Coconut Coir Waste Research Articles

The Effect of Adding Coconut Coir Fiber on Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, and Concrete Flexural Strength in Eco-Friendly Tetrapod Planning in Coastal Areas of IKN Supporting Cities

Beaches often experience erosion or abrasion problems caused by various factors, such as climate change which triggers rising sea levels, high waves, human activities such as beach reclamation, and infrastructure construction that is not environmentally friendly, triggering erosion on the coast. In the coastal area of the city that supports IKN, which is located in the Balikpapan area, Manggar Beach, also experiences abrasion which causes land to narrow in that area. The abrasion that occurs erodes the coastal area around 7-8 meters every year. To produce environmentally friendly infrastructure, this research carried out the addition of coconut fiber waste components to tetrapod concrete used for breakwater construction. In this research, variations in the addition of coir used were 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. The aim was to find out how much influence the addition of coconut coir waste to the concrete mixture had on the compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength of the concrete in tetrapods. and produce concrete that uses coconut fiber waste as an alternative material for tetrapod concrete as breakwater armor. Based on the analysis results, the quality of the concrete was 23 Mpa. This value was determined based on wave generation analysis. In addition, it is known that variations in coconut fiber affect the slump, compressive strength, flexural and split tensile test values of concrete. Based on the slump test results, it was found that the greater the variation of coconut fiber in the concrete, the lower the resulting slump test value. In testing the compressive, flexural and split tensile strength, it was found that the optimal composition for adding coconut fiber was 3%, in this composition the amount of coconut fiber fiber was able to improve the mechanical properties of tetrapod concrete compared to other compositions.

Design and Construction of 15 Kg/Hour Capacity Cocopeat and Cocofiber Machines

Indonesia is one of the largest coconut producers, which in turn produces a lot of waste, especially coconut coir waste which can cause flooding if carelessly dumped in the river or carried by flood currents. Coconut coir waste that is no longer used can be reprocessed into a variety of finished and semi-finished products that have a high selling value. These products include coir fiber (Cocofibre), coir powder (Cocopeat), solid coir powder (Cocopeatbrick) cocomesh, cocopot, cocosheet, coco fiber board (CFB) and cococoir. This research aims to plan and design a machine that can process cocofiber into raw materials for its derivative products like making handicrafts such as doormats, etc. In planning and designing this machine, solidwork software and the calculation analysis method of the Sularso Machine Elements book guide were implemented. This machine is equipped with a sieve as an automatic separator between cocopeat and cocofibre in the form of a hexagonal cylinder. The machine produces cocopeat at 15 kg/hour and cocofiber at 5 kg/hour which is more time efficient and more effective compared to the traditional method or the existing similar machine. This study will be beneficial for small and middle-class industries.

Implementasi Teknologi Pengolah Limbah Sabut Kelapa Menjadi Cocofiber dan Cocopeat di Desa Lenteng Timur, Sumenep

Coconut is one of the leading commodities of plantation crops for the community in East Lenteng Village, Sumenep Regency, East Java. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency, the area of ​​coconut plantations in Lenteng District reaches 3114 ha. Generally, the use of coconut plants by the local community only extracts coconut water and flesh, resulting in waste in the form of coconut coir in the amount of 910 tons. Therefore, finding innovative and effective solutions to process the coconut coir waste into superior products with benefits and economic value. This community service activity aims to process coconut coir waste into derivative products in the form of cocofiber and cocopeat. Later, cocofiber and cocopeat are used as basic materials for filling mattresses, pillows, and planting media that can provide added value. The implementation method consisted of direct field observations, formulation of problems and solutions, data collection of coco fiber samples, processing of coconut coir waste, application of science and technology, and evaluation. Based on the results of performed activities, the residents of East Lenteng Village can discover the process of processing coconut coir waste into cocofiber and cocopeat. In addition, the residents of East Lenteng Village also gain knowledge regarding using more practical and efficient processing machines of coconut coir waste. Based on the test results of the processing machine of coconut coir waste, the measured capacity of cocopeat production reaches 3 kg/hour while cocofiber reaches 1 kg/hour.

Utilization of coconut coir waste products: environmental and economic education efforts for Kertaharja Villagers

Kertaharja is the largest coconut producing village in Cimerak District, Pangandaran. 35% of the weight of coconuts will be waste in the form of coconut coir. Unfortunately, Kertaharja residents do not know about this waste product that has economic value and can become an environmentally friendly growing medium. Therefore, this Community Service activity is aimed at educating the environment and the family economy with the respective targets being children of SDN 2 Kertaharja and residents of Kertaharja Village. The environmental education method uses pre-test and post-test with cocopeat material as an environmentally friendly growing medium, while economic education uses the economic opportunity seminar method from coconut coir waste. The results of the activity show that environmental education has increased students' understanding of SDN 2 Kertaharja on cocopeat growing media. Meanwhile, economic education has increased the interest of Kertaharja residents to utilize coconut coir waste as an opportunity for additional family income.

Valorization of lignin for the production of vanillin by Bacillus aryabhattai NCIM 5503

Coconut coir waste is a rich lignocellulosic biomass. The coconut coir waste generated from temples is resistant to natural degradation, and its accumulation causes environmental pollution. Ferulic acid, a vanillin precursor, was extracted from the coconut coir waste by hydro-distillation extraction. The extracted ferulic acid was used for vanillin synthesis by Bacillus aryabhattai NCIM 5503 under submerged fermentation. In the present study, the Taguchi DOE (design of experiment) software was used to optimize the fermentation process, which resulted in a 1.3 fold increase in vanillin yield (640.96 ± 0.02 mg/L), as compared to the unoptimized yield of 495.96 ± 0.01 mg/L. The optimized media for enhanced vanillin production comprised; fructose 0.75 % (w/v), beef extract 1 % (w/v), pH 9, temperature 30℃, agitation speed 100 rpm, trace metal solution 1 % (v/v), and ferulic acid 2 % (v/v). The results show that the commercial production of vanillin can be envisioned using coconut coir waste.

Briket Sabut Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif Berbasis Sumber Daya Alam Lokal/Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Coir Briquettes as an Alternative Fuel Based on Local Natural Resources

One of the practical and efficient products of biomass processing is briquettes. Briquettes are densified products in the form of cubic, prism, or cylindrical shapes. One of the biomass produced from abundant agricultural waste in Riau Province is coconut coir. This is because Riau Province is one of the largest coconut-producing regions in Indonesia. The utilization of coconut coir waste is currently still limited to crafts, fuel, and planting media. This study aims to produce briquettes from a waste of old coconut coir and young coconut coir with the stages of the research process including cleaning, drying, grinding, adding adhesive, and densification. The resulting briquettes were then subjected to laboratory tests to determine the physical characteristics of the briquettes based on SNI No. 1/6235/2000 and structural characteristics using SEM and TG/DTG. The results showed that laboratory tests for old coconut coir briquettes and young coconut coir based on water content were 28.11% and 29.72%; based on ash content are 1.59% and 2.21%; based on the carbon content are 25.10% and 24.94%, and the heating value is 3019.54 cal/g and 3137.03 cal/g. For SEM analysis, the surface morphology of the briquettes looked smooth and there was no fragmentation indicating that the biomass was perfectly bonded with the binder used. Meanwhile, in the TG/DTG analysis, the results showed that there had been a mass decrease of around 90% for old coconut coir briquettes and 78% for young coconut coir briquettes at a temperature of around 450oC

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI PEREKAT AMILUM TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET BIOARANG BERASAL DARI HASIL PIROLISIS LIMBAH PADAT INDUSTRI KELAPA

This research is the manufacture of bio-charcoal briquettes derived from the results of pyrolysis of coconut industrial solid waste as well as an analysis of the effect of adhesive concentration on the research results of bio-charcoal briquettes. The purpose of this study was to determine the process of making bio-charcoal briquettes, the quality of the bio-charcoal briquettes and to determine the effect of the adhesive concentration used on the bio-charcoal briquettes as a result of the research. Research has been carried out on processing coconut shell and coconut coir waste with starch adhesive materials using the mixing and printing method with PVC pipes and drying in an oven with a temperature of 90–100 ºC ± 3 hours. Furthermore, the bio-charcoal briquettes were characterized based on the provisions of SNI No.01/6235/2000 which included moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content, bound carbon content, density, specific gravity, burning rate, compressive strength, calorific value with optimum values respectively 11 .46%, 3.81%, 17.60%, 77.26%, 1.2 gr/cm 3 , 1.2× 10 -6 Kg/m 2 .s 2 , 0.108 g/min, 80.680 % , 6,200 cal/g. Bio-charcoal briquettes were also tested for DTA and TGA for bio-charcoal briquettes using adhesive and without adhesive with successive values of -223.20 cal/g, -22.615%, -206.20 cal/g and -29.075%. The best quality bio-charcoal briquettes are found in briquettes with a mixture of 90% charcoal and 10% starch adhesive.

Utilization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) from Coconut Coir Waste (Cocos nucifera) as a Stabilizer in Red Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) Vegetable Milk

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) synthesis from coconut coir waste provides an alternative that can be used as a stabilizer to manufacture red bean milk. The first step is to isolate alpha-cellulose with a 2% NaOH solution. Second, the etherification process is alkalization with isopropanol and 17.5% NaOH solution to produce alkaline cellulose, and then the carboxymethylation process with sodium monochloride acetate (NaMCA) and characterized by FT-IR. The resulting carboxymethyl cellulose is purified by centrifugation. Red bean milk was analyzed using proximate analysis, viscosity, percent stability, pH, and organoleptic content by varying CMC 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5%. The alpha cellulose obtained was 13.37%, and the CMC produced from the etherification and purification process was 5.97 g. The characterization of alpha-cellulose showed (OH) at wave number 3441cm-1, and the CMC characterization showed carbonyl (COO-) at wave number 1604.77 cm-1 and group ether (CH2-O-CH2) at wave number 1419.77. Proximate analysis of red bean milk protein content of 2.75%, carbohydrates 10.27%, fiber 8.5%, and fat 18.57% and results based on viscosity and percent stability were obtained by adding 0.5% CMC and organoleptic test results adding CMC preferably with 0.3%, the texture is not too thick and even, and the aroma of red beans is typical.

EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ARRANGEMENT ON INCREASING HALAL TOURISM VISITORS

A healthy environment is an environment that has clean air, water and soil conditions and is free from pollution, and the area owned supports the creation of a healthy community. Automatically the environment will be protected from things that cause health problems, such as liquid, solid and gas waste. Also, avoid animals carrying disease germs, harmful chemicals, excessive noise pollution and other negative things. Conceptually, what can overcome environmental crises is to make eforts to preserve the environment by reforestation. The word preservation comes from "sustainable", which means to remain as it was before, not change, and last forever. At the same time, preservation means the process, method, act of preserving, protection from destruction and damage, preservation, conservation, and management of natural resources, which guarantees their wise use and the continuity of their supply while maintaining and increasing the quality, value and diversity. Environmental preservation is an effort to deal with problems that arise in an area. Therefore the 108 Thematic KKN Group 11 held environmental preservation, which applied the concept of greening by utilizing existing land around Halal Tourism belonging to the Islamic Boarding School, which is located on Jalan Wonosari KM 25 Dusun Joban, Beji Village, Patuk District, Special Region of Yogyakarta. This activity is a form of the community service program. The greening concept is carried out by planting several types of tree seeds by utilizing the land around the area. This greening activity is expected to raise a sense of community concern to always care for and care for the surrounding environment, in addition to providing skills and knowledge about making kokedama from coconut coir waste as a growing medium for ornamental plants.

Sosialisasi Peningkatan Pemahaman Mahasiswa KKL Prodi Pendidikan Geografi, STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat dalam Memanfaatkan Sabut Kelapa menjadi Keset

The purpose service is carried out to utilize coconut belt waste so that it can beutilized andeven have economic value. This activity is asocialization involving students from the Geography Education Study Program and the community in Nagari Sungai Sariak, to be able to utilize coconut coir waste. There sult sof community service regarding the socialization of theuse of coconut coir waste to improve the welfare of Nagari Sungai Sariak are in the for mofdoormats. Doormat products can beused for house hold needs and even sold to increase the welfare of the community.

High Graphitic Carbon Derived from Coconut Coir Waste by Promoting Potassium Hydroxide in the Catalytic Graphitization Process for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

Graphite is a critical material for lithium-ion battery (LIB) anodes. However, its fabrication using a simple route and sustainable carbon sources still remains a great challenge. In this current work, we fabricate high graphitic carbon from coconut coir waste by combining potassium hydroxide (KOH) and a Ni-based catalyst in a one-pot graphitization process. The graphitic carbon (1200-ANi-KOH) shows good electrochemistry performance as the anode of LIB with a specific capacity of 397.60 mA h/g, exceeding commercial graphite (339.90 mA h/g) and a high graphitic degree of IG/ID (1.99) with a surface area of 162.31 m2/g. The synergistic effect of K and Ni metal interaction with amorphous carbon promotes internal heating and catalytic graphitization, resulting in an ordered carbon structure and a greater area of graphitic structure. Ion diffusion in the graphite interlayer was found to be the dominant ion storage mechanism at 1200-ANi-KOH, which is comparable to the commercial graphite mechanism. Finally, this simple one-pot graphitization process succeeded in converting coconut coir waste into a graphitic material with a high graphitization degree and excellent LIB anode performance.

Training On Management of 3 R (Reuse, Reduce and Recycle) Coconut Waste (Cocos Nucifera L) as Planting Pots Media for Mothers in Tiwu Galih Village

Real Work Lecture (KKN) is a community service activity that involves students as participants and lecturers as supervisors that focus on the Desapreneur theme. Utilization of coconut coir waste is a product to minimize waste is the 3R. The first principle of Reduce is an activity that can reduce and prevent waste accumulation. The second principle of Reuse is the activity of reusing waste that is fit for use for the same or another function. The third principle of Recycle is the activity of processing waste into new products. In this case, Recycle is the principle that makes a new product, through coconut coir waste it will be made into a media for planting pots. Unused coir waste will have economic value and this is one part of the Desapreneur program which aims to minimize coconut coir waste in the Bogak neighborhood, Tiwu Galih Village. The implementation method is carried out using a qualitative method with implementation in the form of an initial survey as well as practical training in making products. The results issued are kokedama products or plant pot media from coconut fiber.

The Edible Gray Oyster Fungi Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm a Potent Waste Consumer, a Biofriendly Species with Antioxidant Activity Depending on the Growth Substrate

Nowadays, climate change is not the only threat facing our planet. There are also other types of pollution such as waste that poisons soils and water and kills plants, harming humans and animals. Sustainability represents a key issue for the actual Global Citizen. For this reason, our article is dedicated to offering biofriendly solutions to decrease wastes, give them a positive meaning, such as a substrate for an edible oyster fungus with nutritive and biological properties usefully for humans. Three types of wastes such as coconut coir, pine sawdust, and paper waste—representative symbols of pollution in Ecuador—have been tested as suitable growing substrate for the edible fungi Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P. Kumm by analyzing parameters such as Biological Efficiency, Mushroom Yield, and Productive Rate. The influence of these “waste” substrates on the nutritive (protein content), biological characteristic (antioxidant activity), and the content of human-health-sustaining compounds (phenols, flavonoids) were also evaluated using the Kjeldahal, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and Folin–Ciocalteu methods. The results indicate that all the waste products represent desirable substrates for growing the edible fungi, with more focus on coconut coir waste (one of the principal pollution problems in Ecuador), but that also achieved the increase in the fungi’s desirable characteristics. Coconut coir waste could be an environmentally friendly solution that also offers for humans additional nutritive and healthy benefits.

UPAYA PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SABUT KELAPA MENJADI POT BUNGA SERTA SOLUSI PEMASARAN UNTUK MENUNJANG PEREKONOMIAN WARGA DESA PENGALIHAN DI ERA PANDEMI COVID-19

This study aims to determine the Efforts to Utilize Coconut Coir Waste into Flower Pots as well as Marketing Solutions to Support the Economy of the Pengalih Village Residents in the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic. This research has been carried out in the Pengalihan Village, Enok District, Indragiri Hilir Regency. The determination of the research location was carried out intentionally (porposively) during KKN activities in the Pengalihan Village and with the consideration that the Pengalihan Village is one of the coconut production center villages. The time of conducting the research begins on August 5 to September 25, 2021. The analysis used is to increase community income through efforts to use coconut coir waste into flower pots and marketing solutions to support the economy of the residents of the Pengalih Village in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era in the Pengalihan Village, Enok District. The results of the study were the initial conditions that occurred in the midst of the transfer village community, namely the occurrence of community economic problems that were impacted by the covid'19 pandemic, and the lack of public knowledge about the use of coconut coir waste. become flower pots so that they are able to help and support the economy of the residents of the Pengalihan Village in this Covid'19 Pandemic Era.

