Coarse Aggregate In Concrete Production Research Articles

The Influence of Recycled Coarse Aggregate Content on the Properties of High-Fly-Ash Self-Compacting Concrete

In Vietnam, solid waste from construction activities significantly impacts environmental pollution. Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), derived from waste concrete, can serve as a coarse aggregate in concrete production. However, compared to natural aggregates, RCA exhibits distinct characteristics, including lower strength, higher water absorption, and an increased angular and rough surface. These properties may influence concrete’s workability, compressive strength, and durability. This research investigates the influence of RCA on the properties of High-Fly-Ash Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC). The study explores various replacement levels of natural coarse aggregate with RCA (0%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), alongside a 50% volume fraction of fly ash. Key concrete properties evaluated include workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, and chloride ion permeability. The findings reveal that using 100% RCA in combination with a high fly ash content (50%) produces SCC that meets workability requirements according to EFNARC standards. However, there are trade-offs: the compressive strength decreases by 4.61%, the flexural strength decreases by 3.1%, and chloride ion permeability increases by 57.57% compared to the control sample (using natural aggregates). Notably, the chloride ion permeability of SCC using 100% RCA falls into the category of low permeability. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2024-010-04 Full Text: PDF

Effect of Use Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Rubber Tyre as A Partial Replacement of Cement and Coarse Aggregate in Concrete

Abstract: Recycling and usage of waste products can be a viable option in the waste management of many materials. The present study focuses on the utilization of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash(SCBA) as replacement material for cement and rubber tyre as replacement material for coarse aggregate in concrete production. Noting the increasing volumes and difficulty in the disposal of wastes from rubber tyres and SCBA, this paper discusses test results of use of SCBA and recycled tyres in concrete for possible application in the construction industry. Sugarcane Bagasse ash contains high amorphous silica content and aluminium ion. For experimental investigations, Sugarcane bagasse ash and its chemical properties are obtained from Sakthi sugars private ltd, Aapakoodal, Tamilnadu. Ordinary Portland cement was partly replaced by sugarcane bagasse ash in the ratio of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% by weight. The results indicate that inclusion of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash in concrete up to 20% level significantly enhanced the strength of concrete. In 2008, around one billion end-of-life tyres (ELTs) were being produced globally each year. As a possible means of disposing the tyres, it is proposed to use rubber tyres as coarse aggregate in concrete. Tyres cut into pieces with maximum size of 20 mm to use as coarse aggregate.It were used in the replacement of 15% of the normal gravel. Grade of concrete used in this paper is M30.Compressive strength, splitting tensile, and flexural strength tests were conducted according to the various BS codes. This paper also demonstrated the variation in the compressive strength of the non-conventional concrete when the BS and ACI methods are used in the design of the mix.

The effect of waste marble and basalt aggregates on the fresh and hardened properties of high strength self-compacting concrete

With the increase in concrete production worldwide in recent years, our natural aggregate resources are rapidly depleting. Various waste aggregates are used as an alternative to natural aggregates to solve this problem. However, the demand for High Strength Self-Compacting Concrete (HSSCC) in the concrete industry is increasing. Using waste aggregates as coarse aggregate in HSSCCs may increase the sustainability of HSSCCs, while simultaneously reducing environmental waste problems and production costs. This study aims to produce the HSSCC series by using basalt and waste marble aggregates in certain volumetric ratios instead of limestone-based crushed stone used as coarse aggregate in concrete production. To achieve this aim, the effect of aggregate type was investigated on the physical, mechanical, and durability properties of the produced concrete series. In the production of HSSCC series, silica fume and cement were used in fixed proportions. Instead of limestone-based coarse aggregates, waste marble and basalt aggregates were used at 25, 50, 75, and 100 % ratios by volume. Thus, a series of eight different HSSCCs and a control HSSCC were created. Slump flow, T500 time, V-funnel, and l-box tests were applied to assess the flowability, filling, and passing ability of the produced HSSCC series. Cylindrical specimens of 100 × 200 mm and cubes of 150 × 150 × 150 mm were produced with the prepared mixture series. The produced specimens were subjected to standard curing for 28 and 180 days in lime-saturated water pools with a temperature of 20 ± 2 ℃. After the curing period, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive strength, splitting-tensile strength, apparent porosity, sorptivity, rapid chloride permeability, electrical resistivity tests, and internal structure analyzes were applied to the specimens. According to the fresh concrete test results, no segregation was observed in all of the HSSCC series and it was observed that they were in compliance with the fresh state standards. When 180-day curing was applied to the HSSCC series, the compressive strength of the series in which 25 % waste marble aggregate was used increased by 9.1 % compared to the control series, while the compressive strength of the series in which 100 % basalt aggregate was used increased by 19.5 %. As a result, it has been observed that HSSCCs with high strength and durability properties can be produced by using basalt or waste marble aggregates at rates of 25 % to 100 % instead of crushed stone aggregates.

