. All the Turkish coffee samples are processed in the Albanian region, where are situated some good factories with modern technology. The study aims to evaluate the quality of Turkish coffee that is produced in the Albanian market and for this; we have determined some physical and chemical properties such as humidity, ash, coffee oil, protein, acidity and fibres. We also evaluated the sensorial properties and made a correlation between acidity and sensorial properties. All the data taken for the grinded Turkish coffee have shown that the level of humidity ranged from 1.6 to 3.5%. The ash from 4.01-4.68 %, acidity from 0.7-0.95%, protein from 14-16.7%, carbohydrates from 44.5-69.56%, coffee oil from 13.8-15.76% and fibers from 31.85-34.56%. A correlation was found between the level of acidity and the diagram of sensorial properties.

Time Series Analysis of Monthly Coffee (Robusta) Prices in India using Box-Jenkins Approach

Robusta coffee is a type of coffee made from the Coffea canephora plant's beans (seeds). It is the world's second most popular coffee, accounting for 43% of global coffee production with arabica constituting the remainder except for the 1.5% constituted by Coffea liberica. The purpose of this study is to focus on predicting monthly coffee prices in India by using the historic time series data. The objective of this paper is to fit an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model using Box-Jenkins approach. Numerous fields, including agricultural production, animal husbandry and dairy economics, stock price prediction, etc. depend heavily on forecasting. To choose the best model, Autoregressive (AR), Moving Average (MA), and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) processes was used to select the best model for monthly coffee prices in India. This paper discusses ARIMA (p, d, q) time series analysis and its components, ACF, PACF, Normalized BIC, Box-Ljung Q Statistics, and Residual analysis. According to the best fitted model i.e., ARIMA (0,2,1) monthly coffee prices in India is expected to increase to INR 89.35 kg-1 in the month of November 2022. The outcomes are represented numerically and graphically.

Self-reported and genetically predicted effects of coffee intake on rheumatoid arthritis: Epidemiological studies and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background and aimsCausal research concerning coffee intake and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk is controversial. The objective of this study was to further explore the causal relationship between coffee intake and RA risk.MethodsThe 4,310 participants from NHANES 2003–2006 were included in an epidemiological study to assess the association between coffee intake and RA by weighted multivariate logistic regression. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method of two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), employing genetic data from UK Biobank (428,860 cases) of coffee intake and MR-Base platform (14,361 cases and 43,923 controls) of RA, was performed to estimate the causal relationship between coffee intake and RA.ResultsWeighted multivariate logistic regression suggested no significant correlation between coffee intake and RA. Compared to the no-coffee group, the odds ratio for RA in the <1, 1–3, ≥4 cups/day group were 1.297, 1.378, and 1.125 (P = 0.204, 0.098, and 0.698, respectively). In the IVW of MR analysis, there was no causal relationship between coffee intake and RA (OR = 1.47, P = 0.218).ConclusionOur study did not support a causal association between coffee intake and RA risk. However, it is necessary to consider valid information on coffee intake, including brewing method, type of coffee, and quantity, in further analysis of coffee intake and RA.

Factors That Influence Sustainable Selection and Reselection Intentions Regarding Soluble/Instant Coffee—The Case of Serbian Consumers

Soluble or instant espresso coffee in capsules with added values is a product that is increasingly recognized as a healthy lifestyle habit, which often goes together with the expansion of spa centers and spa hotels. In addition to the theoretical and empirical examination of sustainable drinking habits regarding different types of instant espresso coffee in Serbia, the aim was to define, by applying the theory of planned behavior, the relationship between certain factors that influence instant espresso coffee beverage reselection. The research model was developed using a sample of 1385 soluble/instant espresso coffee consumers. Structural equation modeling was applied to test the conceptual model and research hypotheses. The results indicate a statistically significant influence of certain predictors on the intention of consumers to rechoose soluble/instant coffee. One exception is perceived behavioral control, where statistical significance exceeds the allowed values, which indicate that the offer of functional soluble/instant espresso solutions should be extended outside high-quality service hotels and spa centers to be available to all consumers with healthy lifestyle habits. Defining the factors that influence instant espresso coffee reselection can help to understand influences on certain consumer behaviors and improve sustainability on the market.

