Code Section Research Articles

MicroRNAs as Indicators of Alterations in Reaction to Endurance Training

Without a doubt, endurance sports are beneficial for heart health and general fitness; regular physical exercise is thought to be one of the best ways to avoid cardiovascular disease. Gene expression is regulated by tiny molecules known as microRNAs, which are generated subsequent to transcription. Translational repression, mRNA deadenylation, and decapping are all caused by miRNAs when they attach to a certain region at the 3′ UTR of their target mRNAs (40, 41). Along with promoter regions, additional mRNA regions such as the 5′ UTR and coding sequence have also been shown to include miRNA binding sites. While it has been shown that miRNA contact with a promoter region may drive transcription, miRNA binding to the 5′ UTR and coding sections silences the expression of genes. According to preliminary research, miRNAs may serve as helpful indicators of the systemic changes brought on by exercise before they are identified using traditional imaging or laboratory methods. This study focused on four important physiological processes that help the body adapt to various endurance workouts. We found that miR-27, miR-221, miR-210, miR-328, miR-133a, miR-134a, and miR-20a are essential for adaptive response to exercise after conducting a thorough literature search.

Abortion Due to Fetal Defects

Abortion is a word that symbolizes a crime in which the perpetrator must be punished because it is considered to have taken away a human being's right to life. However, sometimes abortion has to be carried out because if the pregnancy continues, the mother's life will be at stake due to the disability suffered by the occupant of her womb. Defects experienced by the fetus must be declared by a recognized medical expert in the field of pregnancy. This research question is how the laws and fatwas from Malaysian mufti clerics conclude the legal status of abortion due to fetal defects. In this research the author uses library research methods and is normative juridical in nature. Malaysia does not have specific laws governing abortion, so everything related to abortion will refer to Penal Code Section 312-316 (Act 574). Dr. Zulkifli Mohamad Al-Bakri, former Minister of Religion and Mufti of the 7th Federal Region stated in an article uploaded to Bayan Linnas No. 68 states that abortion is divided into two laws, namely mandatory if it has not reached the age of 120 days and haram if it has reached the age of 120 days or more unless the fetus being impregnated threatens the mother's life then it is permitted. Here it can be concluded that abortion is permitted if there is harm to the mother. If there is no harm, it is prohibited and forbidden.

Evaluation of Programming in C using WSM Method

Programming in C. The machine-oriented programming language C is mostly used to create many applications and operating systems, like Windows, as well as other complicated programmers, such the Oracle database, Kit, the Python interpreter, and games. Computer programmers and low-level programming applications are often written in the procedural or structured programming language C. Concatenation, data hiding, data compression, inheritance, and polymorphism are some extra aspects of C++ despite the fact that it is an object-oriented programming language. Multiple entities of the same type can be grouped together into a larger group using the C concept of an array. These entities or components may be user-defined data types or structures, such as integer, float, double, or float data types. C-written programmers compile and execute far more quickly than those written in other languages. This is because there are no additional processing overheads like garbage collection. As a result, when compared to other programming languages, the language is quick. An algorithm is a series of actions carried out in a preset order to address a challenge or finish a task. A function is a section of code that is called and carried out by other software elements. An operating system is made using it. The "C" programming language is used to create operating systems like Apple's OS X, Microsoft's Windows, and Symbian. It is utilized to create platforms for desktop and mobile devices. It is used to create compilers. One C feature that contains symbols for doing mathematical, relational, bitwise, conditional, or logical manipulations is the C operator. There are many built-in operators in the C programming language that can be used to carry out different tasks as needed by the application. C has an advantage over other dynamic languages since it is a statically typed programming language. Also, C is a compiler-based programming language, in contrast to Python and Java, which are interpreter-based. It expedites the compilation and execution of code. Weighted Sum works by multiplying the designated field values Indian Technical Institution or appraising the alternatives Analysis in Simply types, Enum types, Struct types, Nullable types. Evaluation parameters in Class types, Interface types, Array types, and Delegate types. Simply types, Enum types, Struct types, Nullable types. Class types, Interface types, Array types, and Delegate types. Nullable types got the first rank whereas Simply types have the lowest rank.