Effect of substitution of coconut coir waste on the compressive strength of non-structural concrete

Using coconut fiber waste (LSK) in concrete mixes has good prospects because Indonesia has abundant natural resources. The addition of this fiber aims to improve the properties of concrete. This study aims to determine the effect of adding coconut fiber waste (LSK) as a substitute for coarse aggregate on the compressive strength of non-structural concrete and utilizing coconut fiber waste to reduce the accumulation of coconut waste and increase the selling value of coconut fibers. Making concrete mixtures with standard SNI 03-2834-2000, concrete compressive strength f'c 16.9 MPa concrete age 28 days, with 4 variations of the mixture, namely LSK 0%, LSK 0.5%, LSK 1%, LSK 1.5%, and LSK 2%. The test object is cylindrical with a diameter of 15 cm and a height of 30 cm, with 30 specimens. According to the findings of this study, the addition of coco fiber reduced the compressive strength of the concrete. In the compressive strength test of concrete, aged seven days and 28 days, the highest average compressive strength values of LSK 0 were 14.72 MPa and 21.62 MPa. Of the three variations of LSK, LSK 0.5 and LSK 1 are closest to normal concrete. The relationship between the uses of LSK on the compressive strength of concrete at the age of 28 days. Its effect on the decrease in compressive strength occurs in LSK 0.5, LSK 1, LSK 1.5, and LSK 2. The equation obtained from the linear regression equation y = -4.764+19.88 with a value of R2 = 0.827. The results show that the coconut fiber mixture (LSK) cannot provide a compressive strength of concrete that exceeds the compressive strength of normal concrete. Penggunaan limbah sabut kelapa (LSK) dalam campuran beton memiliki prospek yang bagus karena Indonesia memiliki sumber daya alam yang melimpah. Penambahan serat ini bertujuan untuk memperbaiki sifat-sifat beton. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan limbah serat sabut kelapa (LSK) sebagai subtitusi agregat kasar terhadap kuat tekan beton non-struktural, dan memanfaatkan limbah sabut kelapa sehingga bisa mengurangi penumpukan limbah kelapa dan menambah nilai jual dari sabut kelapa. Pembuatan campuran beton dengan standar SNI 03-2834-2000, kuat tekan beton f’c 16,9 MPa usia beton 28 hari, dengan 4 variasi campuran, yaitu LSK 0%, LSK 0,5%, LSK 1%, LSK 1,5% dan LSK 2%. Benda uji berbentuk silinder dengan diameter 15 cm dan tinggi 30 cm, dengan jumlah benda uji 30 buah. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah penambahan serat sabut kelapa mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan kuat tekan pada beton. Pada uji kuat tekan beton umur 7 hari dan 28 hari nilai kuat tekan rata-rata tertinggi LSK 0 adalah 14,72 MPa, dan 21,62 Mpa. Dari ketiga variasi LSK, LSK 0,5 dan LSK 1 yang paling mendekati beton normalnya. Hubungan penggunaan LSK terhadap kuat tekan beton pada umur 28 hari pengaruhnya pada penurunan kuat tekan yang terjadi pada LSK 0,5, LSK 1, LSK 1,5 dan LSK 2. Persamaan yang didapat dari persamaan regresi linear y = -4,764+19,88 dengan nilai R 2 = 0,827. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa campuran sabut kelapa (LSK) tidak bisa memberikan kuat tekan beton melebihi kuat tekan beton normal.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Sabut Kelapa Menjadi Pot Bunga Untuk Menunjang Perekonomian Warga Desa Pengalihan Di Era Pandemi Covid-19

This research discusses the use of coconut coir waste into flower pots to support the economy of the residents of Pengalihan Village in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. The main income of the majority of the people of Pengalihan Village is from coconut plantations. As for what people produce from coconut plantations, only round coconut, white copra, and shell charcoal are produced, but currently the selling price of coconut has decreased slightly so that it affects people's income. Actually, the utilization of the results of the coconut plant is very large, one of which is from the coir itself. This study concludes that the use of coconut coir waste is very effective and can be an alternative choice to support the economy of the Pengalihan Village community in the Covid-19 Pandemic era. Coconut coir waste is one of the easily obtained biomass and is a by-product of agriculture. Coconut coir waste has the potential to be used as flower pots because it contains cellulose which in its molecular structure contains a carboxyl group and lignin which contains phenolic acid which is needed for plants.