The use of waste marble for cleaner production of structural concrete: A comprehensive experimental study

Waste marble is a byproduct that is produced as a result of cutting and reshaping marble stone that is commonly used in the construction sector. From a sustainability perspective, waste marble can be a potential alternative to limestone sand with slightly reduced ecological footprint which is aligned with novel concepts, such as circularity of construction industry. To provide a comprehensive outline of marble’s use as coarse aggregate in concrete production, this study adopted utilizing waste coarse marble aggregate (WCMA) at a quantity of 50% and 100% to substitute coarse limestone aggregates (also natural coarse aggregate (NCA)). Likewise, since marble stone is considered as a metamorphic rock with slightly different microspores, compared to limestone, three different water-to-cement ratios (w/c) of 0.35, 0.42 and 0.49 have also been used. Results show that concretes incorporating WMCA exhibit a slightly better mechanical performance than concretes incorporating NCA, given that the w/c ratio is enough to lubricate WMCA’s surface but not to the point of increasing free water in concrete’s microstructure. In other words, it is found that WMCA is relatively sensitive to the mixture’s w/c ratio which can have a large impact on the resulting physico-mechanical and thermo-durability properties of the specimens. In this regard, despite the WMCA’s slightly enhanced performance in certain thermo-durability tests, the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) areas are found to be more susceptible to deteriorating factors. Nonetheless, the result of this study is found to be significant and point to the suitability of utilizing WMCA as an alternative to NCA.

Experimental Analysis on Properties of M15 and M20 Concrete Brick Sample with Partial Replacement of Sand by Crumb Rubber and Coarse Aggregate by Expanded Polystyrene

The suitability of crumb rubber and EPS (expanded polystyrene) as an alternative to sand and coarse aggregate in concrete production was researched here. Sand and coarse aggregate were partially replaced by crumb rubber and EPS in different percentages like 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% for Grade M20 and M15 concrete samples. The sample of size (240 × 115× 57) mm for M15 and M20 grade of concrete were prepared for the test. Various properties like Compressive strength, Bulk density and water absorption of the concrete brick prepared were determined. The normal consistency, initial and final setting time and compressive strength of cement used for the experiment were determined as 27%, 120 minutes, 290 minutes and 40.34 N/mm2 respectively before carrying out the experiment. The nominal maximum size of sand, coarse aggregate, crumb rubber and EPS used for the preparation of concrete brick sample were found as 2.36 mm, 12.5mm, 2.36 mm and 4.75 mm respectively from the sieve analysis. Impact value of coarse aggregate obtained was 17.06 %.
 The experimental results showed that water absorption of prepared M15 and M20 concrete brick samples increased whereas compressive strength and bulk density decreased with increase in percentage replacement of sand by crumb rubber and coarse aggregate by EPS. The results obtained from the experiment showed that concrete brick made with partial replacement of sand and coarse aggregate y crumb rubber and EPS respectively had sufficient compressive strength compared to common brick.

