Code Acquisition Research Articles

Design and Implementation of Code Acquisition Using Sparse Fourier Transform

Design and Implementation of Code Acquisition Using Sparse Fourier Transform

Arkitekt: streaming analysis and real-time workflows for microscopy.

Quantitative microscopy workflows have evolved dramatically over the past years, progressively becoming more complex with the emergence of deep learning. Long-standing challenges such as three-dimensional segmentation of complex microscopy data can finally be addressed, and new imaging modalities are breaking records in both resolution and acquisition speed, generating gigabytes if not terabytes of data per day. With this shift in bioimage workflows comes an increasing need for efficient orchestration and data management, necessitating multitool interoperability and the ability to span dedicated computing resources. However, existing solutions are still limited in their flexibility and scalability and are usually restricted to offline analysis. Here we introduce Arkitekt, an open-source middleman between users and bioimage apps that enables complex quantitative microscopy workflows in real time. It allows the orchestration of popular bioimage software locally or remotely in a reliable and efficient manner. It includes visualization and analysis modules, but also mechanisms to execute source code and pilot acquisition software, making 'smart microscopy' a reality.

Deep Learning for Clustering Single-cell RNA-seq Data

Abstract: The development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology provides an excellent opportunity to explore cell heterogeneity and diversity. With the growing application of scRNA-seq data, many computational clustering methods have been developed to further uncover cell subgroups, and cell dynamics at the group level. Due to the characteristics of high dimension, high sparsity and high noise of the scRNA-seq data, it is challenging to use traditional clustering methods. Fortunately, deep learning technologies characterize the properties of scRNA-seq data well and provide a new perspective for data analysis. This work reviews the most popular computational clustering methods and tools based on deep learning technologies, involving comparison, data collection, code acquisition, results evaluation, and so on. In general, such a presentation points out some progress and limitations of the existing methods and discusses the challenges and directions for further research, which may give new insight to address a broader range of new challenges in dealing with single-cell sequencing data and downstream analysis.

Popularity and effectiveness of modern ways of memorizing Chinese characters.

Due to the high and steady popularity of Chinese, a sufficient number of new techniques for studying Chinese characters are being developed today, many of which often represent updated versions of classical methods. We attempt to evaluate the ways of memorizing Chinese characters, to identify the difficulties faced by students. The article studies methods and techniques of memorizing Chinese characters used by students at a language university. We conducted a survey which revealed the techniques and methods of memorization that are used most frequently. When identifying the individual effectiveness of the use of techniques and methods by students, a discrepancy was found and analyzed between the use of certain methods and the assessment of students’ personal effectiveness. The authors also investigate the possibility of using a linguacultural approach to teaching Chinese hieroglyphic writing and predict the success of its application for the full assimilation of Chinese hieroglyphic writing and the acquisition of the cultural code of the country through hieroglyphs

Software-Defined Radio Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Frequency-Modulated Antipodal Chaos Shift Keying Communication System

This paper is devoted to software-defined radio (SDR) implementation of frequency modulated antipodal chaos shift keying (FM-ACSK) transceiver and presents results of prototype testing in real conditions. This novel and perspective class of spread-spectrum communication systems employs chaotic synchronization for the acquisition and tracking of the analog chaotic spreading code and does not need resource-demanding cross-correlation. The main motivation of the given work is to assess the performance of FM-ACSK in real conditions and demonstrate that chaotic synchronization can be considered an efficient spread-spectrum demodulation method. The work focuses on the real-time implementation aspects of the modulation-demodulation algorithms, forward error correction (FEC) and symbol timing synchronization approach in MATLAB Simulink. The performance of the presented prototype is assessed via extensive testing, which includes measurement of bit error ratio (BER) in single-user and multi-user scenarios, estimation of carrier frequency offset (CFO) impact and image transmission over-the-air between two independent sites and comparison with classical frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS). The paper shows that the presented class of the spread spectrum communication systems demonstrates good performance in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions and in terms of BER significantly outperforms the classic spread-spectrum modulation schemes which employ correlation-based detection.

