Coalition Networks Research Articles

How Does Innovation-Collaboration Network Structure Influence Regional Economic Resilience?

This paper examines whether different structures of co-patenting networks affect regional economic adaptation and adaptability in divergent ways. Adaptation differentiates from adaptability by recovering in a pre-shock growth path, while adaptability entails forging a new growth path. Focusing on computer, electronic, and electrical equipment manufacturing industries in U.S. metropolitan and micropolitan areas from 1990 to 2012, the study reveals that complete networks, characterized by closely connected nodes, promote adaptation but weaken adaptability. In contrast, coalitional networks, featuring loosely connected subgroups, enhance adaptability but hurt adaptation. The study contributes to regional economic resilience literature by empirically demonstrating the trade-off relationship between adaptation and adaptability from network structures’ perspective. Practically, the study helps policy makers to effectively allocate stimuli, such as grants and tax incentives, to develop targeted co-patenting networks to improve adaptation or adaptability.

Movement escalation and mobilization for resistance: From anti-coup protest to ‘People's War’ in Myanmar

Protest campaigns have proven an effective form of contention to challenge authoritarian rule yet can at times escalate into armed conflict. This article aims to explain how a protest movement can escalate to an uprising by examining the case of Myanmar, where the 2021 military coup prompted the emergence of a diverse movement of strike groups, civil society, ousted Burman-majority parliamentarians, and ethnic minority resistance organizations. Based on original interviews with movement members, the article traces how repression triggered escalation and spurred increased cooperation among movement actors that resulted in an armed uprising. Building primarily on social movements and contentious politics studies, this article argues effective campaign framing was critical in maintaining movement unity and legitimizing violence as a form of resistance. Mobilization of resources in social networks and coalition networks was key to organizing armed resistance. The article contributes novel insights by showing that a diverse movement can strengthen cooperation to mount armed resistance, instead of fragment during escalation as studies have often found. The article also deepens our understanding of how movements with links to established armed actors may escalate, as it details how cooperation between mainstream protestors and armed actors can transform a movement into armed resistance.

Whole-of-society approach or manufacturing intelligence? Making sense of state-CSO relation in preventing and countering violent extremism in Nigeria

ABSTRACT The boundaries of partnership between states and civil society organisations (CSOs), as well as who is counted and who gets to set them, have been the subject of ongoing debate. This discussion has gained particular significance in light of the growing securitisation and tactical engagement of CSOs in conflict, violence, and security. The discussion has led to the development of a theoretical framework known as “strategic exclusion, co-option, and containment” (SECC). Nevertheless, it is worth noting that, the importance of normative inquiries notwithstanding, there exists a dearth of contextual and empirical understanding regarding the dynamics of state-CSO interactions. To address this gap, this study examines the interactions between states and Muslim community-based CSOs in the implementation of preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE). The research draws from an ethnographic study involving various actors, including policymakers, security agents, non-state P/CVE practitioners, civil society group members, P/CVE donor-agency programme managers, and P/CVE coalition networks and steering committee members. The study argues that in the context of P/CVE, where a “whole-of-society” approach is promoted, the state utilises Muslim community-based CSOs primarily as intelligence producers to advance its interests, thereby undermining their agency in P/CVE practices. Despite its framing as a human security perspective on violent extremism, the whole-of-society approach in P/CVE remains deeply rooted in state-security logic and the continuation of the Global War on Terror (GWOT) practices. This ultimately constricts the spaces of engagement between the state and civil society.