MODELS TO PREDICT THE FRESH AND HARDENED PROPERTIES OF PALM KERNEL SHELL CONCRETE

Concrete is an assemblage of Cement, aggregates and water, the most frequently used fine aggregate for concrete production is sand sourced from river banks. The continuous exploitation of available granite conventionally used as coarse aggregate in concrete production coupled with rapid infrastructural development has resulted in its scarcity and often high cost. The suitability of utilising Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) as partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete production was examined in this paper. Preliminary tests were conducted on all aggregates to determine their suitability for concrete production. Concrete with 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% PKS-coarse aggregate content was cast with a mix ratio of 1:2:4. The freshly prepared Palm Kernel Shell Concrete (PKSC) was cast in moulds measuring 150 x 150 x 150mm and cured using ponding method. The Compressive strength result shows that an increase in the PKS content results in a decrease in compressive strength of concrete. Linear regression models for the slump and compressive strength of the PKSC were developed and found to be sufficient in predicting the compressive strengths with R2 values of 96% and 92 % respectively.

Performance of concrete made from cupola furnace slag and recycled concrete aggregate

Portland cement concrete (PCC) is an unquestionably flexible and valuable material for any nation's infrastructure and construction development. Nevertheless, the negative health impacts of cement production, the aggregate fraction of concrete, and the building supply shortage are some drawbacks of concrete use. Cupola slag (CS) and recycled coarse concrete (RCA) wastes from industrial processes, construction, and demolition sites are disposed of into the environment, resulting in pollution that threatens marine, agriculture, and public health. Therefore, CS and RCA as a binder and coarse aggregate in concrete production would help protect the environment. This study presents the outcome of an experimental investigation on (i) partial substitution of cement at percentage levels of 0% to 25% in steps of 5% with granulated cupola slag, (GCF); (ii) partially substitution of coarse granite from 0% to 50% in steps of 10%; with coarse cupola slag (CCS); and (iii) complete replacement of CG with recycled coarse aggregates and subsequently partially replaced with CCS from 0% to 50% in steps of 10%. The fresh and hardened properties of concrete, such as workability and compressive strength, were tested. The test results generally showed that the workability increases with an increase in percentage replacement. However, at 7, 14, 28, and 56 days concrete produced from the partial replacement of cement with GCF had the optimum compressive strength of 9.65 N/mm2, 15.85 N/mm2, 20.37 N/mm2, and 22.15 N/mm2 at 10% replacement. The strength, however, increased by 13.67%, 23.54%, 29.42%, and 25.42% compared to the control sample. Similarly, concrete produced from the partial replacement of CG with CCS gave the optimum compressive strength at 10% replacement with a value of 14.89 N/mm2 at 28 days. The compressive strength obtained from the complete replacement of CG with RCA was lower compared with the control samples at 7, 14, 28, and 56 days. It can be concluded that the concrete made with CS and RCA show a satisfactory development and consistency in strength as compared to control sample.

EFFECT OF CRUSHED DOUM PALM SHELL AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE

The use of alternative materials in place of natural aggregate in concrete production has been getting attention all around the globe; this makes concrete a sustainable and environmentally friendly construction material. In this study the use of crushed doum palm shell (CDPS) as partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete production was investigated. The concrete grade 30 was used for the research with a water /cement ratio of 0.45. The control sample contained normal concrete ingredient cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. The CDPS replacement by weight was varied at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% respectively for the test sample. The 28-day compressive strength of the concrete using Doum palm shell aggregate was found to be 28.0 and 20.2 MPa at 5 and 10% replacement under full water curing and it satisfies the requirement for structural lightweight concrete which was more than 17MPa. The study recommended replacement of coarse aggregate up to a maximum of 10 % crushed doum palm shell for structural light weight concrete and it encourage the use of agricultural wastes in construction as an environmental protection and cost reduction measure. However, results from laboratory investigations indicated that crushed doum palm shell (CDPS) has good potential as a coarse aggregate for production of structural lightweight concrete, especially for low-cost housing and also for use in earthquake prone areas.

Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Agricultural Waste as a Partial Substitute for Granite as Coarse Aggregate

The paper investigated the effect of using Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) as a partial substitute for granite as coarse aggregate in concrete production, aimed at developing an alternative form of construction material without compromising structural integrity. Randomly sourced dried and undried palm kernel shells, were used to replace coarse aggregate by weight to a standard mix ratio of 1:2:4:0.54. The dried shells were obtained by heating in an improvised oven at 800C. The physical and geotechnical properties of the aggregates were determined. Results showed that the aggregate impact value of granite and PKS used were 0.228 and 0.104 respectively. The substitution of the coarse aggregate was varied from 0% to 20%. A slump test was used to determine the workability of the fresh concrete. A total of 108 concrete cubes measuring 100mm×100mm×100mm were investigated at 7days, 14days, 21days and 28days. The control mix gave compressive strengths of 25.67 N/mm2, 29.83 N/mm2, 31.33 N/mm2 and 35.67 N/mm2 at 7, 14, 21 and 28days respectively. The compressive strengths of undried PKS cement blended concrete and dried PKS substitute at 5% were 23.17 N/mm2, 27.00 N/mm2, 28.00 N/mm2, 26.00 N/mm2 and 17.50 N/mm2, 16.17 N/mm2, 18.16 N/mm2, 20.00 N/mm2 respectively for 7, 14, 21 and 28days curing periods. The highest compressive strength of 28.00 N/mm2 decreased by 21.50% from the control of 35.67 N/mm2. This compressive strength is adequate for light weight construction works as specified by BS EN 206:2013.

Strength characteristics of concrete using coconut shell as a coarse aggregate – A sustainable approach

Many researchers have carried out works on use of various agricultural and industrial by-products to enrich the performance and strength characteristics of concrete. The study here reports and captures the use of coconut shell (CS) as partial replacement to coarse aggregate (CA). CS is a naturally available abundant agricultural waste material, which can be used as an alternate to CA. For this research, authors considered M20 grade concrete to investigate the rheological and strength characteristics of concrete incorporating CS as an alternate material for CA in varying percentages like 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. The study aims to find the optimum dosage of coconut shell that can be replaced partially in concrete to enhance the strength characteristics and to make concrete lightweight by overcoming the disposal challenges of agricultural waste. Total of seven mixes are considered for this investigation to attempt CS a substitute for CA. The rheological properties like slump & compaction factor tests are conducted for fresh properties. Similarly, strength characteristics of concrete like compressive, split tensile and flexural strength tests are performed to measure the structural performance of CS as a CA. Test outcomes of this investigation exhibits that, CS can be replaced up to 20% by weight of CA, without compromising the strength characteristics and rheological properties of concrete. Use of CS as a CA in concrete production not only contributes to performance and strength of concrete but also solves the solid waste disposal problem and helps in conserving natural resources.

Suitability Assessment of Sabon Kaura Pit Gravel as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete Production

Suitability Assessment of Sabon Kaura Pit Gravel as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete Production

Utilization of Crushed Ceramic Tile Wastes as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate in Concrete Production

Utilization of Crushed Ceramic Tile Wastes as Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate in Concrete Production - written by Bikash Subedi , Dhurba Kumar Wagle , Keshav Basnet published on 2020/08/06 download full article with reference data and citations

The effects of using cathode ray tube (CRT) glass as coarse aggregates in high-strength concrete subjected to high temperature

Waste cathode ray tube glass has been formed into two different products which are spherical glass (GS) and crushed glass (GC). Since it is a new material that acts as a coarse aggregate in concrete production, the architectural and civil structures built with such concretes may face a risk of fire situations. Thus, it is important to analyze the behavior of concrete containing GS and GC after exposure to high temperatures. A series of experimental programs were conducted on mixtures of concrete containing GS and GC as coarse aggregates, which were subjected to high temperatures ranging from ambient temperature to 800 °C at exposure time of 1 and 2 h. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, mass loss, and X-ray diffraction were analyzed. Results show better compressive strength in concrete containing GS at temperature 200–600 °C. However, the use of GS affects the splitting tensile strength more negatively, compared to GC. But, at a temperature beyond 600 °C, the use of GC causing bubbles of glass appeared on the surface of concrete and toxic Pb was found in the crushed concrete paste.