BPSK/BOC Modulation Signal System for GPS Satellite Navigation Signals

With the continuous research and development of the global positioning system in various countries, the requirements for the accuracy and efficiency of GPS signals are getting higher and higher. To improve the performance of GPS signal modulation, this research focuses on the BPSK modulation signal and the BOC modulation signal and introduces the basic principles and practical uses of the two modulation signals. Based on the disadvantage of weak anti-noise of BPSK modulated signal and high ambiguity of BOC modulated signal, two algorithms of signal-to-noise ratio estimation and parallel phase code acquisition are introduced in this paper. By introducing the principles and functions of the two algorithms, the improvement of the optimization algorithm for the two modulated signals is expounded. This paper introduces the working principle of the GPS signal, shows the advantages and future development prospects of the BPSK modulation signal and the BOC signal based on the GPS modulation signal, and compares the two modulation signals with the optimization algorithm. The BOC modulated signal shows superior performance. Combined with the optimization algorithm, high-precision transmission signals can be achieved, but the requirements for the receiver are high. The BPSK modulation signal combined with the optimization algorithm can meet most of the needs in life. Still, it is slightly worse than the BOC modulation signal in the face of high-precision and high-demand signal transmission.

Before Learning the Code: A Commentary on Sargiani, Ehri, and Maluf (RRQ, 2022)

AbstractIn this commentary, we argue the importance of the period before learning the alphabetic code and develop a new theoretical framework for the cognitive processes involved at the very beginning of learning to read. According to our theory, prereaders begin to learn to read by associating letter clusters with concrete phonological units such as syllables, a process we refer to as “building the syllabic bridge” (Doignon‐Camus & Zagar, 2014). This procedure may trigger statistical learning to extract regularities of grapheme–phoneme correspondences. We assume that statistical learning facilitates access to phonemic awareness and then the acquisition of the alphabetic code. Our arguments are partly based on the comparison between the studies conducted by Vazeux et al. (2020) and Sargiani et al. (2022), whose results might have seemed contradictory at first sight. Finally, we suggest pedagogical implications and some perspectives for future research.

PN Code Acquisition in DS-CDMA Wireless Systems Using Smart Antenna and S-CFAR Processor

Code division multiple access (CDMA) is a class of techniques allowing multiple users to transmit simultaneously to meet the demand of the recently unprecedented revolution in wireless services. In CDMA systems, a unique pseudo-random (PN) code is assigned to each user to spread the signal at the transmitter side and facilitate signal’s recovery at the receiver side. In particular, a CDMA receiver initially seeks synchronization or acquisition of PN code. This paper focuses on the development and analysis of a new adaptive serial search acquisition method for direct sequence (DS)-CDMA systems in Rayleigh slowly fading channels. The proposed method makes use of smart antenna and switched constant false alarm (S-CFAR) processor for PN code acquisition. The smart antenna and S-CFAR processor are employed to improve the PN acquisition performance by adjusting a decision threshold according to the environment. The performance of proposed acquisition system has been evaluated in terms of probability of false alarm, probability of detection, and mean acquisition time. Closed form expressions for the probability of false alarm and probability of detection have been derived. Further, numerical and simulation results have been presented to show the performance of proposed PN acquisition system in comparison with other existing CFAR-based PN acquisition schemes.

Catalyzing random access at physical layer for Internet of Things: An intelligence enabled user signature code acquisition approach

Exploiting random access for the underlying connectivity provisioning has great potential to incorporate massive machine-type communication (MTC) devices in an Internet of Things (IoT) network. However, massive access attempts from versatile MTC devices may bring congestion to the IIoT network, thereby hindering service increasing of IIoT applications. In this paper, an intelligence enabled physical (PHY-)layer user signature code acquisition (USCA) algorithm is proposed to overcome the random access congestion problem with reduced signaling and control overhead. In the proposed scheme, the detector aims at approximating the optimal observation on both active user detection and user data reception by iteratively learning and predicting the convergence of the user signature codes that are in active. The cross-entropy based low-complexity iterative updating rule is present to guarantee that the proposed USCA algorithm is computational feasible. A closed-form bit error rate (BER) performance analysis is carried out to show the efficiency of the proposed intelligence USCA algorithm. Simulation results confirm that the proposed USCA algorithm provides an inherent tradeoff between performance and complexity and allows the detector achieves an approximate optimal performance with a reasonable computational complexity.

A novel secondary code acquisition algorithm for the BDS‐3 B1C signal

A novel secondary code acquisition algorithm for the BDS‐3 B1C signal

A Rapid PN Code Acquisition Method for Low Spreading Factor Satellite Communication Systems

A novel rapid code acquisition scheme is proposed for low spreading factor satellite communication systems relying on message passing algorithms (MPA), where the acquisition of pseudonoise (PN) codes is converted to a sequence estimation problem. Due to the presence of data transitions in low spreading factor systems, conventional acquisition methods based on correlation would show poor capture performance. To overcome the impact of data transitions, this letter proposes a joint data chip and PN sequence estimation technique with the aid of factor graph and belief propagation (BP) algorithm. Meanwhile, in view of the short-term invariance of data chips, this letter models data chips as Markov chains to improve prior knowledge. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can save the mean acquisition time (MAT) about three orders of magnitude and improve the acquisition performance by 2 dB at 99% detection probability compared with serial search.