Gerakan Politik Lokal Waria dalam Perjuangan Hak Bekerja

The enactment of Regional Regulation No. 1 of 2014 concerning the Handling of Vagrants and Beggars, which has an impact on the waria (transgender) community of Yogyakarta. Most work as buskers and (art workers) reject the existence of Gepeng Regional Regulation. This rejection was based on the fact that the waria community refused to be categorized as vagrants and beggars. Research using qualitative with case studies. This research focuses on the strategy of the Yogyakarta transgender political movement by forming an advocacy coalition in response to the implementation of the Gepeng Regional Regulation which is considered to have an impact on the waria community working on the streets. The results of this study found that carrying out resistance or rejection actions was carried out in two ways. First, build a network of advocacy coalitions between communities. Second, Strategy through the media. The enactment of Perda Gepeng gave rise to two advocacy coalitions, namely the IWAYO, advocacy coalition which was formed as a result of the consolidation of several waria communities in Yogyakarta and the Gepeng Regional Caucus Coalition consisting of various organizations, NGOs and various communities that support the struggle in rejecting the Gepeng Regional Regulation by trying to influence government decisions that are considered damaging democratic values and harming the poor.

Opposition Tactics on the Implementation of Advocacy-Driven Institutional Reforms: A Study of Mining Environmental Assesment in Peru

Between 2008 and 2015, Peru underwent significant institutional reforms to enhance state autonomy in regulating the environmental impact of mining. Advocacy Coalition Networks (ACNs), comprising grassroots organizations, NGOs, academics, and state actors, played a crucial role in advocating for these reforms and shifting public opinion both nationally and internationally. However, the implementation of the reforms fell short of meeting the initial objectives and demands of the ACNs and local communities. During the formulation and implementation phase, the powerful opposition from mining stakeholders employed tactics such as revolving doors, minimal changes, delays, and passing the buck, undermining the intended outcomes. This study highlights the challenges faced by ACNs in influencing environmental reforms during the transition from approval to formulation and implementation stages. It emphasizes the role of the political economy and the importance of forming alliances with influential institutional actors to counterbalance opposition.

Stackelberg game‐based task offloading in mobile edge computing‐enabled hierarchical multi‐coalition unmanned aerial vehicle networks

SummaryThe unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) coalition networks have been widely used in emergency mission scenarios. The introduction of the mobile edge computing (MEC) paradigm into multi‐coalition UAV networks further improves the mission processing performance of UAV coalitions. In this paper, we investigate the problem of minimizing total task processing delay of UAV members in MEC‐enabled coalition‐based UAV networks. First, we propose a hierarchical offloading model in which multiple UAV heads decide its position selection strategy and multiple UAV members decide its offloading strategy when offloading tasks to UAV heads. Considering data arrival from multiple UAV member nodes at each UAV head, the first come first served (FCFS) queuing model is introduced when the UAV head processes tasks from members. Second, the hierarchical offloading delay minimization problem is formulated as a multi‐leader multi‐follower Stackelberg game. The existence of a Stackelberg equilibrium (SE) is proved by showing that multi‐leader subgame and multi‐follower subgame are exact potential games (EPGs) with Nash equilibrium (NE). We design a best response‐based hierarchical iterative offloading algorithm to solve SE. Finally, the simulation results show that the performance of the proposed scheme is better than that of other benchmark methods and the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the total delay for all UAV members.

Non-State Actor's Strategy in Advocating the Movement to Reject Development Policy

Geothermal is one of the potential renewable energy sources in Indonesia. This great potential makes the government try to develop geothermal energy development, one of which is in Mount Talang. However, the development received a rejection from the community, including non-state actors. This study looks at the strategy of the YLBHI Padang Legal Aid Institute in advocating the movement against the construction of geothermal energy-powered power plants. The studying conducted for 6 (six) months. This research design uses qualitative methods. The data sources we collect are interview data, observation results, official texts or policies, journal articles, websites on the internet, newspapers, social media, and youtube. The advocacy strategies carried out by LBH YLBHI Padang are; understanding strategic issues, building opinions and facts to the public, building coalition networks with civil society such as local communities, NGOs, students, national networks, and academics, designing goals and strategies as well as monitor and assess movements. The result of the advocacy carried out by LBH YLBHI Padang was the "temporary" suspension of constructing a geothermal energy power plant in Mount Talang. This research ends with research recommendations such as the need for inclusive stakeholder involvement in the formulation of development policies and 2) the need to grow civil society in the regions to become non-structural control for the government.