Bridge decks under cold waves: Implications of concrete’s temperature-dependent CTE

Temperature fluctuations within a bridge deck during a cold wave event can cause severe continuity stresses in structures where movement is restrained. Thermal loads are accounted for using thermal gradients that vary depending on bridge location and cross-sectional geometry. However, the effect of temperature change on material properties, particularly on the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is rarely accounted for in the analysis and design. A review of the literature indicates that the CTE of concrete materials can vary significantly with changes in temperature, especially under freezing conditions, whereas saturated or partly saturated concrete exhibits nonlinear expansion at temperatures below freezing, resulting from effective reversal of the CTE sign. This effect has not been considered in the literature, when investigating thermal actions on bridge decks in cold temperatures. The aim of this study is to analyze, using an advanced nonlinear F.E. platform, the structural response of a prestressed concrete box bridge structure subjected to cold wave events, when considering the effect of temperature on the nonlinearity, the magnitude and the sign of the CTE of concrete. Meteorological data from three historical cold events of different intensity is input in the thermal models to simulate the temperature distribution in the bridge deck; the estimated temperature field was then used in a structural model to determine the resulting thermal stresses. The temperature-dependence and nonlinearity of the CTE is modeled after calibration of the mathematical relationships against published data. The results indicate that this behavior has a significant influence on structural response, highlighting the need for pertinent consideration of its effect in the relevant sections of the bridge codes.

On the Scope of Liability for Negligence in Maritime Search and Rescue under the Background of the Amendment to the Maritime Code

In the era of contract-based maritime rescue under the background of amendments to the Maritime Code, disputes arise regarding whether a rescuer who, due to negligence, causes harm to the assisted party should bear tort liability. When a rescuer negligently causes harm to the assisted party during maritime rescue operations, it constitutes concurrent liability for tort and breach of contract. The rescuer should bear the responsibility for compensating the damages. Specifically, in establishing liability, it is essential to adhere to the standards identical to those in the Tort Liability section of the Civil Code. However, in determining the scope of liability, the principle of full compensation should not be strictly applied and can be appropriately relaxed. First, after posing the question, this paper employs a legal normative analysis method to explore the applicable domestic and foreign laws as well as international treaties related to the issue. The current legal systems stance on the matter is derived from legal norms. Analyzing the rights and obligations relationship between the rescuer and the assisted party from the perspective of balancing interests aims to achieve a new balance of interests between the two parties. Secondly, by comparing the Maritime Code with the Civil Code, the specific differences between the Maritime Code and the Civil Code provisions are identified. Additionally, considering the inherent characteristics of the Maritime Code, an analysis is conducted to differentiate the establishment and scope of liability for negligence-induced maritime rescue. Thirdly, through comparative analysis, it is determined that the rescuer should bear liability for damages resulting from negligent infringement, but the scope of liability can be appropriately limited. Moreover, a comparison between the maritime rescue system and relevant systems is made to clarify the relationship between the maritime rescue system and other relevant systems, providing theoretical support for the amendment of the Maritime Code. Finally, solutions and recommendations are proposed for the issues raised in the context of amendments to the Maritime Code.

Intangible assets, corporate tax credits and pharmaceutical establishments

Starting in the 1970s, the US government offered tax credits to US corporations doing business in Puerto Rico under Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Section 936. Firms in the pharmaceutical industry accounted for 50% of tax credits and 20% of employment. The tax credit program was eliminated in 2006, creating a natural experiment on the impact of eliminating corporate tax credits on establishments with high levels of intangible assets such as pharmaceuticals and medical devices. We use panel data on establishments 1990–2017 and a difference in difference methodology to measure the impact of the elimination of the tax credit program. Probability of survival of all manufacturing establishments declined from 90% three years before the elimination of IRC Section 936 to close to 50% three years after. Survival rates of all manufacturing establishments declined during the phaseout and elimination of the tax credit program. Pharmaceutical and medical devices establishments experienced an additional 3.5 to 6.2% decline. Approximately two thirds of the 33% decline in pharmaceutical and medical devices establishments in Puerto Rico can be attributed to the elimination of the tax credit program.