Evaluation of different lignocellulosic substrates for cultivation of medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum

Aim: The present study was formulated with an aim to evaluate different locally available residues from trees such as mixed saw dust, saw dust of coconut wood log, coconut leaf stalks/petiole, coconut coir waste, saw dust of areca nut wood log for cultivation of medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. Methodology: Locally available agro residues viz., mixed saw dust, saw dust of coconut wood log, chopped coconut leaf stalks/petiole, coconut coir waste, saw dust of areca nut wood log were mixed with 20% wheat bran as supplement and packed in bags at 175 g/bag, autoclaved and aseptically inoculated with grain spawn of G. lucidum and provided with different temperature and humidity conditions for production of fruiting bodies. Results: Among the substrates, coconut wood log saw dust supported early spawn run within 46.5 days and early pinhead production on day 54 followed by pinhead expansion in 62.3 days and first harvest within 70.5 days. The average number of fruiting bodies were also higher (5.75 numbers/bag) with an average weight of 13.5 g/fruiting body that gave significantly higher yield of 77.5 g/175 g substrate with bioefficiency of 44.3% in a cropping cycle of 100.5 days compared to other substrates. Interpretation: The results show that coconut wood log saw dust substrate offers great scope for artificial cultivation of G. lucidum with a significant bioefficiency of 44.3 %.

Anaerobic Degradation of Raw Coconut Waste for Biogas Production

Disposal of coconut coir waste has been a difficult task for the coir industry. Coir pith is being piled up in the outskirts of the coir industry. A solution to the coir pith disposal is the biogas production from it. Raw coir pith without any treatment was tested for its potential to produce biogas. There was very little biogas generated from raw coir pith. Due to the constraints of high electrical conductivity and high lignin content, direct anaerobic treatment of raw coir pith cannot be an efficient solution. Treatment of coir pith is required for increasing the quantity of biogas produced.

PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SABUT KELAPA ( Cocos nucifera L) DAN SERAT TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (Elais guineensis JACQ) SEBAGAI KOMBINASI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN PAPAN PARTIKEL

The utilization of coconut fiber that has not been optimal is one of the opportunities so that the waste has added value, one of which is to process it into particle board. Objective research is to best composition particle board making from coconut coir waste material and TKKS to produce qualified particle board. The method used was a complete randomized design (RAL) with 3 treatment, single factor treatment ie the composition of raw materials in the form of coconut husk and TKKS. Comparison of the particle-making composition of particle board P0: 100% coco fiber: 0% of oil palm empty bunch fibers, P1: 75% : 25%, P2: 50% : 50%, P3: 25% : 75%, P4: 0% : 100%. Best results the combination of raw material composition of particle board is in the treatment of P0 (100% coco fiber: 0% of oil palm empty bunch fiber) with a density value of 0.43 g / cm³, moisture content 7.0%, Modulus of Elasticity - MoE 2.037.45 kg / cm2 and the Modulus of Rupture - MoR 46.14 kg / cm².

Adsorptive desulfurization of feed diesel using chemically impregnated coconut coir waste

This study reports the usage of chemically impregnated coconut coir waste (CICCW) as a low-cost adsorbent for the desulfurization of feed diesel. The characterization of the developed adsorbent was focused on quantitative analysis (carbon yield %, proximate, ultimate, carbon surface functionalities, BET surface area and porosity distribution, and particle size analysis), qualitative analysis (FTIR), and optical analysis (SEM). Batch experiments with feed diesel having a total sulfur concentration of 2,050 mg L−1 were conducted to optimize the adsorption parameters such as adsorbent dose, temperature, and contact time. The adsorption process shows an optimum dose of 1 g/20 mL, and the equilibrium is attained in 3 h. The adsorption of sulfur onto the adsorbent at optimum temperature 293 K is regulated by external mass transfer (diffusion into mesopores) followed by a steady adsorption phase with intra-particle diffusion in micropores. A Fickian mechanism controls the diffusion of sulfur molecules from the solution onto the surface of the adsorbent. Freundlich adsorption isotherm illustrates the equilibrium adsorption data very well. The negative value of ΔG° (−27.61 kJ mol−1) and ΔS° (−44.56 J K−1 mol−1) indicates the feasibility, spontaneity of the adsorption process and justified the decrease in the randomness of adsorbed sulfur molecules onto the adsorbent surface, respectively. The exhausted CICCW can be effectively regenerated by methanol and reutilized for three adsorption–desorption cycles. The approximate cost of preparation of the adsorbent was USD 10.714 per kg. These results clearly proved the feasibility of the developed low-cost adsorbent (CICCW) as a good candidate for the desulfurization of feed diesel.