Coexistence Of Lung Cancer Research Articles

Lung adenocarcinoma concurrent with pulmonary cryptococcosis: a case report and literature review

Pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) is a common opportunistic fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gattii. PC primarily invades the respiratory system, followed by the central nervous system. Few clinical reports have examined the coexistence of PC and lung cancer. This study reports the case of a 54-year-old immunocompetent PC patient with lung adenocarcinoma. Chest CT revealed multiple nodules in the right lung, with the largest nodule located in the dorsal segment of the right lower lobe. 18 F‑FDG positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) revealed elevated glucose metabolism in the dorsal segment of the right lower lobe, which suggested lung cancer. The metabolism level of the nodule in the basal segment of the right lower lobe and the anterior segment of the right upper lobe was not abnormally increased, but the possibility of a malignant tumour could not be excluded. The pulmonary nodules in the dorsal segment and the basal segment of the right lower lobe were simultaneously resected via video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), and the final histopathology revealed primary lung adenocarcinoma and pulmonary cryptococcal infection, respectively. After surgery, antifungal treatment was administered for 3 months. Over the 3-year follow-up, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed no recurrence of either disease. This case study highlights the possibility of dualism in the diagnosis of multiple pulmonary nodules on chest CT, such as the coexistence of lung cancer and PC. Surgical resection is recommended for micronodules that are not easy to diagnose via needle biopsy; in addition, early diagnosis and treatment are helpful for ensuring a good prognosis. This paper reports the clinical diagnosis and treatment of one patient with pulmonary cryptococcal infection of the right lung complicated with lung adenocarcinoma, including 3 years of follow-up, providing a reference for clinical practice.

Visualization analysis of research progress and trends in coexistence of lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis using bibliometrics

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of lung cancer combined with pulmonary tuberculosis has been increasing, but there is relatively limited published literature on the topic of lung cancer combined with tuberculosis (LC‐PTB) from a bibliometric perspective. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to quantitatively analyze the LC‐PTB‐related literature to better understand the current status of this field and identify future research trends.MethodsWe searched for articles related to LC‐PTB using the Web of Science Core Collection (SCI‐E) and conducted a visual analysis of publication quantity, countries, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords using bibliometric software (CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Scimago Graphica).ResultsAs of January 8, 2024, a total of 460 publications related to LC‐PTB were included for analysis from 3705 retrieved records. The number of publications has been increasing almost yearly, with most from China (n = 123), followed by the United States (n = 77). Taipei Medical University contributed the most publications (n = 11). Jing‐Yang Huang and Yung‐Po Liaw (eight documents each) ranked first among the included authors. The Journal of Thoracic Oncology was the most productive academic journal on LC‐PTB. The aggregation of key nodes in the co‐citation network and the chronological sequence indicated that LC‐PTB research has shifted from initial hotspots such as lung diseases, bronchitis, and exposure to recent areas, including immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and nivolumab.ConclusionIn this study, we visualized the current status of LC‐PTB research as well as future trends using bibliometric methods, providing new insights into the differential diagnosis of LC‐PTB and its related promoting mechanisms.

Influence of Rifamycin on Survival in Patients with Concomitant Lung Cancer and Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

The coexistence of lung cancer and tuberculosis is not rare. Rifamycin plays a pivotal role in anti-tuberculosis therapy. However, its potential impact on the liver metabolism of oncology drugs raises concerns. We performed this study to explore whether Rifamycin affects the survival of patients with tuberculosis and lung cancer. Drawing from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified patients diagnosed with concurrent lung cancer and tuberculosis between 2000 and 2014. Patients were categorized based on whether they underwent rifamycin-inclusive or rifamycin-exempt anti-tuberculosis therapy. Subsequently, we paired them at a 1:1 ratio and evaluated the mortality risk over a two-year span. Out of the study participants, 1558 (81.4%) received rifamycin-based anti-tuberculosis therapy, while 356 (18.6%) underwent a rifamycin-free regimen. Analysis revealed no marked variance in the biennial mortality rate between the groups (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.33, 95% confidence interval 0.93-1.90, p = 0.1238). When focusing on the matched sets comprising 127 individuals in each group, the data did not indicate a significant link between rifamycin and a heightened two-year mortality risk (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.00, 95% confidence interval 0.86-1.18, p = 0.9538). For individuals with concomitant lung cancer and tuberculosis, rifamycin's administration did not adversely influence two-year survival. Thus, rifamycin-containing anti-TB regimens should be prescribed for the indicated patients.

