Phenomenon Of Coexistence Research Articles

The Literary Trajectory of Hong Kong: Language and Script from the Ming Dynasty to the Special Administrative Region

This paper comprehensively explores the written trajectory of the Hong Kong region from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the present, with a particular focus on the status and usage of traditional Chinese characters across different historical stages. The author reviews Hong Kongs history, analyzing the changes in language policy and its impact on character usage. The application of the Bi-literacy and Tri-lingualism policy in Hong Kong is discussed, along with an in-depth examination of the phenomenon of multilingual coexistence in Hong Kong society and its cultural significance. As an important region using traditional Chinese characters within the Chinese cultural sphere, Hong Kong has developed a unique phenomenon of written culture. With the continuous development of globalization and advancements in digital technology, the cultural inheritance and influence of traditional Chinese characters among the global Chinese community may further expand. However, traditional Chinese characters face challenges from simplified characters and other languages, particularly in the fields of education and technology. The author believes that the future development of traditional Chinese characters will rely on the support of cultural policies, the promotion of educational systems, and the new generations recognition and inheritance of traditional culture. The aesthetic value and cultural symbolism of traditional Chinese characters will continue to play a key role in the context of globalization, injecting new vitality into the cultural inheritance of Hong Kong and other Chinese-speaking regions.

Phase Coexistence in Hamiltonian Hybrid Particle-Field Theory Using a Multi-Gaussian Approach.

This study introduces an implementation of multiple Gaussian filters within the Hamiltonian hybrid particle-field (HhPF) theory, aimed at capturing phase coexistence phenomena in mesoscopic molecular simulations. By employing a linear combination of two Gaussians, we demonstrate that HhPF can generate potentials with attractive and steric components analogous to Lennard-Jones (LJ) potentials, which are crucial for modeling phase coexistence. We compare the performance of this method with the multi-Gaussian core model (MGCM) in simulating liquid-gas coexistence for a single-component system across various densities and temperatures. Our results show that HhPF effectively captures detailed information on phase coexistence and interfacial phenomena, including microconfiguration transitions and increased interfacial fluctuations at higher temperatures. Notably, the phase boundaries obtained from HhPF simulations align more closely with those of LJ systems compared to the MGCM results. This work advances the hybrid particle-field methodology to address phase coexistence without requiring modifications to the equation of state or introducing additional interaction energy functional terms, offering a promising approach for mesoscale molecular simulations of complex systems.

On-chip warped three-dimensional InGaN/GaN quantum well diode with transceiver coexistence characters

Featured with light emission and detection coexistence phenomenon, nitride-based multiple-quantum-well (MQW) diodes integrated chip has been proven to be an attractive structure for application prospects in various fields such as lighting, sensing, optical communication, and other fields. However, most of the recent reports are based on planar structures. Three-dimensional (3D) structures offer extra advantages in direction and polarization and absorption modulation and may start a new way to make the same thing over and over with interesting properties. In this paper, we designed and fabricated a single-cantilever InGaN/GaN MQW diode with warped 3D microstructure via standard microfabrication technology. Experimental results indicate that the strain architecture of the multi-layer materials is the key principle for the self-warped device. The planar structure will bear greater compressive stress while the warped beam part has less stress, resulting in differences in the optical and electrical performance. The strain-induced band bending highly influences the emission and detection properties, while the warped structure will introduce direction selectivity to the 3D device. As an emitter, 3D structures have a directional emission with lower turn-on voltage, higher capacitance, increased luminous intensity, higher external quantum efficiency (EQE), high -3dB bandwidth, and redshifted peak wavelength. Besides, it can serve as an emitter for directional-related optical communication. As a receiver, 3D structures have lower dark-current, higher photocurrent, and red-shifted response spectrum and also show directional dependence. These findings not only deepen the understanding of the working principle of the single-cantilever GaN devices but also provide important references for device performance optimization and new applications in visible light communication (VLC) technology.

Regulation and analysis of multi-scroll attractors in a class of memristive Hopfield neural networks with high Lyapunov exponents

Multi-scroll chaotic systems have gained significant attention in recent years. However, there is little research on the chaotic systems of memristive neural networks with multiple complex structural attractors. A class of multi-scroll chaotic systems are designed in this paper, which are based on Hopfield neural network by using memristors as synapses. Implementing synaptic control with memristors at various coupling positions allows for the creation of multiple chaotic attractors with distinct topological structures. The proposed systems exhibit special and irregular shaped attractors, and can generate a fixed number of scrolls. Through analysis we find that the systems have high Lyapunov exponents, indicating strong sensitivity and randomness. Meanwhile, the systems exhibit extremely rich dynamic behaviors, such as symmetric coexistence phenomena. Especially, we observe signal amplitude control and offset boosting phenomena in the systems. In addition, simulation circuits are designed based on such chaotic systems to verify the physical feasibility of the systems.