Influence of Morphology of Cathode-Ray Tube Glass as Coarse Aggregates on Compressive Strength and Water Absorption of Concrete

The study on the substitution for natural coarse aggregates using waste CRT funnel glass in spherically shapes is still limited. In this paper, the waste CRT glass has been processed to form a spherical CRT glass (GS) and crushed CRT glass (GC), which were used as a coarse aggregate in concrete production. Results indicated that the inclusion of GS and GC has lower the compressive strength and decreased the rate of capillary water absorption of concrete. It was demonstrated that the morphology properties of GS and GC (shape, surface texture, size, grading) is significantly affected the concrete properties.

The Application of Waste Marble as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete Production

The massive growth of construction industry especially in the developing countries results in extensive quarrying activities which ultimately would lead to the depletion of natural resources. Apart from extensive extraction of the natural granite from the earth for concrete production, marble production industry is also majorly contributing to the quarrying activities. In addition, high volume of waste is generated by the marble production industry as 70% of marble is wasted during the production such as quarrying, cutting, processing and others which is environmental unfriendly. In a way to achieve sustainable construction, the present study is to utilise the waste marble in replacing the coarse aggregate in concrete production. The engineering performance including workability, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and chloride penetration were analysed. The raw waste marble obtained from the industry were crushed and sieved into maximum size 20 mm and used to replace the coarse aggregate at the level of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% respectively. Results show that 60% of the replacement level has yield to optimum result by achieving the highest compressive strength and UPV at approximate 5% higher than the control. Meanwhile, the effect on chloride penetration resistance is more significant, i.e. approximate 19% better than the control. However, increasing the replacement level of waste marble has no significant effect on workability, although an increasing trend was observed.

The Application of Waste Marble as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete Production

The massive growth of construction industry especially in the developing countries results in extensive quarrying activities which ultimately would lead to the depletion of natural resources. Apart from extensive extraction of the natural granite from the earth for concrete production, marble production industry is also majorly contributing to the quarrying activities. In addition, high volume of waste is generated by the marble production industry as 70% of marble is wasted during the production such as quarrying, cutting, processing and others which is environmental unfriendly. In a way to achieve sustainable construction, the present study is to utilise the waste marble in replacing the coarse aggregate in concrete production. The engineering performance including workability, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and chloride penetration were analysed. The raw waste marble obtained from the industry were crushed and sieved into maximum size 20 mm and used to replace the coarse aggregate at the level of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% respectively. Results show that 60% of the replacement level has yield to optimum result by achieving the highest compressive strength and UPV at approximate 5% higher than the control. Meanwhile, the effect on chloride penetration resistance is more significant, i.e. approximate 19% better than the control. However, increasing the replacement level of waste marble has no significant effect on workability, although an increasing trend was observed.

The application of waste marble as coarse aggregate in concrete production

The massive growth of construction industry especially in the developing countries results in extensive quarrying activities which ultimately would lead to the depletion of natural resources. Apart from extensive extraction of the natural granite from the earth for concrete production, marble production industry is also majorly contributing to the quarrying activities. In addition, high volume of waste is generated by the marble production industry as 70% of marble is wasted during the production such as quarrying, cutting, processing and others which is environmental unfriendly. In a way to achieve sustainable construction, the present study is to utilise the waste marble in replacing the coarse aggregate in concrete production. The engineering performance including workability, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and chloride penetration were analysed. The raw waste marble obtained from the industry were crushed and sieved into maximum size 20 mm and used to replace the coarse aggregate at the level of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% respectively. Results show that 60% of the replacement level has yield to optimum result by achieving the highest compressive strength and UPV at approximate 5% higher than the control. Meanwhile, the effect on chloride penetration resistance is more significant, i.e. approximate 19% better than the control. However, increasing the replacement level of waste marble has no significant effect on workability, although an increasing trend was observed.