USAGE OF PASTICHE GENRE IN INTERTEXTUAL PRACTICE OF ADVERTISING MEDIA DISCOURSE

Foreign language learning presupposes the acquisition of language code but it is also an entrance to a new communicative community which is culturally defined by its verbal genre. Access to knowledge is an admission to scientific communities which have their own discursive forms for presentation, discussion and allocation of knowledge. The educational activity is responsible for learners’ perception of “discursive fusion” which is a process of education. Contemporary higher school learners ought to master discursive forms which are not a part of their immediate communicate experience. The study of relationships between literature and advertising presumes deep understanding of their location in a cultural practice. Contemporary advertising genre widely uses scriptural matrixes of completely different discursive genres. Particular preference is given to pastiche and parody. In considering the phenomenon of modern rewriting one should not claim the decision of a difficult problem of pastiche definition. It is more necessary to emphasize valorization of such processes as imitation and transposition assuming the relation of traditions to new conceptions in French context. Pastiche should be considered as a practice which allows inquiring genre borders. This practice takes the form of a game intended to participation of an advertising message receiver. Beginning from the point of emergence pastiche became a part of social and institutional universe, the same piece of work and any other. In contemporary advertising the usage of pastiche is allowed in the name of free expression on condition that the risk of the fusion with hypotext is absent as well as an imitator has a humorous plan excluding either intention or possibility to harm anybody. The article concerns the demonstration of didactical usage efficiency of secondary literary genre, pastiche, in an intertextual practice of advertising media discourse. The emergence of this form of imitation in the course of the French language learning as a foreign one is an original means of a traditional pedagogical practice renovation of text imitation and, at the same time, the increase of learner’s motivation with the help of amusing live contact with various discursive genres.

Joint Acquisition Estimator of Modern GNSS Tiered Signals Using Block Pre-Correlation Processing of Secondary Code.

Objective is a joint primary and secondary code (SC) acquisition estimator of tiered Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals. The estimator is based on the Parallel Code Search algorithm (PCS) combined with the Single-Block-Zero-Padding (SBZP) and the Pre-correlation Coherent Accumulation (PCA). The PCA realizes the extension of the coherent integration time in front of the PCS. However, the PCS with the SBZP and the PCA is affected by a navigation/SC bit transition problem due to its cyclic property of a computed Cross-Ambiguity Function (CAF). This CAF is degraded by diverse parasitic fragments and is not directly applicable for an acquisition. A novel analysis of this mechanism and its impact is presented. Then, the proposed modified SBZP (mSBZP) modified PCA (mPCA) PCS estimator is constructed, which does not degrade the CAF. The mSBZP allows the use of the PCS algorithm in the presence of SC bit transition, while the mPCA decreases the number of PCS algorithm calculations by a factor of SC chip count due to SC pre-correlation processing. The algorithm has the same detection performance in comparison with conventional Double-Block-Zero-Padding (DBZP). However, it allows using the PCS of half-length with longer latency up to a factor of SC chip count.

Non-verbal communication in the teaching of Polish as a foreign language using the example of Asian groups. The difficulties, challenges and solutions

There exists a major gap in the teaching of Polish as a foreign language. It applies to the teaching of extra-verbal communication. It would seem that the acquisition of the extra-verbal code of Polish can occur in students in parallel with the development of their linguistic competence, however, the level of interference between the non-verbal code taken from the country of origin and the code typical for the country of the target language is so high that it distorts communication. That is also just as often the cause of teacher errors caused by a teacher’s lack of awareness that this aspect of communication should also be taught in class. Therefore, this article is intended to indicate those areas to which a teacher should pay particular attention in the teaching process in order to limit as much as possible any communicative problems experienced by students from various cultures.

Serial search code acquisition of FHSS system

Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) communication systems offer significant performance advantages in view of their low probability of intercept, improved performance in multipath fading environments and their ability to avoid interference by hopping into low interference frequency channels. For the transmitted sequence to be correctly received and demodulated, the frequency hop sequence used at the receiver should be similar to that employed in the transmitter. Code acquisition in frequency hopping attempts to address this problem by providing a frequency hop pattern at the receiver that is nearly identical to that used at the transmitter. Code acquisition brings the alignment between the transmitter and the receiver hop pattern to at least one hop period. In this paper, the serial search code acquisition, which is the first step of synchronization, is studied for frequency hopping spread spectrum (HFSS) system over Rayleigh fading channel. Simulation results show the effect of fading channel on the code acquisition.