Dynamical Phenomena Based on Chaotic Systems Without Equilibria

A chaotic system without equilibrium points is a focal subject in recent years, and its unique dynamic characteristics have attracted extensive research. In this paper, different chaotic systems with no equilibrium points are constructed by modifying the Sprott-A system. The test results show that the first system is conservative. After investigating the hidden dynamical behavior of the first system, the rotation attractor phenomenon is revealed by the rotation factor. Next, we make a second transformation of the Sprott-A system. By introducing a trigonometric function, we get a new system that can generate infinitely many coexisting grid attractors. After calculation, we find that the new system still belongs to the chaotic system without equilibrium points and the coexistence phenomenon of attractors is created by adjusting the initial value continuously. The chaotic system without equilibrium points which can realize the coexistence of attractors has potential applications in some related fields, which is worthy of further study.

Analysis of the dynamical behavior of discrete memristor-coupled scale-free neural networks

The synchronization of neural networks is crucial for neural information processing and represents a key feature of various functional brain diseases. Memristors are ideal electronic components for mimicking biological synapses, among which discrete memristors have the advantage of fast computing speed and are often used in memristor-based neural networks. For these reasons, this paper proposes a novel discrete memristor-coupled Scale-Free neural network (DMSNN). Phase diagrams and time series of membrane potential are employed to analyze the firing pattern coexistence of individual neurons in the network. Furthermore, Spatiotemporal patterns, heat maps of the Spearman correlation coefficient matrix and the values of neuron membrane potential at a particular time point are adopted to declare the spatio-temporal dynamics of the complex neural network, encompassing asynchronization, chimeric state, synchronization and synchronization transition. The study also identifies the phenomenon of topology-induced coexistence and elucidates the underlying reasons for the emergence of chimeric states in the DMSNN as the coupling strength increases. Finally, a hardware implementation platform is constructed using a highly integrated SSD202 processor to validate the accuracy of the DMSNN. The results are consistent with the numerical simulations.

Re-examination of nuclear structure properties and shape co-existence of nuclei around A ∼ 70

We re-examine the nuclear structure properties of waiting point nuclei around A ∼ 70 using the interacting boson model-1 (IBM-1) and the relativistic mean field (RMF) model. Effective density-dependent meson-exchange functional (DD-ME2) and density-dependent point-coupling functional (DD-PC1) were used for the RMF calculations. We calculated the energy levels, the geometric shapes, binding and separation energies of nucleons and quadrupole deformation parameters (β2). The shape co-existence phenomena in A ∼ 70 nuclei (68Se, 70Se, 70Br, 70Kr, 72Kr, 74Kr, 74Rb and 74Sr) was later investigated. Spherical and deformed shapes of the selected waiting point nuclei were computed using the IBM-1 and RMF models, respectively. The proton-neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation (pn-QRPA) model was used to calculate β-decay properties (Gamow-Teller strength distributions, β-decay half-lives and branching ratios) of selected nuclei as a function of β2. The results revealed a significant variation in calculated half-lives and Gamow-Teller strength distributions as the shape parameter was changed. The β2 computed via DD-ME2 functional resulted in half-lives in best agreement with the measured data.

Study on multi-state of meshing-impacting dynamic characteristics of spur gear systems considering friction under localized tooth breakage

Localized tooth breakage is one of the common failures of spur gears, which affects the smooth and safe operation of spur gear transmission systems. The tooth collision cannot be neglected, and it is especially important to reveal the meshing-impacting dynamic characteristics of the gear system under localized tooth breakage to improve the safe and stable operation of the gear system. Based on the gear meshing principle and the dissipative collision contact force model, the drive-side tooth meshing model and back-side tooth impacting model are established with considering the transient nature of tooth back-side contact. The tooth surface meshing model and tooth back collision model under partial breakage are established. According to the contact state and force environment of the gear pair, the multi-state meshing-impacting behaviour under local breakage is classified, and the discrete meshing-impact dynamics model of an involute spur gear system under local breakage is established to explore the influence of local breakage on the meshing stiffness and load distribution. The mechanism of contact force under partial tooth breakage is revealed, and the influence of load coefficient and meshing frequency on the nonlinear dynamics is studied by defining two Poincaré maps. It is found that local tooth breakage affects the contact force of single-and double-tooth meshes and reduces gear load carrying capacity. Larger loads inhibit back-side impact, and smaller loads induce the coexistence behaviour and back-side impact. Larger or smaller meshing frequency induce back-side impact behaviour. The coexistence of chaotic and periodic motions induces back-side impact behaviour, and localized tooth breakage affects the coexistence phenomenon and aggravates the complexity of the dynamic behaviour. The dynamic model of gear system considering energy dissipation and nonlinear vibration under the presence of local tooth breakage of the pinion is explored, and the conditions of back-side impact are studied. This research provides new methods and ideas for nonlinear dynamic modelling and analysis of faulty gear systems.

Nonlinear coexistence phenomenon and FPGA implementation with the hybrid of memristive–memcapacitive hyperchaotic system

Nonlinear coexistence phenomenon and FPGA implementation with the hybrid of memristive–memcapacitive hyperchaotic system

A New Hyperchaotic Map Based on Discrete Memristor and Meminductor: Dynamics Analysis, Encryption Application, and DSP Implementation

At present, discrete memristor is a focus of chaotic mapping. However, the study of discrete memcapacitor and discrete meminductor has not begun. In order to study the dynamics of discrete meminductor and the dynamics of chaotic map containing discrete meminductor. In this paper, a five dimensional Hyperchaotic mapping is constructed by combining discrete memristor and discrete meminductor. In addition, the dynamical behavior of chaotic mapping is analyzed by means of the phase diagram of chaotic attractor, LEs, Bifurcation diagram and spectral entropy complexity. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation show that the five -dimensional chaotic map not only has hyperchaotic phenomenon, but also can generate different types of chaotic attractors with the change of parameters. Especially, the special phenomenon of coexistence of attractors is discovered. This makes this five-dimensional hyperchaotic map more suitable for many chaotic based engineering applications. So, an application of discrete chaotic system in chaotic image encryption is proposed. The security and reliability of the encryption scheme are analyzed by NIST test, entropy, correlation and histogram. Finally, the results of the numerical simulation are verified by digital circuit. Due to its complex dynamical characteristics, the 5-D hyperchaotic map has great value in engineering applications.

Shapes and structure for the lowest states of the 42,44Ca isotopes

The shape and the associated dynamics of the 42,44Ca isotopes are investigated within the Bohr-Mottelson Model and the Covariant Density Functional Theory for the presence of the shape coexistence and mixing phenomena. The corresponding experimental energy spectrum and most of the electromagnetic transitions are well reproduced only by taking into account such phenomena. New possible developments of the models are indicated where improvements in agreement with the experimental data are needed.

Coexisting fast–slow dendritic traveling waves in a 3D-array electric field coupled neuronal network

Coexistence of fast and slow traveling waves without synaptic transmission has been found in hhhippocampal tissues, which is closely related to both normal brain activity and abnormal neural activity such as epileptic discharge. However, the propagation mechanism behind this coexistence phenomenon remains unclear. In this paper, a three-dimensional electric field coupled hippocampal neural network is established to investigate generation of coexisting spontaneous fast and slow traveling waves. This model captures two types of dendritic traveling waves propagating in both transverse and longitude directions: the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-dependent wave with a speed of about 0.1 m/s and the Ca-dependent wave with a speed of about 0.009 m/s. These traveling waves are synaptic-independent and could be conducted only by the electric fields generated by neighboring neurons, which are basically consistent with the in vitro data measured experiments. It is also found that the slow Ca wave could trigger generation of fast NMDA waves in the propagation path of slow waves whereas fast NMDA waves cannot affect the propagation of slow Ca waves. These results suggest that dendritic Ca waves could acted as the source of the coexistence fast and slow waves. Furthermore, we also confirm the impact of cellular spacing heterogeneity on the onset of coexisting fast and slow waves. The local region with decreasing distances among neighbor neurons is more liable to promote the onset of spontaneous slow waves which, as sources, excite propagation of fast waves. These modeling studies provide possible biophysical mechanisms underlying the neural dynamics of spontaneous traveling waves in brain tissues.

Knowledge‐driven spatial competitive intelligence for tourism

AbstractCompetition among tourism enterprises is an ineluctable component of sustainable tourism growth, requiring comprehensive studies to understand its dynamic and develop appropriate strategies. The literature employs text mining or statistical analyses to identify correlations between tourism areas as competitive relationships. However, this approach may not be fully applicable, due to the sparsity of crucial coexistence phenomena, and may fail to investigate fine‐grained attractions' competition inside destination using large‐scale geospatial data. To overcome the limitations, this study proposes a knowledge‐driven competitive intelligence framework for tourism management, utilizing knowledge graph (KG) construction and inference technologies. First, multi‐mode heterogeneous tourism data are integrated into a unified KG, including tourist check‐in, online text, and basic geographic information. Second, the spatial‐dependent GNN‐based model absorbing abundant spatial semantic knowledge from tourism‐oriented KG can enhance the performance of competition reasoning. Third, with multiple analyses via symbolic queries on KG, a comprehensive panorama of competition situations can be revealed.

Characteristics and Outcomes of Atrial Fibrillation in Chronic Heart Failure Patients: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Colombian Heart Failure Registry.

Heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) represent conditions that commonly coexist. The impact of AF in HF has yet to be well studied in Latin America. This study aimed to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical features, along with patients' outcomes with AF and HF from the Colombian Heart Failure Registry (RECOLFACA). Patients with ambulatory HF and AF were included in RECOLFACA, mainly with persistent or permanent AF. A 6-month follow-up was performed. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality. To assess the impact of AF on mortality, we used a logistic regression model. A P value of < 0.05 was considered significant. All statistical tests were two-tailed. Of 2,528 patients with HF in the registry, 2,514 records included information regarding AF diagnosis. Five hundred sixty (22.3%) were in AF (mean age 73 ± 11, 56% men), while 1,954 had no AF (mean age 66 ± 14 years, 58% men). Patients with AF were significantly older and had a different profile of comorbidities and implanted devices compared to non-AF patients. Moreover, AF diagnosis was associated with lower quality of life score (EuroQol-5D), mainly in mobility, personal care, and daily activity. AF was prevalent in patients with preserved ejection fraction (EF), while no significant differences in N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were observed. Although higher mortality was observed in the AF group compared to individuals without AF (8.9% vs. 6.1%, respectively; P = 0.016), this association lost statistical significance after adjusting by age in a multivariate regression model (odds ratio (OR): 1.35; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95 - 1.92). AF is more prevalent in HF patients with higher EF, lower quality of life and different clinical profiles. Similar HF severity and non-independent association with mortality were observed in our cohort. These results emphasize the need for an improved understanding of the AF and HF coexistence phenomenon.

Shape evolution and shape coexistence in even-even Mo isotopic chain

The phenomena of shape evolution and shape coexistence within the Molybdenum isotopic chain are investigated using the covariant density functional theory with the parameterizations DD-ME2 and DD-PC1. Furthermore, various ground state properties of this chain are investigated, including binding energy, two-neutron separation energy, charge radii, and two-neutron shell gap. A robust agreement is observed when comparing with the available experimental data. The ground state deformation of Mo isotopes evolves smoothly and correlates with the continuous and gradual changes observed in the physical properties. A noticeable phenomenon of shape coexistence can be observed in certain isotopes, marked by the simultaneous existence of both a triaxial and an oblate axial minimum. A pronounced and well-defined shell closure is prominently evident at the neutron magic number N=82.

An FHN-HR Neuron Network Coupled With a Novel Locally Active Memristor and Its DSP Implementation.

In this article, a novel locally active memristor (LAM) model is designed and its characteristics are studied in detail. Then, the LAM model is applied to couple FitzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) and Hindmarsh-Rose (HR) neuron. The simple neuron network is built to emulate connection of separate neurons and transmission of information from FHN neuron to HR neuron. The equilibrium point about this FHN-HR model is analyzed. Under the influence of varied parameters, dynamical characteristics for the model are explored with various analysis methods, including phase diagram, time series, bifurcation diagram, and Lyapunov exponent spectrum (LEs). The spectral entropy (SE) complexity and sequence randomness of the model are studied. In addition to observing chaotic and periodic attractors, multiple types of attractor coexistence and particular state transition phenomena are also found in the coupled FHN-HR model. Furthermore, geometric control is used for modulating the amplitude and offset of attractor and neuron firing signals, involving amplitude control and offset control. Finally, DSP implementation is finished, proving digital circuit feasibility of the FHN-HR model. The research imitates the coupling and information transmission between different neurons and has potential applications to secrecy or encryption.

Elucidating the Mn-Doping Induced Phase Transition from Orthorhombic Pnma to Rhombohedral R3c in LaFeO3: Insights from Mössbauer Spectroscopy

LaFe1-xMnxO3 (0≤x≤0.9) samples were synthesized through the sol-gel method. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, with the increase of Mn doping, the crystal structure of the sample changes from orthogonal Pnma structure to rhombohedral R3c structure, and a two-phase coexistence phenomenon exists within the range of 0.4≤x≤0.7. Using Mössbauer spectroscopy, the coexistence range of the two phases and the iron content in each phase were identified. At x=0.4, the Pnma phase contribution (91.1%) dominates, with only a slight R3c phase contribution (8.9%). As the amount of Mn doping gradually increases, the R3c phase becomes dominant at x=0.6 (74.6%), and the Pnma phase completely disappears at x=0.8. This work will provide an important perspective for future researchers studying similar phase coexistence systems.