Legal Frameworks Upholding Deceased Individuals' Rights and Enabling the Use of Cadavers in Anatomy Education and Research: A Systematic Review.

The study of human cadavers is essential for teaching, advanced training, and research in medical and anatomical sciences. Medical institutions around the globe presently face a scarcity of cadaver supplies. For the majority of countries, unclaimed bodies are still the primary source of cadavers despite guidelines issued by the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists, which discourage the use of unclaimed bodies.This self-funded study aims to conduct a review of the existing national and international laws safeguarding the several rights of a deceased person. The study also reviewed the existing anatomy acts (and related acts) across various countries that facilitate cadaver supply for anatomy education and research. According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, an online search for publications in four medical databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar) was conducted from 1950 till 2022. A research review protocol was registered in PROSPERO prospectively (registration ID: CRD42023469534)using the Mesh terms like cadaver, anatomy education, dead person and rights, body donation program, unclaimed bodies, and anatomy acts. After the application of the eligibility criteria, 149 publications were shortlisted. After reviewing all the shortlisted articles, laws, and guidelines, using the data extraction checklist prepared by both authors, five international laws, three supreme court case decisions, two high court case decisions, four Indian penal Code Sections, and 22 anatomy acts were selected. Articles from other medical databases could not be reviewed, which wasthe limitation of this study. The anatomy/human tissue/tissue transplantation acts and advisories from regulatory bodies of individual African, Middle-Eastern, and European countries could not be retrieved. The review findings will emphasize the distinctions between India's anatomy acts and those of other developed nations, thereby broadening our perspective as we propose a model anatomy act for uniform implementation across the country to streamline the procurement of cadavers.

Methods for analyzing the impact of software changes on objective functions and safety functions

Objectives. This paper examines the various approaches to analyzing the impact of software changes, and suggests a new method using function control flows. Impact analysis of software change can require the investment of a lot of time and competence on the part of the expert conducting it. There is no detailed description of methodology for analyzing the impact of changes and it is not established at a legislative level. The proposed method has three aims: reducing the level of requirements for an expert when conducting software research; localizing code areas to establish defects in information protection functions; and reducing the time spent on analyzing the impact of changes.Methods. The study analyzes the common methods for analyzing software changes with a description of their positive and negative sides. The possibility of analyzing changes in the control flow of software functions is considered as an alternative to line-by-line comparison of the full volume of source codes. Represented as tree-shaped graphs, the control flows of different versions of the same software are subject to a merging procedure. The final result is analyzed by an expert from the research organization.Results. The research results of the software change analysis methods are presented with a description of their disadvantages. A description is given of the method for change analysis using function control. This complements existing methods, while eliminating their disadvantages. The study also analyzes the possibility of using this method beyond the tasks defined in the introduction.Conclusions. The use of methods to localize the most vulnerable code sections is considered one of the most promising areas for analyzing change impact. In addition to searching for vulnerable code sections, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of the control flow comparison method in the analysis of source code when transferred to another code base.

Detecting AI-Generated Code Assignments Using Perplexity of Large Language Models

Large language models like ChatGPT can generate human-like code, posing challenges for programming education as students may be tempted to misuse them on assignments. However, there are currently no robust detectors designed specifically to identify AI-generated code. This is an issue that needs to be addressed to maintain academic integrity while allowing proper utilization of language models. Previous work has explored different approaches to detect AI-generated text, including watermarks, feature analysis, and fine-tuning language models. In this paper, we address the challenge of determining whether a student's code assignment was generated by a language model. First, our proposed method identifies AI-generated code by leveraging targeted masking perturbation paired with comperhesive scoring. Rather than applying a random mask, areas of the code with higher perplexity are more intensely masked. Second, we utilize a fine-tuned CodeBERT to fill in the masked portions, producing subtle modified samples. Then, we integrate the overall perplexity, variation of code line perplexity, and burstiness into a unified score. In this scoring scheme, a higher rank for the original code suggests it's more likely to be AI-generated. This approach stems from the observation that AI-generated codes typically have lower perplexity. Therefore, perturbations often exert minimal influence on them. Conversely, sections of human-composed codes that the model struggles to understand can see their perplexity reduced by such perturbations. Our method outperforms current open-source and commercial text detectors. Specifically, it improves detection of code submissions generated by OpenAI's text-davinci-003, raising average AUC from 0.56 (GPTZero baseline) to 0.87 for our detector.