Male Barbary macaques choose loyal coalition partners which may increase their coalition network betweenness

AbstractReciprocity in the form of contingent exchanges of goods and services is widespread across animals. While there is ample evidence for helping to be contingent upon the help received from a partner, less attention has been paid to partner avoidance based on harm inflicted by a partner. Here, we investigated whether partner choice for agonistic support against powerful targets is guided by loyalty received, i.e., the tendency to refrain from attacking the subject in a coalition with any third partner. We further assessed whether loyalty received by all cooperation partners may generate increased levels of betweenness in the coalition network of a group, a measure of indirect connectedness that has previously been associated with fitness benefits. Based on observational data from male coalitions against male group mates in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus), loyalty received was found to predict the frequency of cooperation in coalitions and the loyalty given to a partner. We propose that loyalty‐guided reciprocity will be favored in species with rank‐changing coalitions where defection is particularly risky. The more loyal a male's cooperation partners were, the more central he was in the coalition network in terms of higher in betweenness, suggesting a cognitively simple strategy underlying complex network positioning. Analyses of simulated data suggest strong correlations of loyalty and betweenness to be more prevalent in the relatively small groups characteristic of many primate species.

‘Green future’ versus ‘Planetary boundaries’? Evolving online discourse coalitions in European bioeconomy conflicts

The European Commission is pursuing a circular bioeconomy to tackle pressing sustainability challenges, such as climate change and fossil dependency. Previous bioeconomy policy studies demonstrated the existence of competing bioeconomy discourses in the European Union. However, it remains nebulous how such discursive conflicts emerge and change, particularly in online settings. In this paper, we provide a more in-depth analysis of how argumentative changes of actors alter the network of online dynamic discourse coalitions. We base our findings on interviews and a qualitative discourse network analysis of 9983 tweets about European Union bioeconomy policies from the period 2008–2021. Our results indicate that initially, expert debates centred around storylines on bioeconomy advantages. After the 2012 Bioeconomy Strategy, the debate diversified with the entry of new actors and storylines. Two discourse coalitions, ‘Green future’ and ‘Planetary boundaries’, emerged around conflicting storyline clusters. In the aftermath of the 2018 Bioeconomy Strategy update, the debate simplified into core argumentations of few, highly conflicting storylines, leading to a polarization of the two discourse coalitions. Storyline hijacking further added to polarization and conflict. Understanding the evolution of online dynamic discourse coalitions provides new opportunities for practitioners to open up discourses towards storylines from other parts of the discourse network. This can help to prevent locking-in the limited range of solutions in congruence with the dominant ‘Green future’ discourse.

Shapley Value-Based Computation Offloading for Edge Computing

For wireless communications and the Internet of Things, edge computing has emerged as the potential solution to meet users' demand of fast communications and effective computation by allocating computing resources closer to users and tasks, and then reducing the process time and avoiding the transmission of huge amount of data. However, to achieve the potential of edge computing, an effective computation offloading scheme is a key issue needed to be addressed, because it determines how efficient the computing resource allocation and the whole network performance are. Toward providing a solution to such an important issue, this paper formulates the offloading problem as a cooperation game problem about how to share the reasonably adjacent computing resource to users to form an efficient coalition network for the best performance, and then proposes a Shapley value-based computation offloading approach. The proposed approach includes three main steps: Firstly, following the principle of edge computing (users to be close to resources) and reducing the complexity, a clustering algorithm is proposed to divide the whole network into clusters and each cluster has one edge node. Then the non-linear programming is implemented in each cluster and neighboring two or three clusters respectively to obtain the delay values and task allocation results. Finally, to check whether cooperation and coalition among neighboring clusters can bring better network performance, Shapley value is used to evaluate whether combining neighboring clusters in edge computing for the first time. The objective values obtained from the non-linear programming are used to evaluate the profit of different coalitions, which are used to compute Shapley values to determine the final best coalitions between clusters. The numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Tell Me Who Is Your Friend

Relying on the fear of the nuclear Armageddon rids Russia’s strategy of the safety factor. Its military alliance with China and a network of informal contra-sanctions coalitions would give it flexibility in its confrontation with the West.