Assessment of Gravel Properties Sourced within Oyo North Senatorial District: Case Study of Ogbomoso

The study evaluated the properties of gravel aggregate sourced within Oyo north senatorial district for concrete production in place of crushed granite crushed at exorbitant cost since characteristic properties show significant reflections on the qualities of gravel aggregate used and also play major role in determining the properties of hardened concrete.Samples of gravel from four commonly used borrow pits: Aroje, Bolanta, Sunsun and Olomi sites were obtained and tested for Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV), Aggregate Impact Value (AIV), Specific Gravity, Water absorption Capacity, Bulk Density, Moisture Content and Particle Size Distribution.On the average the results of the observation for the selected four locations were 22.56 g, 28.17 g, 33.37 g and 40.19 g for Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV), 2.44 g/ml, 2.53 g/ml, 2.57 g/ml and 2.62 g/ml for Bulk density, 0.17 %, 1.43 %, 2.42 %, and 2.48 % for moisture content, 2.02 %, 2.92 %, 2.00 % and 3.15 for water absorption, 2.52, 2.63, 2.60 and 2.55 for specific gravity, 41. 55 %, 45.25 %, 45.59 % and 47.08 % for aggregate Impact respectively.The study revealed that, gravel aggregates from Aroje has superior properties over those of Sunsun, Bolanta and Olomi as compared with coarse aggregate properties in BS 812: 1995 and BS 882: 1992. It is hereby recommended for coarse aggregate in concrete production.

Use of Construction and Demolition Waste in Lateritic Concrete

In recent decades the problem of construction and demolition waste has been receiving more attention due to possible ecological and economic damage caused by them. This is because they are produced in large quantities and often receive inadequate disposal, being deposited illegally in vacant lots, public places and even in areas of environmental preservation. The practice of recycling of construction and demolition waste (CDW) by construction is an alternative that minimizes the amount of waste generated and the impacts caused by them. Moreover, the introduction of alternative materials might reduce the production costs of construction. In Brazil, there is great availability of lateritic concretions. This material, according to some studies, proved to be a viable alternative to be used as coarse aggregate in concrete production. In this study, it is used the CDW as a filler to replace 10% of Portland cement and, as coarse aggregate, lateritic concretions. Tests of physical properties of coarse and fine aggregates and determination of the mechanical strength of hardened concrete were made. The construction and demolition waste used as filler to replace the mass of cement in the mixture proved to be a viable alternative.

The Behavior of Construction Waste Concrete

Due to urbanisation and rapid development in Malaysia, the waste generated from the construction has increased tremendously. Such waste accumulation has been a major issue not only in Malaysia but also worldwide. In line with this, recycling construction as coarse aggregate can be introduced to solve two environmental aspects namely waste disposal crisis while protecting from depleted natural resources. In this study, three types of construction waste namely floor tiles, clay bricks and crushed concrete aggregate were used to replace coarse aggregate in concrete production. The effect of coarse aggregate replacement on the workability, compressive strength, and flexural strength Grade 30 concrete were investigated and discussed. The concrete specimens that made of crushed floor tiles, crushed bricks, and crushed concrete aggregate were termed as tile concrete (TC), brick concrete (BC) and crushed aggregate concrete (CAC). The result for all specimens has shown good workability with slump ranging from 51-85 mm. BC showed optimum brick replacement of 17% with the 28-day compressive strength of 36 N/mm2. TC and CAC on the other hand showed optimum result at 20% and 16% replacement with 28-day compressive strength of 31.43 N/mm2 and 31.25 N/mm2 respectively. It can be concluded that optimum result for BC, TC and CAC have achieve concrete G30. The flexural strength of BC, TC and CAC ranges from 3.03-4.49 N/mm2, 3.62-4.60 N/mm2, and 4.05-5.43 N/mm2.