ChatGPT-Generated Code Assignment Detection Using Perplexity of Large Language Models (Student Abstract)

In the era of large language models like Chatgpt, maintaining academic integrity in programming education has become challenging due to potential misuse. There's a pressing need for reliable detectors to identify Chatgpt-generated code. While previous studies have tackled model-generated text detection, identifying such code remains uncharted territory. In this paper, we introduce a novel method to discern Chatgpt-generated code. We employ targeted masking perturbation, emphasizing code sections with high perplexity. Fine-tuned CodeBERT is utilized to replace these masked sections, generating subtly perturbed samples. Our scoring system amalgamates overall perplexity, variations in code line perplexity, and burstiness. In this scoring scheme, a higher rank for the original code suggests it's more likely to be chatgpt-generated. The underlying principle is that code generated by models typically exhibits consistent, low perplexity and reduced burstiness, with its ranking remaining relatively stable even after subtle modifications. In contrast, human-written code, when perturbed, is more likely to produce samples that the model prefers. Our approach significantly outperforms current detectors, especially against OpenAI's text-davinci-003 model, with the average AUC rising from 0.56 (GPTZero baseline) to 0.87.

Abstract 4484: Discovery of a potential first-in-class Za targeted small molecule inhibitor of ADAR1 p150 which demonstrates strong anti-tumor efficacy

Abstract Background: Adenosine deaminase, RNA specific (ADAR1), catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine (A) to inosine (I) in double-stranded (ds) RNAs. ADAR1 has two isoforms: p110 in the nucleus and p150 in the cytoplasm. Both isoforms alter the coding and non-coding sections of self-dsRNA. The ADAR1 p150 isoform is expressed from an interferon (IFN)-response promoter and has a Z-DNA/Z-RNA binding domain at the N-terminus. ADAR1 has been implicated in promoting cell survival and resistance to immune response in several cancer types like multiple myeloma, breast, lung, liver, and skin cancer. Inhibition of ADAR1 p150 has the potential to enhance anti-tumor efficacy as monotherapy and in combination with other therapeutic modalities. The Zα domain of ADAR1 p150 provides exclusivity to p150 compared to the other isoforms. Herein, we outline the discovery of a potential first-in-class Zα targeted ADAR1 p150 inhibitor and degrader for cancer immunotherapy. Methods: AVA-ADR-001 was identified through a high throughput p110 knockout cell-based assay. The ability of AVA-ADR-001 to induce interferons was confirmed in various cell lines. The anti-tumor efficacy of AVA-ADR-001 was evaluated in B16F10 syngeneic melanoma mice model as monotherapy and in combination with anti-PD-1. PROTAC AVA-ADR-703 was used to demonstrate selective degradation of the ADAR1 p150 protein. Results: We have discovered AVA-ADR-001, a novel small molecule inhibitor of ADAR1 which significantly increases the IFN response in vitro in an MDA5-dependent manner. In vitro binding studies confirm that AVA-ADR-001 binds to the Zα domain of ADAR1 with low nM potency. AVA-ADR-001 demonstrates anti-tumor efficacy 1.5X superior to anti-PD1 ICB non-responsive tumor models. In addition, the AVA-ADR-001 monotherapy and combination groups showed a significant upregulation of numerous interferon-stimulated genes, including IFIH1, IFN-β, and CXCL-10. Finally, targeted protein degradation of ADAR1 p150 while sparing ADAR1 p110 was confirmed when cells were treated with AVA-ADR-703 with nM DC50, the PROTAC variant of AVA-ADR-001. Conclusions: To our knowledge, AVA-ADR-001 and AVA-ADR-703 are the first selective Zα-targeted small molecule inhibitor and degrader of ADAR1 p150 respectively to be disclosed. As a powerful and targeted first-in-class ADAR1 inhibitor, AVA-ADR-001 has demonstrated a strong induction of interferon (IFN) in a number of cancer cell lines and in vivo. AVA-ADR-001 has also demonstrated strong in vivo anti-tumor efficacy as monotherapy and in combination with anti-PD1. Furthermore, AVA-ADR-703 demonstrates selective and highly efficient degradation of ADAR1 p150 while sparing ADAR1 p110. Given that ADAR1 has a pro-metastatic and immune-suppressive role, AVA-ADR-001 and AVA-ADR-703 have significant potential to emerge as strong cancer immunotherapy candidates. Citation Format: Avijit Goswami, Sandeep Goyal, Kawaljit Singh, Princy Khurana, Barnali Deb, Aditya Kulkarni. Discovery of a potential first-in-class Za targeted small molecule inhibitor of ADAR1 p150 which demonstrates strong anti-tumor efficacy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4484.