Influence of E-governance and digitalisation in empowering Indian healthcare sector: A comprehensive review

In the subsequent years of COVID-19, the healthcare sector has seen a significant innovation and advancement. It has grown leaps and bounds and seen a lot of changes. Due to its financial strength and competent management, the private sector of the Indian economy is playing a significant influence in this regard. The development of coalition networks from the bottom up is considered to have been fostered by the many forces of globalisation and ICT, particularly the internet, which connected the global and local processes and effectively muddled the traditional roles assigned to the actors in the network. The usage of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the public sector to improve its services and operations. It is considered as a solution to a plethora of problems in serving the constituencies in a faster and efficient manner. Furthermore, ICT offers an opportunity for improvement in public service delivery and most administrative best practices build upon the process redesign and convergence which is brought about by ICT. It enables transformational changes rather than a technical change. ICT enabled e-governance enables integration of government processes and communication with a real time status tracking feature. The research paper's comprehensive evidence collection is gathered from secondary sources, which were collected by reviewing, government department’s websites and several research articles from journals, magazines and books. Further, attempts have been made to identify the various E-governance initiates of Government of India in healthcare sector and its benefits to the stack holders. The main objectives of the study is to. Ascertain the influence of E-Governance Initiatives in Heath Care Sector in India, study the various E-Governance Initiatives of government in healthcare sector and also to identify the challenges of E-Governance by Healthcare sector. The present research paper tries to give few suggestions to the stack holders like, To address the issues associated to digital usages, the authorities can create strategic alliances among various groups and also Applications for e-government may be used by central health agencies Government agencies can encourage collaborations between the public and corporate sectors, as well as between donors and civil society.

İran: ulusal direniş bağlamında nükleer eşik devleti olmak

For almost four decades, Iran's foreign policy rhetoric and actions have drawn the attention of the international community. Iran acquired a leadership role in the advocacy of oppressed people against oppressors after the 1979 Revolution. In this direction, it has exhibited two-pronged foreign policy behaviour over the years. One is the axis of resistance politics, and the second is the advancement of a nuclear program. The Iranian-led coalition network known as the ‘Axis of Resistance’ includes Shiite paramilitary groups in Iraq, the Syrian Ba'ath regime, Palestinian resistance organizations, and Hezbollah in Lebanon. Since the USA adopted the 'Axis of Evil’ rhetoric against Iran in 2002, Iran has simultaneously deepened its relations with the axis of resistance in the face of this pressure and has advanced its nuclear activities, which has transformed it into a nuclear threshold state. In this article, we argue that these two main foreign policy activities are inseparable and they are ultimately the consequence of Iran's adopted national role, i.e., the leader of the oppressed. Therefore, we discuss that with its resistance to the pressures relevant to the nuclear program, Iran intends to give a clear message to the proxies on the axis of resistance. We applied role theory on the relationship between the axis of resistance concept and nuclear policy to contribute to the prominent foreign policy debates over Iran's two inseparable foreign policy behaviours.

Sino-US Competition and the Emerging Network of Liberal Coalitions

As it witnesses rising China’s assertive diplomacy and growing military might, Washington is seeking to restrain Beijing’s economic growth and technological development. The Biden administration’s digital-liberal coalition initiative resonates with liberal states which have growing concerns about democratic backsliding all over the world and China’s undue influence on other countries’ domestic politics and civil society. The United States and its liberal allies are increasingly likely to cooperate in technological innovation, the development of standards and norms, and the protection of human rights, resisting this authoritarian threat to their interests and values. However, it is unclear whether and how China will adjust its foreignpolicy strategy and which option non-liberal and/or developing states will prefer in this uncertain era of Sino-US order competition in global politics.