Coexistence of pulmonary tuberculosis and small cell lung carcinoma: A significant problem in tuberculosis-endemic country?

Pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer are public health problems, causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The coexistence of the two diseases has rarely been reported while their causative association has been noticed leading to diagnosis delayed and prognosis worsening. In this case report, we present the case of a patient with coexistence of pulmonary tuberculosis and small cell lung carcinoma. A 54-year-old male was presented with the complained of lower left chest pain for six months, which was getting worse four days before admission to the hospital. The patient also complained of cough and decreased appetite and weight loss. Initial chest X-ray revealed an infiltrate and cavity in the upper right lung and inhomogeneous consolidation in the left paracardial. After the patient was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and was given anti-tuberculosis drugs for two months, the cavity and consolidation decreased with no clinically significant improvement. We performed a bronchoscopy with suspicion of lung cancer and a forcep biopsy in which small cell carcinoma was confirmed. The patient received two cycles of chemotherapy and anti-tuberculosis was continued for four months. During the observation in the fourth month, there was a reduction in the tumor size. This case highlights that similarity of clinical symptoms between pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer often lead to misdiagnosis of both. Therefore, in the absence of complete clinical and radiological improvement in pulmonary tuberculosis patients, the coexistence of lung cancer should be considered. This also highlights that early diagnosis is critical for the favorable outcome.

Coexistence of lung cancer in a patient with non-tuberculous mycobacteria

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) may mimic lung carcinoma as a solitary mass or miliary nodules, the coexistence of NTM and lung carcinoma is rare. The diagnosis may be delayed due to a high initial index of suspicion for mycobacterium tuberculosis complex rather than malignancy in an endemic country like India. We report a rare case of 47-year-old male who presented with exertional dyspnea, cough with expectoration and fever was initially treated with anti-tuberculous drugs following a mycobacterium avium complex growth in BAL cultures. Despite treatment, patient’s condition worsened, and computed tomography (CT) guided biopsy was done which showed adenocarcinoma. This case report highlights that a lung biopsy is a necessity for accurate diagnosis, and a positive NTM culture doesn't always exclude a concomitant lung carcinoma.

Clinical and pathological characteristics associated with the presence of the IS6110 Mycobacterim tuberculosis transposon in neoplastic cells from non-small cell lung cancer patients

Lung cancer (LC) and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are the deadliest neoplastic and bacterial infectious diseases worldwide, respectively. Clinicians and pathologists have long discussed the co-existence of LC and TB, and several epidemiologic studies have presented evidence indicating that TB could be associated with the development of LC, particularly adenocarcinoma. Nonetheless, this data remains controversial, and the mechanism which could underlie the association remains largely unexplored. Some bioinformatic studies have shown that human cancer biopsies have a very high frequency of bacterial DNA integration; since Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTb) is an intracellular pathogen, it could play an active role in the cellular transformation. Our group performed an exploratory study in a cohort of 88 LC patients treated at the Instituto Nacional de Cancelorogía (INCan) of Mexico City to evaluate the presence of MTb DNA in LC tissue specimens. For the first time, our results show the presence of the MTb IS6110 transposon in 40.9% (n = 36/88) of patients with lung adenocarcinomas. Additionally, through in-situ PCR we identified the presence of IS6110 in the nuclei of tumor cells. Furthermore, shotgun sequencing from two samples identified traces of MTb genomes present in tumor tissue, suggesting that similar Mtb strains could be infecting both patients.