Internet of Things based acquisition system of industrial intelligent bar code for smart city applications

In order to improve the acquisition efficiency of bar code acquisition technology and the management efficiency of enterprises in the Internet of things, and bring more benefits to related enterprises, the barcode technology of perception layer in the Internet of things was added into the enterprise resource planning system, thus getting an effective and convenient barcode acquisition system. The research results show that the circuit board of the automatic barcode acquisition system studied here is based on the built-in barcode program and joined the enterprise resource planning system. It realizes the connection and integration of the two, which can not only run independently, but also simultaneously, to a large extent, playing its role. It can be seen that the integration of the barcode technology of the perception layer in Internet of things and the enterprise resource planning system can obtain a new industrial automatic barcode acquisition system. It can not only meet the requirements of barcode acquisition, but also improve the efficiency of barcode acquisition, which can be used for reference for manufacturing enterprises in terms of projects that produce according to the order.

Code Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge Management Trajectory Framework

Knowledge and its related techniques cater the need of many tools and frameworks for software development, testing and management. Accurate usage of code according to the software requirement is prevalent in this regard, as inappropriate development of code with conceptual misunderstanding might lead to waste of time and effort. This paper describes a new approach to automate code acquisition task. This gives the advantage of using the coding knowledge that is already encoded which in turn reduces developer s task and their knowledge and effort could be utilized for further enhancement of their work. Using the existing coding knowledge eradicate the errors which are introduced at the time of naïve development activity. Furthermore, this technique can be utilized by software development applications. In this paper, a new knowledge execution technique to acquire code knowledge from software application is implemented. Code extraction gathers code segments from projects organize and logs it for future use. Here, Source Code Extraction algorithm is described that captures code.

Teaching Digital, Block-Based Coding of Robots to High School Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Challenging Behavior

The use of robots to teach students with autism spectrum disorder communication skills has basis in the literature; however, research investigating the effects of teaching coding or programming of robotics to promote learning in STEM to this population has not yet been conducted. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of teaching one code explicitly, using model-lead-test on the following dependent variables: (a) acquisition of the explicitly-taught code (i.e., robotic movement); (b) generalization of the explicitly-taught code to other novel codes (i.e., robotic sounds, light effects, complex movements), and (c) self-generated novel sets of codes. Results of the multiple probe across participants design demonstrate that all three students with ASD and challenging behaviors were able to acquire the initial code, generalize the initial code to novel codes, and self-generate (i.e., create, test, and evaluate) their own coding. Implications for practitioners, study limitations, and recommendations for future research are discussed.

Efficient technique for DLL S ‐curve side zero‐crossings cancellation in global positioning system/Galileo receiver

In this study, the authors propose a new method that eliminates ambiguity in global navigation satellite system (GNSS) code acquisition and tracking significantly. It is based on the use of a specified locally generated (SLG) pseudo-random noise code that can be correlated with any received binary offset carrier sine- or cosine-modulated signal. As a result, the correlation function (CF) together with its discriminator function (DF) at the delay locked loop (DLL) output, determined within a tracking region of (−1, 1) chips, are unambiguous and narrow, providing thus better positioning accuracy. On the other hand, the SLG-based methods CF and DF are such as those of high-resolution correlator and Strobe correlator, initially proposed for multipath mitigation in classical binary phase shift keying-modulated code. In addition, their proposed SLG-based scheme is valid for any value of the early–late chip spacing in the DLL-DF. The computer simulation results show that the proposed scheme is unambiguous for DLL code-tracking operation and has superior performance in the estimation of the delay of line of sight signal in GNSS applications.

Design of Code Acquisition Method of FHSS System

Abstract Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) communication systems offer significant performance advantages in view of their low probability of intercept, improved performance in multipath fading environments and their ability to avoid interference by hopping into low interference frequency channels. For the transmitted sequence to be correctly received and demodulated, the frequency hop sequence used at the receiver should be similar to that employed in the transmitter. Code acquisition infrequency hopping attempts to address this problem by providing a frequency hop pattern at the receiver that is nearly identical to that used at the transmitter. Code acquisition brings the alignment between the transmitter and the receiver hop pattern to at least one hop period. The main objective of this paper is to design and demonstrate a FHSS code acquisition method. The type of channel used is Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN).