Cockpit Concept Research Articles

AORN Position Statement on Managing Distractions and Noise During Perioperative Patient Care

<scp>AORN</scp> Position Statement on Managing Distractions and Noise During Perioperative Patient Care

Cockpit Concept for Simple Operation of Assistance Functions

Cockpit Concept for Simple Operation of Assistance Functions

The operational validation of new cockpit technologies supporting all conditions operations: a case study

This paper presents a case study pertaining to human factors/human---machine interaction (HMI) research undertaken over a four-year period, as part of a large Framework Seven project funded by the European Commission. Specifically, it reports on research concerning the operational validation of future cockpit concepts supporting all conditions operations. Primarily, it focuses on the innovation in the methodological approach adopted (and the theory underpinning this) and the key results. In so doing, this paper illustrates the requirement for HMI research to go beyond issues of task and user interface design, so as to properly address issues of operability. It is argued that the typical remit of operational assessment (i.e. the assessment of task workflows, workload and operator situation awareness) must be supplemented by a broader analysis of `operational' issues related to the design of operational processes/procedures, teamwork, system information flow, process benefits and implementation barriers. This is enabled by the adoption of a stakeholder/participatory approach to evaluation and the application of both formal and informal HMI design/evaluation methods.

Cockpit Concept for Conditional Automated Driving

Cockpit Concept for Conditional Automated Driving

Cockpit Concept for Conditional Automated Driving

Cockpit Concept for Conditional Automated Driving

Near Real Time Steering: The Organizational Cockpit at the Strategic Level

In an increasingly competitive environment, a more efficient management of resources is of utmost importance. However, despite the recognized importance given to the organization's strategy, many still remain focused on the usual budgeting cycle to financially control their actions. This short-term and incremental tactical behavior does not allow decisors to focus on what lies beyond the horizon. The Organizational Cockpit concept emerges as a strategic management system, in near real time, as an attempt to explain and communicate the organization's strategy at all levels. It fosters strategic performance monitoring and measuring by providing information on how the “flight” is doing, thus creating the conditions to allow strategic navigation, permitting to assess performance and, at the same time, information about actions taken, the resources used and their result. This concept can also be used to assess the organization's performance within the Portuguese Integrated Management System and Performance Evaluation in Public Administration.

Critical phase distractions in anaesthesia and the sterile cockpit concept

In aviation, the sterile cockpit rule prohibits non-essential activities during critical phases of flight, takeoff and landing, phases analogous to induction of, and emergence from, anaesthesia. We studied distraction during 30 anaesthetic inductions, maintenances and emergences. Mean (SD) noise during emergence (58.3 (6.2) dB) was higher than during induction (46.4 (4.3) dB) and maintenance (52 (4.5) dB; p<0.001). Sudden loud noises, greater than 70 dB, occurred more frequently at emergence (occurring 34 times) than at induction (occurring nine times) or maintenance (occurring 13 times). The median (IQR [range]) of staff entrances or exits were 0 (0-2 [0-7]), 6 (3-10 [1-18]) and 10 (5-12 [1-20]) for induction, maintenance and emergence, respectively (p<0.001). Conversations unrelated to the procedure occurred in 28/30 (93%) emergences. These data demonstrate increased distraction during emergence compared with other phases of anaesthesia. Recognising and minimising distraction should improve patient safety. Applying aviation's sterile cockpit rule may be a useful addition to our clinical practice.

Evolution of cockpit-electronics

The ability of suppliers to integrate MMI systems in different vehicle concepts will be a key element in developing automotive electronics in the future. Modular architectures as well as re-use of electronic components between different vehicle models and platforms is becoming more and more important. In this article, Visteon describes different cockpit concepts; they show that suppliers of cockpit electronics will need an increased variety of product knowledge and development skills in the future, as well as the ability to provide integrator capabilities with flexible product line platforms.

Three large LCD cockpit concept for retrofit applications

Nowadays glass cockpits for commercial aircraft usually feature six display units. When one or two units are lost due to failures, continued safe flight is guaranteed using the remaining units. In this article a cockpit concept is proposed with only three display units, and at least the same safety level. This three large LCD cockpit can reduce costs for the airlines, while at the same time providing built-in growth potential for emerging functions. Innovative display technology based upon the "fail safe concept" and a reconfigurable interface between pilots and the avionics system allow these seemingly incompatible goals.

Conflict Avoidance by Descent Behind the Intruder

The paramount priorities for safe implementation of a singlepilot manned cockpit concept and the futuristic concept of asingle pilot acting as a supervisor for a fully automated aircraftflying on incessantly self-optimised trajectories are eliminationsof the risk of mid-air collisions and of conflicts resulting fromthe lack of safe airborne separations. Avoidance procedureswith initiation of descent behind the intruder for conflict resolutionbetween a pair of aircraft where one of them is in the vicinityof the top of its descent represents merely one little piece ofthis giant puzzle.

Analysis and Evaluation of Cockpit Concept and Crew Concept of a Two-Seater Combat Aircraft

The two-seater combat aircraft that went into service with the German Airforce in 1981 and with the German Navy in 1982 was based on operational requirements and technical standards of the 70's and earlier. Changes in the operational goals forced requirements for improving, conserving, and adjusting performance capabilities and made various equipment necessary being added to the current system. During the realization of these modifications ergonomic aspects of the cockpit concept and the crew concept were largely neglected. An analysis and evaluation of human-machine-interactions and crew coordination in the cockpit was carried out, including analysis of tasks, loads, and demands on crew members and task allocations between crew and machine resources depending on various typical airforce missions. In addition, extensive workload experiments were conducted with simulated and real flights, tailored for airforce missions. Demands on crew members in simulated flights were measured with questionnaires and rating scales SWORD and ZEIS, and in real flights with questionnaires and rating scales ZEIS and NASA-TLX/ZEIS combination. Experimental results indicated a wide range of demands and high workload on crew members during specific mission segments. Furthermore, extensive recommendations were established to reduce workload, optimize crew members interaction, and ensure the required performance level. This resulted in a changed cockpit concept with major effects on the crew concept. Beside these more technical aspects social aspects were taken into account and recommendations to improve the actual training concept were worked out to optimize crew members interactions and system performance.