Associated Factors and Comorbidities of Airflow Limitation in Subjects Undergoing Comprehensive Health Examination in Japan - Survey of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Epidemiology in Japan (SCOPE- J).

PurposeTo identify associated factors of having at least one of the airflow limitation, chronic cough/phlegm, and currently treated respiratory diseases in health examinees, and to describe the characteristics of each subgroup classified by comorbidities.Subjects and MethodsThis was an observational cross-sectional survey carried out in multiple regions of Japan. Subjects aged 40 years older, undergoing comprehensive health examination, were recruited. Airflow limitation was defined as having forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity lower than 70%. Associated factors of having at least one of the airflow limitation, chronic cough/phlegm, and currently treated respiratory diseases were examined by logistic regression analysis. Subgroup classification by comorbidity patterns was conducted by hierarchical cluster analysis.ResultsIn a total of 22,293 subjects, 1520 (6.8%) had at least one of the airflow limitation, chronic cough/phlegm, and currently treated respiratory diseases. With this objective variable, the following explanatory variables were significantly associated: older age, higher total score in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test (CAT) and coexistence of lung cancer (common in ever-smokers and never-smokers), higher pack-years, lower body mass index, higher C-reactive protein, without coexistence of diabetes mellitus (specific in ever-smokers), male sex, coexistence of anxiety, and sleep disorder (specific in never-smokers). Among the 1520 subjects, 1512 subjects with smoking history data were classified by comorbidity patterns into subgroups of “no comorbidities,” “mixed comorbidities,” “inflammatory comorbidities,” “overweight,” “underweight,” and “chronic kidney disease.” “Inflammatory comorbidities” were specific in ever-smokers, and “underweight” was specific in never-smokers.ConclusionSeveral factors were identified as associated factors of having at least one of airflow limitation, chronic cough/phlegm, and currently treated respiratory diseases and they were different between ever-smokers and never-smokers. Different comorbidity patterns were observed by smoking history. These findings could provide information to assist the management of subjects with COPD or at risk for COPD in the general population.

P1.06-013 Latent Tuberculosis in Newly Diagnosed Lung Cancer Patients. An Spanish Prospective Study

Lung cancer and tuberculosis (TB) share common risk factors and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Coexistence of lung cancer and TB were reported in previous studies, with uncertain pathogenesis. The association between lung cancer and latent TB infection (LTBI) remains to be explored. In Spain the prevalence is higher compared to other European countries and there are a high emigration rates. The key objective is to place value on the need to detect LTBI for assessment for prophylaxis in patients at risk of reactivation due to cancer and cancer treatments.

Management of co-existing lung cancer and endobronchal hamartomas

The coexistence of lung cancer with another endobronchial malignant lesion is well known, although lung cancer with endobronchial hamartoma is infrequent, and requires accurate oncologic evaluation of the endobronchial lesion prior to potential surgical treatment of the lung cancer. These entities can lead to significant diagnostic confusion when encountered together and lead to inappropriate patient staging and treatment. We describe a patient with an undiagnosed endobronchial mass and a biopsy-proven lung cancer. She presented at another institution and was considered unresectable. She was then successfully managed by a staged approach using initial complete bronchoscopic resection of the endobronchial mass, which was found to be benign but completely obstructing the airway, and subsequent right upper lobectomy and mediastinal lymphadenectomy. The right upper lobe mass was squamous carcinoma and was ultimately stage 1A disease.

Découverte concomitante d’un cancer bronchique et d’une tuberculose chez un consommateur de cannabis

The coexistence of lung cancer and active tuberculosis is relatively rare. We report a case of concomitant discovery of lung cancer and tuberculosis in the context of addiction to tobacco and cannabis. A 50-year-old man, smoking tobacco and cannabis since the age of 18, was hospitalized for hemoptysis. Physical examination revealed cachexia, hyperthermia and decreased breath sounds on auscultation of the left lung field. The chest X-ray objectified atelectasis of the left upper lobe. The CT scan revealed a left upper lobe atelectasis and a cavity surrounded opacities taking a tree in bud appearance located at the apex of the left lower lobe. Endoscopy showed an obstruction by a bud located at the upper left lobe. Histology of bronchial biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma. Direct examination of bacteriological samples found BAAR and culture confirmed tuberculosis. The contamination could occur via a close relative, smoking cannabis and being treated for tuberculosis. After a 6-month treatment for tuberculosis, the patient underwent a course of chemotherapy, but refused further treatment. Death occurred 3months later. This observation relates the concomitant discovery of lung cancer and tuberculosis. It also highlights the possible role of cannabis addiction in the transmission of tuberculosis and the occurrence of lung cancer in combination with tobacco.

Latent TB infection in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients – A multicenter prospective observational study

ObjectivesLung cancer and tuberculosis (TB) share common risk factors and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Coexistence of lung cancer and TB were reported in previous studies, with uncertain pathogenesis. The association between lung cancer and latent TB infection (LTBI) remains to be explored. MethodsNewly diagnosed, treatment-naïve lung cancer patients were prospectively enrolled from four referral medical centers in Taiwan. The presence of LTBI was determined by QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT). Demographic characteristics and cancer-related factors associated with LTBI were investigated. The survival status was also analyzed according to the status of LTBI. ResultsA total of 340 lung cancer patients were enrolled, including 96 (28.2%) LTBI, 214 (62.9%) non-LTBI, and 30 (8.8%) QFT-GIT results-indeterminate cases. Non-adenocarcinoma cases had higher proportion of LTBI than those of adenocarcinoma, especially in patients with younger age. In multivariate analysis, COPD (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.25–4.64), fibrocalcified lesions on chest radiogram (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.45–5.11), and main tumor located in typical TB areas (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.15–3.55) were independent clinical predictors for LTBI. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated patients with indeterminate QFT-GIT results had significantly higher 1-year all-cause mortality than those with LTBI (p<0.001) and non-LTBI (p=0.003). In multivariate analysis, independent predictors for 1-year all-cause mortality included BMI<18.5 (HR 2.09, 95% CI 1.06–4.14, p=0.033), advanced stage of lung cancer (RR 7.76, 95% CI 1.90–31.78, p=0.004), and indeterminate QFT-GIT results (RR 2.40, 95% CI 1.27–4.54, p=0.007). ConclusionsMore than one-quarter of newly diagnosed lung cancer patients in Taiwan have LTBI. The independent predictors for LTBI include COPD, fibrocalcified lesions on chest radiogram, and main tumor located in typical TB areas. The survival rate is comparable between LTBI and non-LTBI cases. However, indeterminate QFT-GIT result was an independent predictor for all-cause mortality in lung cancer patients.

A Case of Synchronous Lung Adenocarcinoma and Extranodal Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Type