PREFERENCE OF INVESTORS TOWARDS POST OFFICE SAVING SCHEMES

Background/Purpose:Post office saving schemes are backed by the government of the respective country, providing a high level of safety and security for investors funds.Some post office saving schemes may offer tax benefits, such as exemptions on the interest earned or deductions under specific sections of the tax code. Post office saving schemes, such as fixed deposits or recurring deposits, can be suitable for individuals with long-term savings goals, such as planning for education, marriage, or retirement.It is essential for investors to carefully evaluate their financial objectives and consider factors like inflation, liquidity needs, and overall portfolio diversification before choosing post office saving schemes as their primary investment avenue. Objective: To analyze the preference of investors towards different post office saving schemes. Design/Methodology/Approach: Primary data is collected through a structured questionnaire. The area of research is confined to Durg district only. Descriptive analysis has been done to analyze the research questions. Originality/Value: This paper outlines the perception of an individual towards the different saving schemes provided by the Post office. Findings/Results:An investment is a pledge of a persons current assets that allows him to receive future income through interest, dividends, rent, wages, pension benefits, or capital appreciation.

Vulnerable JavaScript functions detection using stacking of convolutional neural networks.

System security for web-based applications is paramount, and for the avoidance of possible cyberattacks it is important to detect vulnerable JavaScript functions. Developers and security analysts have long relied upon static analysis to investigate vulnerabilities and faults within programs. Static analysis tools are used for analyzing a program's source code and identifying sections of code that need to be further examined by a human analyst. This article suggests a new approach for identifying vulnerable code in JavaScript programs by using ensemble of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) models. These models use vulnerable information and code features to detect related vulnerable code. For identifying different vulnerabilities in JavaScript functions, an approach has been tested which involves the stacking of CNNs with misbalancing, random under sampler, and random over sampler. Our approach uses these CNNs to detect vulnerable code and improve upon current techniques' limitations. Previous research has introduced several approaches to identify vulnerable code in JavaScript programs, but often have their own limitations such as low accuracy rates and high false-positive or false-negative results. Our approach addresses this by using the power of convolutional neural networks and is proven to be highly effective in the detection of vulnerable functions that could be used by cybercriminals. The stacked CNN approach has an approximately 98% accuracy, proving its robustness and usability in real-world scenarios. To evaluate its efficacy, the proposed method is trained using publicly available JavaScript blocks, and the results are assessed using various performance metrics. The research offers a valuable insight into better ways to protect web-based applications and systems from potential threats, leading to a safer online environment for all.

Kelimpahan Foraminifera Bentonik Besar

The aim of this research is to determine the abundance of large benthic foraminifera in the study area. This research method is descriptive quantitative. There were 4 thin section samples used in this research, these samples came from cores at a depth of (36m – 39m). The results of the research showed that from the four incisions, 7 variations of large benthonic foraminifera genera were found, including, Spiroclypeus, Alveolina, Trillina hawchini, Cycloclypeus, Miogypsina, Heterostegina, and Assilina. Analysis of the abundance of large benthic foraminifera was carried out based on identification of the presence of foramnifera in each thin section sample. It is known that the thin section sample with the highest abundance of large benthonic foraminifera was in the code section sample (38m – 39m) with a total abundance of 9 individuals, consisting of 4 different genera of large benthonic foraminifera. In conclusion, the abundance of large benthic foraminifera tends to increase with increasing core depth. Keywords: Large Benthonic Foraminifera, Genus, Abundance, Rajamandala

Codeguard: Utilizing Advanced Pattern Recognition in Language Models for Software Vulnerability Analysis

Abstract Enhancing software quality and security hinges on the effective identification of vulnerabilities in source code. This paper presents a novel approach that combines pattern recognition training with cloze-style examination techniques in a semi-supervised learning framework. Our methodology involves training a language model using the SARD and Devign datasets, which contain numerous examples of vulnerable code. During training, specific code sections are deliberately obscured, challenging the model to predict the hidden tokens. Through rigorous empirical testing, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in accurately identifying code vulnerabilities. Our results highlight the significant advantages of employing pattern recognition training alongside cloze-style questioning, leading to improved accuracy in detecting vulnerabilities in source code.

A Comparative Legal Study: Euthanasia for Psychological Reasons

This research conducts a comprehensive examination of euthanasia within the legal frameworks of Indonesia and the Netherlands, aiming to elucidate the criminal liability associated with this act. Employing a normative legal research approach, the study analyzes written legal materials, including regulations, legislation, books, journals, and related legal sources, to facilitate a cross-jurisdictional comparison. The findings reveal distinctive legal perspectives in the two countries. In the Netherlands, euthanasia was initially deemed a criminal offense under penal code sections 293 and 294. However, the landscape evolved with the enactment of the Dutch Law on Termination of Life on Request and Assisted Suicide in 2001. This legislation, effective from April 1, 2002, decriminalized euthanasia under specific conditions. Conversely, in Indonesia, euthanasia, particularly active euthanasia, lacks explicit recognition in positive law. Despite the absence of clear regulations, it is generally treated as a form of murder due to its implication in ending a person's life. Examining criminal liability in Indonesia, the study identifies article 344 of the Criminal Code as the closest provision related to euthanasia. However, detailed regulations are lacking. Additionally, the medical code of ethics plays a role in shaping responsibility. Doctors violating article 7d of the medical code of ethics, which mandates the immediate protection of human life, particularly patients, may face consequences. In conclusion, this research underscores the contrasting legal stances on euthanasia in Indonesia and the Netherlands. While the Netherlands has embraced a legalized and regulated framework, Indonesia's legal landscape remains silent on the matter. The study also highlights the need for clearer legal provisions in Indonesia and emphasizes the role of medical ethics in shaping the responsibility associated with euthanasia.

Окремі новели сучасного законодавства про кримінальну відповідальність

In the proposed article, the need for a timely reaction of the legislator to the risks that arose in connection with the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine is ascertained. It was determined that the main changes were made to the sections of the current Criminal Code, the content of which is related to the need to protect the most important social relations. It is noted that with the introduction to the structure of the current Criminal Code of Ukraine, Art. 436-2, “Justification, recognition as legitimate, denial of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, glorification of its participants” appeared several new, so far unknown to the Ukrainian legislation on criminal liability concepts, such as: “recognition as legitimate”, “denial of armed aggression”, ” glorification of participants”. It was determined that the specified concepts are actions of an informational nature. It is emphasized that actions of an informative nature should be carried out publicly, that is, designed to convey information to at least several other people. It was established that Article 436-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, “Justification, recognition as legitimate, denial of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, glorification of its participants,” does not include the method of committing it “publicly” as a sign of the objective side of the composition of the criminal offense. Based on the research of modern scientific literature, it was determined that the concept of “publicity” has a sign of transversality and is found in many other criminal law norms when characterizing informational actions. The need to improve the provisions of Art. 436-2 of the current Ukrainian Criminal Code. The application of the concepts of “recognition as legitimate”, “denial of armed aggression,” and “glorification of participants” without presenting them with publicity requirements lose their meaning and significantly reduce public danger. Keywords: armed aggression, justification, recognition as legitimate, denial of armed aggression, glorification of its participants, comprehensive concept, publicity.