Tracing coalition changes in knowledge in and engagement with childhood obesity prevention to improve intervention implementation

BackgroundWhile most coalition research focuses on studying the effects of peer relationship structure, this study examines the coevolution of coalition structure and behavior across three communities in the U.S. with the goal of identifying coalition dynamics that impact a childhood obesity prevention intervention. MethodsOver two years (2018–2020), three communities within the U.S. participated in a childhood obesity prevention intervention at different times. This intervention was guided by the Stakeholder-Driven Community Diffusion theory, which describes an empirically testable mechanism for promoting community change. Measures are part of the Stakeholder-driven Community Diffusion (SDCD) survey with demonstrated reliability, which include knowledge of and engagement with childhood obesity prevention and social networks. Data from three coalition-committees and their respective networks were used to build three different stochastic actor-oriented models. These models were used to examine the coevolution of coalition structure with coalition behavior (defined a priori as knowledge of and engagement with obesity prevention) among coalition-committee members and their nominated alters (Network A) and coalition-committee members only (Network B). ResultsOverall, coalitions decrease in size and their structure becomes less dense over time. Both Network A and B show a consistent preference to form and sustain ties with those who have more ties. In Network B, there was a trend for those who have higher knowledge scores to increase their number of ties over time. The same trend appeared in Network A but varied based on their peers’ knowledge in and engagement with childhood obesity prevention. Across models, engagement with childhood obesity prevention research was not a significant driver of changes in either coalition network structure or knowledge.ConclusionsThe trends in coalition Network A and B’s coevolution models may point to context-specific features (e.g., ties among stakeholders) that can be leveraged for better intervention implementation. To that end, examining tie density, average path length, network diameter, and the dynamics of each behavior outcome (i.e., knowledge in and engagement with childhood obesity prevention) may help tailor whole-of-community interventions. Future research should attend to additional behavioral variables (e.g., group efficacy) that can capture other aspects of coalition development and that influence implementation, and to testing the efficacy of network interventions after trends have been identified.

Coalition Networks for the Green New Deal: Nonprofit Public Policy Advocacy in the Age of Social Media

Social media is an important tool for nonprofit public policy advocacy. To help nonprofits effectively utilize social media in advocacy efforts, this study proposes a measurement framework of social media social capital based on social networks. Specifically, in this study, we examine the relationships between social media capital and symbolic, political capital on social media. We study how a group of nonprofits utilizes Twitter to advocate for the Green New Deal and their interaction with politicians, activists, and publics on social media during the 2019 presidential primaries. Our analysis shows that different dimensions of social media capital significantly influence nonprofits’ social media-based symbolic capital and political capital.

P025 Alabama Campus Coalition for Basic Needs Engage Assessment: Key Findings for the Development of Campus Food Security Coalitions

<h3>Background</h3> Recent data indicate between 9-50 percent of college students lack consistent access to adequate, nutritious foods, also known as food insecurity, at some point in their college experience. The Alabama Campus Coalition for Basic Needs (ACCBN) is a network of college and university campus coalitions seeking to address college student food insecurity. ACCBN aims to develop and expand campus-specific strategies to reduce student hunger; provide technical assistance for campus coalitions; and create opportunities for networking among participating colleges and universities. <h3>Objective</h3> The ACCBN Engage Assessment aimed to determine best practices of engagement and collaborative efforts within campus coalitions. <h3>Study Design, Settings, and Participants</h3> A mixed-methods design was utilized for this study. Campus coalition representatives from two- and four-year institutions were recruited to participate in an online survey followed by a virtual, semi-structured interview. <h3>Measurable/Outcome Analysis</h3> Representatives completed an online survey on coalition structures, processes, and development based on two validated surveys: Coalition Effectiveness Inventory and Level of Collaboration Scale. Afterwards, representatives participated in a semi-structured interview with questions aimed at elaborating upon survey responses. Data from the survey and interviews were analyzed using descriptive analyses and thematic coding, respectively. <h3>Results</h3> Results from the study offer practical applications and best practices for building and maintaining campus coalitions, including the recruitment of key members, support of administration, and use of technology in coalition building and maintenance. Additionally, findings offer insight into challenges of providing campus-based food aid resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The ACCBN Engage Assessment provides valuable information for institutions seeking to build a campus-based food security coalition. Future studies should evaluate the impact of engagement and collaborative efforts on student food security status. <h3>Funding</h3> None

506 Connections IN Health: A Model for Coalition Building?

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Participants will learn about the Connections IN Health partnership. Participants will learn about the mixed-methods, multi-level evaluation model used to evaluate health coalitions. Participants will learn about how the Connections IN Health partnership promoted coalition growth among Indiana chronic disease coalitions. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Chronic disease coalitions under the Connections IN Health (CINH) partnership were evaluated using a novel mixed-methods, multi-level evaluation framework that triangulates coalition functioning and effectiveness (F/E) surveys, social network analysis (SNA), and health data. F/E and SNA surveys were distributed to active coalition members of the chronic disease coalitions before, 1 year, and 2 years after CINH was implemented. F/E data was analyzed to detect significant changes in coalition members’ perceptions of coalition functioning and effectiveness using unpaired, two sample t-tests in R. SNA data was analyzed to detect changes in partnership networks over time, such as membership growth and strength of connections using R software. County-level health data will be evaluated at year 5. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The results of our longitudinal analysis of perceptions of functioning and effectiveness demonstrated significant increases in perceived leadership, satisfaction with the coalition, outcome efficacy, and members’ commitment to the coalition after Connections IN Health (CINH) was implemented. Social network analysis (SNA) demonstrated growth of coalition membership and strength of connections over time, including health information sharing, formal relationships, trust, and communication. SNA results also demonstrated increases in centralization and clustering among local vs. statewide organizations in coalition networks over time. Results were shared back with coalition members to make data-driven decisions about future coalition processes and functioning. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Health coalitions are a nationally recognized vehicle to promote and translate evidence-based practices to communities; however, evidence to support their effectiveness is limited at best. Our results provide evidence of CINH’s efficacy and identifies factors required to build effective and sustainable health coalitions.

Efforts by the National Alliance for Caregiving

The National Alliance for Caregiving (NAC) conducts research, does policy analysis, develops national best-practice programs, and works to increase public awareness of family caregiving issues. In addition to national research and advocacy, NAC provides technical assistance to a national network of caregiving coalitions representing nearly 30 states. NAC recognizes that family caregivers provide important societal and financial contributions toward maintaining the well-being of those in their care. The need to support the nation’s nearly 53 million family caregivers and sustain them as the backbone of our chronic and long-term care system is a central issue in national and state efforts to reform healthcare, especially in light of the challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. This presentation will provide information on the current status of these national and state efforts.

The Policy Networks of the Korean International Migration Policy: Using Social Network Analysis

This research adds value to the extant international migration policy studies by placing a greater focus on the ‘processes’ of the Korean international migration policy changes. Specifically, this study pays special attention to policy networks in the process of adopting ing the Employment Permit System for Foreigners (EPSF), one of the most important policy changes in Korean international migration policy history. On the basis of the Advocacy Coalition Framework, this research examines the policy network structure that describes the relationships between policy actors at network levels. The results found that the communication network is more hierarchical than the relational network at the global network level, a government-led advocacy coalition was influential in advocating EPSF at the coalition network, and the coordinating role of policy actors such as Office for Government Policy Coordination and New Millennium Democratic Party was significant in the policy process at the egocentric network level.