Abstract SESSION TYPE: Cancer Global Case Report PostersPRESENTED ON: Tuesday, October 23, 2012 at 01:30 PM - 02:30 PMINTRODUCTION: Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (extranodal MZL) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type, also called MALT lymphoma, is a distinct subgroup of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). More than two thirds of primary pulmonary NHLs are extranodal MZLs but they account for less than 0.5% of all primary lung neoplasms. Only a few cases of simultaneous lung cancer and pulmonary extranodal MZL have been reported. Also, it is extremely rare that primary extranodal MZL occurs in the large airways. To our knowledge, only one case of lung cancer coexisting with extranodal MZL of the large airway has been reported. We report a case of synchronous lung adenocarcinoma and primary extranodal MZL of the left main bronchus.CASE PRESENTATION: A 60-year old woman was referred to our hospital with a pulmonary nodule in the right upper lung seen on chest radiograph during a routine health checkup. She had never smoked. A chest radiograph showed a nodule in the right upper lung. A chest computed tomographic (CT) scan showed a peripherally located 2.4 × 1.8 cm sized solid nodule in the anterior segment of the right upper lobe. Fluorine 18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)-CT scan revealed abnormal FDG uptake in the right upper lobe lung nodule and in the right hilar lymph node. She underwent CT image-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy of the nodule in the right upper lobe. Additionally, a flexible bronchoscopic examination was performed to identify the endobronchial lesion. At bronchoscopy, a few small variable-sized protrusions were observed in the proximal left main bronchus and a biopsy was performed . The needle biopsy specimens of the right lung nodule showed non-mucinous adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical stains were positive for CK7 and TTF-1, and negative for CK20. Histopathology of the bronchoscopic biopsy specimens of the left main bronchus lesions showed diffuse proliferation of atypical lymphoid cells beneath the mucosal epithelium. Immunohistochemical stains showed diffuse strong positive for CD20, and were negative for CKpan and CD10. The bronchial lesion was diagnosed as extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type. She underwent right upper lobectomy and lymph node dissection for the lung adenocarcinoma. However, she did not receive specialized therapy for extranodal MZL of the left main bronchus. Since then she has been observed regularly.DISCUSSION: Synchronous primary malignancy and extranodal MZL in the same anatomical sites, such as stomach and lung is very unusual. To our knowledge, there is only one other report showing the coexistence of lung cancer and pulmonary extranodal MZL of the large airway. However, in that case, the histology of lung cancer was squamous cell carcinoma. The present case is the first report of the simultaneous occurrence of lung adenocarcinoma and pulmonary extranodal MZL of the large airway. The cause of the synchronous lesions in our case is uncertain. We postulate that a pulmonary extranodal MZL may coincide with a lung adenocarcinoma by accident. Little is known about the mechanism of the simultaneous occurrence of these different tumors. Moreover, the two different malignancies were located in different lungs in this case. However, other possible causes may include common etiologic factors and genetic or epigenetic alterations participating in the development of both the lung adenocarcinoma and extranodal MZL. Further studies will be required to clarify the relationship between lung adenocarcinoma and pulmonary extranodal MZL. It is necessary to accumulate more cases with both malignancies.CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, we report a unique case of pulmonary extranodal MZL of main bronchus coexisting with lung adenocarcinoma. The patient was asymptomatic and was diagnosed with pulmonary extranodal MZL by chance during investigation of an endobronchial lesion.1) Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stein H, Vardiman JW. World Health Organization Classification of Tumors. Pathology and Genetics of Tumors of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid tissue. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2001.DISCLOSURE: The following authors have nothing to disclose: Chi Young Jung, Young June JeonNo Product/Research Disclosure InformationKeimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea.

P3-269: The coexistence of lung cancer and thromboembolism

P3-269: The coexistence of lung cancer and thromboembolism

Lung cancer in patients with tuberculosis.

BackgroundCoexistent lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis is an urgent problem of thoracic surgery presenting a challenging task for diagnosis and surgical treatment.Materials and methodsFrom 1990 to 2005, 2218 patients with lung cancer underwent surgical treatment in Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Vilnius University. In 46 (2.1%) patients coexistence of lung cancer and tuberculosis was found. Central lung cancer was diagnosed in 37 (80.4%) and peripheral – in 9 (19.6%) patients. Epidermoid cancer was diagnosed in 24 (52.2%) patients, adenocarcinoma – in 10 (21.7%) and adenoepidermoid carcinoma – in 12 (26.1%) patients. Stage I cancer was diagnosed in 12 (26.1%), stage II – in 11 (23.9%), and stage IIIA – in 23 (50%) patients.ResultsPneumonectomy was performed in 18 (39.2%), lobectomy in 10 (21.7%), bilobectomy in 10 (21.7%), segmentectomy in 8 (17.4%) patients. Postoperative surgical complications were observed in 9 (19.5%) patients, non-surgical complications occurred in 19 patients (41.3%). Six patients (13.04%) died. Combined treatment was applied to 23 (50%) patients.ConclusionCoexistence of tuberculosis and lung cancer in thoracic surgery is fairly rare. This combination was diagnosed only in 46 cases (2.1%) out of 2218 operated lung cancer patients. Epidermoid carcinoma and stage IIIA disease was diagnosed in 50% of patients. Postoperative surgical complications occurred in 9 patients (19.5%) with lung cancer and tuberculosis. Six patients (13%) died in postoperative period. Surgery is the method of choice in treatment of combination of tuberculosis and lung cancer. Median survival of these patients was 28 ± 2 months.

Simultaneous Presentation Of Pulmonary Tuberculosis And Lung Cancer: Experience From A Regional Cancer Centre

Background: Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis is very high in India. Lung cancer is the most common cancer in males in Delhi and because of close similarity in clinical and radiological features of lung cancer and tuberculosis many of lung cancer patients have had received empirical anti tubercular treatment (ATT) before a diagnosis of lung cancer was established. True incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in lung cancer is not known. Tuberculosis in lung cancer may get reactivated following chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Simultaneous presentation of tuberculosis and lung cancer independent of treatment with immunosuppresants, however, is rare. Material and Methods: At our center we evaluated records of 580 lung cancer patients seen over a period of 5 years to see incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in lung cancer. Patients who had been worked up for pulmonary tuberculosis like sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for AFB smear or culture were identified. Results: Two hundred and ninety eight of these patients were worked up for pulmonary tuberculosis. Twelve patients in the present study had documented evidence of simultaneous existence of pulmonary tuberculosis (acid fast bacilli positive sputum and or culture positivity) and lung cancer. Radiologically, no separate active tubercular lesion was identified except in one patient who had left upper zone fibro parenchymal lesion. Fibrosis and calcification on chest X-rays (CXR) suggestive of old tuberculosis were evident in 7 patients. Eight patients died of progressive lung cancer within 3 months of diagnosis, 4 patients became acid fast bacilli (AFB) negative after 2 months of anti tubercular therapy. Diagnosis of lung cancer was delayed in 4 patients as they were receiving anti tubercular therapy after detection of AFB in sputum. Conclusion: Recognition of tuberculosis is important not only because it is curable but also due to the fact that its presence interferes with radiological assessment to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Sputum acid fast smear may be done more frequently in patients of lung cancer in countries where tuberculosis has high prevalence. The true incidence may be still higher and newer techniques e.g. PCR based and others may help in knowing true incidence of co existence of lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis.

Mediastinal castleman disease associated with pulmonary carcinoma, Mimicking N2 stage lung cancer

A 67-year-old man presented at our hospital with suspected right lung cancer with mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy. Although swollen lymph nodes had first been noted 8 years previously, only minimal enlargement had occurred over the intervening period. Video-assisted thoracoscopic biopsy of the pulmonary lesion and the mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes was performed. Final histopathological diagnosis was a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung staged as T1NOMO and a coexistent localized hyaline-vascular type of Castleman disease. Right upper lobectomy was performed and postoperative histological findings suggested that this was likely to be curative. This is a rare case of coexistence of lung cancer and Castleman disease, illustrating the difficulties in distinguishing lymph node metastasis from other pulmonary diseases.

Coexistence of lung cancer and tuberculoma in the same lesion: demonstration by high resolution and contrast-enhanced dynamic CT

We report a case of coexistence of lung cancer and tuberculoma in the same lesion. The component parts of lung cancer and tuberculoma were identified on the basis of morphology on high-resolution CT as well as enhancement patterns and time-attenuation curves by contrast-enhanced dynamic CT.

Pulmonary thromboembolic disease

Lung cancer and tuberculosis (TB) share common risk factors and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Coexistence of lung cancer and TB were reported in previous studies, with uncertain pathogenesis. The association between lung cancer and latent TB infection (LTBI) remains to be explored.Newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve lung cancer patients were prospectively enrolled from four referral medical centers in Taiwan. The presence of LTBI was determined by QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT). Demographic characteristics and cancer-related factors associated with LTBI were investigated. The survival status was also analyzed according to the status of LTBI.A total of 340 lung cancer patients were enrolled, including 96 (28.2%) LTBI, 214 (62.9%) non-LTBI, and 30 (8.8%) QFT-GIT results-indeterminate cases. Non-adenocarcinoma cases had higher proportion of LTBI than those of adenocarcinoma, especially in patients with younger age. In multivariate analysis, COPD (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.25–4.64), fibrocalcified lesions on chest radiogram (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.45–5.11), and main tumor located in typical TB areas (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.15–3.55) were independent clinical predictors for LTBI. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated patients with indeterminate QFT-GIT results had significantly higher 1-year all-cause mortality than those with LTBI (p < 0.001) and non-LTBI (p = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, independent predictors for 1-year all-cause mortality included BMI < 18.5 (HR 2.09, 95% CI 1.06–4.14, p = 0.033), advanced stage of lung cancer (RR 7.76, 95% CI 1.90–31.78, p = 0.004), and indeterminate QFT-GIT results (RR 2.40, 95% CI 1.27–4.54, p = 0.007).More than one-quarter of newly diagnosed lung cancer patients in Taiwan have LTBI. The independent predictors for LTBI include COPD, fibrocalcified lesions on chest radiogram, and main tumor located in typical TB areas. The survival rate is comparable between LTBI and non-LTBI cases. However, indeterminate QFT-GIT result was an independent predictor for all-cause mortality in lung cancer patients.

The association of bronchitis with pulmonary tuberculosis

Lung cancer and tuberculosis (TB) share common risk factors and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Coexistence of lung cancer and TB were reported in previous studies, with uncertain pathogenesis. The association between lung cancer and latent TB infection (LTBI) remains to be explored.Newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve lung cancer patients were prospectively enrolled from four referral medical centers in Taiwan. The presence of LTBI was determined by QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT). Demographic characteristics and cancer-related factors associated with LTBI were investigated. The survival status was also analyzed according to the status of LTBI.A total of 340 lung cancer patients were enrolled, including 96 (28.2%) LTBI, 214 (62.9%) non-LTBI, and 30 (8.8%) QFT-GIT results-indeterminate cases. Non-adenocarcinoma cases had higher proportion of LTBI than those of adenocarcinoma, especially in patients with younger age. In multivariate analysis, COPD (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.25–4.64), fibrocalcified lesions on chest radiogram (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.45–5.11), and main tumor located in typical TB areas (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.15–3.55) were independent clinical predictors for LTBI. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated patients with indeterminate QFT-GIT results had significantly higher 1-year all-cause mortality than those with LTBI (p < 0.001) and non-LTBI (p = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, independent predictors for 1-year all-cause mortality included BMI < 18.5 (HR 2.09, 95% CI 1.06–4.14, p = 0.033), advanced stage of lung cancer (RR 7.76, 95% CI 1.90–31.78, p = 0.004), and indeterminate QFT-GIT results (RR 2.40, 95% CI 1.27–4.54, p = 0.007).More than one-quarter of newly diagnosed lung cancer patients in Taiwan have LTBI. The independent predictors for LTBI include COPD, fibrocalcified lesions on chest radiogram, and main tumor located in typical TB areas. The survival rate is comparable between LTBI and non-LTBI cases. However, indeterminate QFT-GIT result was an independent predictor for all-cause mortality in lung cancer patients.