Ethical aspects of educational activity in the digital environment: future teachers’ views

The era of digital transformation makes it necessary for pedagogical staff to deal with participants in the educational process in the digital environment, which leads to the creation of new situations of interaction and raises questions of its organizing in the educational process. The authors note that currently there is no common generally accepted list of standards for professional teachers in the digital environment. The aim of the study is to determine the provisions of the Code of Professional Teaching Workers in the Digital Environment based on an analysis of the views of future teachers. As research methods, the authors used formal logic, inductive and deductive analysis, study and generalization of the experience of future generations as part of the analysis of the products of their pedagogical activities (case technology), as well as questionnaires and pedagogical observation. Data for analysis were obtained within the framework of the All-Russian Student Olympiad in Pedagogy “FORSIGHT PEDAGOGY”. The result of the study is the identification of three sections of the Code of Ethics for Professional Workers in the Digital Environment. The first section of the Code is devoted to the standards of self-presentation of pedagogical products in the digital environment, the second section is devoted to tasks related to the standards for the development and implementation of electronic educational resources, the third section concerns the standards for organizing interaction in the digital environment. These sections are structured in a traditional way, reflecting professional and universal values: the image of a teacher, communication, information, freedom, corporate culture. The appendix provides explanations to the paragraph of the Code section. The research also presents the principles of work organization in the digital environment: fairness; transparency; honesty; security and privacy. The material presented in this paper is useful for the teaching process in pedagogical universities, as well as for current teaching staff and future teachers for monitoring and managing their work in the digital environment.

Method and Algorithm for Processing Large Volume Images

The article proposes a new method and an algorithm based on it for processing large-volume images. What is new in the implementation of image processing is the method of implementing program code using the App object. The novelty of the proposed method also lies in the algorithm for the specific implementation of filters for processing graphic elements. During development, various problematic situations were taken into account, such as using modern variable declaration syntax, using arrow functions, dividing code into smaller functions or class methods, adding comments to complex sections of code, checking for errors and exceptions, and following standards and guidelines by coding style. The implemented algorithm in the JavaScript programming language is an effective web application that uses the EaselJS library to work with graphics and has specific logic for working with graphic layers, drawing tools and user interaction, which ultimately made it possible to improve code performance compared to known solutions.

Evaluating the Usability and Functionality of Intelligent Source Code Completion Assistants: A Comprehensive Review

As artificial intelligence advances, source code completion assistants are becoming more advanced and powerful. Existing traditional assistants are no longer up to all the developers’ challenges. Traditional assistants usually present proposals in alphabetically sorted lists, which does not make a developer’s tasks any easier (i.e., they still have to search and filter an appropriate proposal manually). As a possible solution to the presented issue, intelligent assistants that can classify suggestions according to relevance in particular contexts have emerged. Artificial intelligence methods have proven to be successful in solving such problems. Advanced intelligent assistants not only take into account the context of a particular source code but also, more importantly, examine other available projects in detail to extract possible patterns related to particular source code intentions. This is how intelligent assistants try to provide developers with relevant suggestions. By conducting a systematic literature review, we examined the current intelligent assistant landscape. Based on our review, we tested four intelligent assistants and compared them according to their functionality. GitHub Copilot, which stood out, allows suggestions in the form of complete source code sections. One would expect that intelligent assistants, with their outstanding functionalities, would be one of the most popular helpers in a developer’s toolbox. However, through a survey we conducted among practitioners, the results, surprisingly, contradicted this idea. Although intelligent assistants promise high usability, our questionnaires indicate that usability improvements are still needed. However, our research data show that experienced developers value intelligent assistants highly, highlighting their significant utility for the experienced developers group when compared to less experienced individuals. The unexpectedly low net promoter score (NPS) for intelligent code assistants in our study was quite surprising, highlighting a stark contrast between the anticipated impact of these advanced tools and their actual reception among developers.