Mixed gray-color images encryption algorithm based on a memristor chaotic system and 2D compression sensing

Multi-image encryption has attracted great interest in the era of secret communication, however, the mixed encryption of gray and color images has been reported rarely. Meanwhile, the security of image encryption based on chaos system depends heavily on the performance of pseudo randomness and sensibility. Thus, a four-dimensional chaotic system is improved by introducing a memristor, which has good nonlinear characteristic and can enhance chaotic property. It is found that this new system possesses larger chaotic scope and exhibits a coexistence phenomenon, all of which reveal the intricate nature and underlying application. After the verification of spectral entropy and circuit simulations of the new system, a mixed-image encryption algorithm based on two-dimension compression sensing (2DCS) is designed innovatively. To achieve the target of compression and encryption, the image set is first preprocessed and varied utilizing DWT, and then is sampled by measurement matrix in two-dimension. Next, the pixels of compressed image set are diffused by employing DNA coding. The accuracy of reconstruction image is closely related to the randomness and sparsity of the measurement matrix. Chaotic system with pseudo-randomness can be fully exploited to fabric a measurement matrix. Hence the Toeplitz cyclic chaos matrix is conceived and the reconstruction accuracy does have better results. In addition, this method can not only encrypt multiple mixed images with grey and color simultaneously, but also compress them with different sizes and less storage space. At last, the reliability of the novel algorithm is assessed through a series of reconstruction and security performance tests. The results indicate that the encryption scheme has a better effect than encrypting one kind of image, and prove that the algorithm has high reconstruction accuracy and security.

Association between systemic lupus erythematosus and inflammatory bowel disease in European and East Asian populations: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Previous studies have shown a coexistence phenomenon between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the causal relationship between them is still unclear. Therefore, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using publicly available summary statistics data to evaluate whether there was a causal relationship between the two diseases. Summary statistics for SLE and IBD were downloaded from the Open Genome-Wide Association Study and the International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetics Consortium. European and East Asian populations were included in this MR work. We adopted a series of methods to select instrumental variables that are closely related to SLE and IBD. To make the conclusion more reliable, we applied a variety of different analysis methods, among which the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was the main method. In addition, heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and sensitivity were assessed to make the conclusions more convincing. In the European population, a negative causal relationship was observed between SLE and overall IBD (OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.90, 0.98; P < 0.004) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (OR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.88, 0.98; P = 0.006). After removing outliers with Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO), the results remained consistent with IVW. However, there was no causal relationship between SLE and Crohn's disease. In the East Asian population, no causal relationship was found between SLE and IBD. Our results found that genetic susceptibility to SLE was associated with lower overall IBD risk and UC risk in European populations. In contrast, no association between SLE and IBD was found in East Asian populations. This work might enrich the previous research results, and it may provide some references for research in the future.

Trust in healthcare professionals of people with chronic cardiovascular disease.

Trust is an essential phenomenon of relationship between patients and healthcare professionals and can be described as an accepted vulnerability to the power of another person over something that one cares about in virtue of goodwill toward the trustor. This characterization of interpersonal trust appears to be adequate for patients suffering from chronic illness. Trust is especially important in the context of chronic cardiovascular diseases as one of the main global health problems. The purpose of the qualitative study was to gain a deeper understanding of how people with chronic cardiovascular disease experience and make sense of trust in healthcare professionals. Eleven semi-structured interviews with participants analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis to explore in detail their lived experience of trust as a relational phenomenon. Participants with chronic cardiovascular disease were purposively recruited from inpatients on the cardiology ward of the university hospital located in central Slovakia. The study was approved by the faculty ethics committee. Participants gave their written informed consent. Sense of co-existence; Belief in competence; Will to help; Ontological security with eight subthemes were identified. The findings describe the participants' experience with trust in healthcare professionals as a phenomenon of close co-existence, which is rooted in the participants' vulnerability and dependence on the goodwill and competence of health professionals to help with the consequence of (re)establishing a sense of ontological security in the situation of chronic illness. Findings will contribute to an in-depth understanding of trust as an existential dimension of human co-existence and an ethical requirement of healthcare practice, inspire patient empowerment interventions, support adherence to treatment, and person-centred care.