Exploration of Cultivation Systems and Marketing Channels in Order to Increase Arabic Coffee Farmers' Income in West Java

Coffee is a product that continues to be in demand by the public. Indonesia is one of the coffee-producing countries, with production in 2020 amounting to 744,000 tons. Arabica coffee is the most popular type of coffee. The area of ​​Arabica coffee plantations in West Java reaches 27,757 ha. To find out the optimization strategy for coffee production, it is necessary to conduct an exploratory study related to the cultivation system and marketing channels for Arabica coffee in West Bandung Regency. The research method uses a survey with path analysis. The variables observed were the cultivation system used, the marketing channels used and the performance results of Arabica coffee farmers. The results showed that the variable cultivation system and marketing channels affect the productivity and profits of farmers with the equation Y = 0.417 X1 + 0.465 X2 + €. Partially, the cultivation system and marketing channels have an effect on performance, while correlation analysis shows that there is no correlation between the cultivation system and marketing channels. The strategy conveyed was the improvement of the cultivation system, namely the provision of fertilizers or hormones that stimulate flowering, the use of protective trees, the processing of coffee beans and market information. The suggestion is that there is a need for government involvement in coffee management from upstream to downstream.

MAMAR’S CONTRIBUTION TO FARMERS’ INCOME “A Case Study In Biau Vilage Io Kufeu District Malaka Regency”

This research was conducted to determine the types of mamar plants cultivated by farmers and the contribution of mamar to farmers' incomes in Biau Village, Io Kufeu District, Malaka Regency. This research was carried out in Biau Village, Io Kufeu District, Malaka Regency for 3 months, namely May-July 2021. This study used the interview method to collect research data, observation to check the data that had been obtained during interviews, literature study for secondary data collection and purposive sampling to determine the number of respondents to be interviewed. The results showed that there were 5 types of forestry plants in Mamar land, namely teak (Tectona Grandis), mahogany (Switenia Mahagoni), coconut (Cocos Nucifera), candlenut (Aleurites Moluccanus) and areca nut (Areca Catechu). There are 5 types of plantation crops, namely citrus (Citrus), mango (Mangifera Indica), cashew (Anacardium Occidentale), cocoa (Theobroma Cacao) and coffee (Coffea). Mamar's contribution to farmer's household income is 82% with a value of Rp. Rp858.846.000-/year.

Vernacular Names and Genetics of Cultivated Coffee (Coffea arabica) in Yemen

While Ethiopia and South Sudan are the native habitats for Coffea arabica, Yemen is considered an important domestication center for this coffee species as most Arabica coffee grown around the world can be traced back to Yemen. Furthermore, climatic conditions in Yemen are hot and extremely dry. As such, Yemeni coffee trees likely have genetic merits with respect to climate resilience. However, until recently, very little was known about the genetic landscape of Yemeni coffee. The Yemeni coffee sector identifies coffee trees according to numerous vernacular names such as Udaini, Tufahi or Dawairi. However, the geographical landscape of these names and their correlation with the genetic background of the coffee trees have never been explored. In this study, we investigated the geographic occurrence of vernacular names in 148 coffee farms across the main coffee areas of Yemen. Then, we used microsatellite markers to genotype 88 coffee trees whose vernacular name was ascertained by farmers. We find a clear geographical pattern for the use of vernacular coffee names. However, the vernacular names showed no significant association with genetics. Our results support the need for a robust description of different coffee types in Yemen based on their genetic background for the benefit of Yemeni farmers.

Indoor ozone removal and deposition using unactivated solid and liquid coffee.

Managing indoor ozone levels is important because ozone is a hazardous pollutant that has adverse effects on human health. Coffee is a popular daily beverage, and thus, coffee beans and spent coffee grounds are common in many places such as offices, homes, aircraft, cafeterias, and such. The most common material used to remove ozone is activated carbon which can be made from coffee beans or spent coffee grounds with proper activation processes. This paper presents a novel idea: to remove ozone at the level of an indoor environment using unactivated coffee products. This paper examines the ozone removal efficiency and the ozone deposition velocity at 130 ppb ozone for two types of coffee: solid coffee (powder) and liquid coffee (beverage). The activated carbon, the deionized water, and the seawater are also included for comparison and validation purposes. The tests show that the fine coffee powder has a removal efficiency of 58.5% and a deposition velocity of 0.62 cm/s. The liquid coffee has a removal efficiency of 34.4% and a deposition velocity of 0.23 cm/s. The chemical inspections indicate that the oxidation reactions with the carbohydrates in solid coffee and the metal/mineral elements in liquid coffee are responsible for ozone removal. These results have confirmed that ozone removal via coffee is effective, controlling indoor air quality by coffee products is thus becoming possible.