Coal Slurry Pipelines Research Articles

Tracing the technological trajectory of coal slurry pipeline transportation technology: An HMM-based topic modeling approach

Coal slurry pipeline transportation is an important way to realize green coal logistics. However, there are still challenges in understanding the cognitive aspects of coal slurry pipeline transportation technology development trajectory. This study attempts to trace and predict the technology trend from patent texts through the stochastic process analysis of topic evolution. It helps understand the challenges in the development process of coal slurry pipeline transportation technology. And capture trends and development characteristics of the technology to improve research and development (R&D) efficiency and sustainability. As a result, this study extracts potential technology topics from patent text by using the Latent Dirichlet Distribution method. Then, a Word2vec-based topic word vector model is applied to calculate the cosine similarity between topics. And the HMM-based topic evolution trend model is constructed by introducing the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) which can portray a dual stochastic process. Finally, it is used to analyze and predict trends in the technological evolution of this field. It was found that the advancement of technology related to pulping is fundamental to promoting the development of coal slurry pipeline transportation technology, which is also a common research topic. Finally, technologies related to pipeline transportation capacity enhancement and the industrial application of coal slurry will be the focus of future R&D in this field with broad research and application prospects. This study is intended to provide directions for sustainable R&D activities in coal slurry pipeline transportation technology, facilitate interdisciplinary discussions, and provide objective data for future decisions making for scientists and R&D managers in this field.

Coal slurry pipelines: A coal transportation method in Kalimantan, Indonesia

ABTSRACT This study identifies the potential economic advantages and environmental/social aspects of three different scenarios for coal slurry pipelines as an alternative to current truck haulage system in a mine in Indonesia. The developed financial model indicates that the trucks system still gives higher economic benefit compared to the three slurry pipeline scenarios tested. Nevertheless, the study results argue that there can generally be economic and environmental advantages when using coal slurry pipelines as an alternative transportation system in other countries. Hence, this study serves as a comparative analysis for when considering alternative coal transportation methods, taking into account diverse parameters.

Failure analysis of coal bottom ash slurry pipeline in thermal power plant

Abstract This paper presents the case study of failure analysis of coal ash slurry handling pipeline used in the thermal power plant. The failure was identified at the bottom portion of the pipeline. Cracks (Hole) and deep pits were observed at the bottom inner surface of the pipeline. Visual examination, dimensional analysis, SEM and EDS analysis of failure pipeline was done in the present failure case. Also, coal bottom ash was analysed using particle size and weight analysis, ultimate, proximate, SEM, EDS and solid concentration analysis for the present failure case. The analysis results have shown that the failure occurs due to the coal ash solid particle impact and deposited corrosion at the inner bottom surface of the pipeline i.e. solid particle slurry erosion wear. The slurry pipeline was made of mild steel.

Studies on the role of HVOF coatings to combat erosion in turbine alloys

Erosive wear is caused by the action of sliding or impact of solids, liquids, gases or the combination of these. Solid particle erosion is an important material degradation mechanism encountered in a number of engineering systems such as gas turbine engines, thermal power plants, coal slurry pipe lines. Erosive action results from the impact of particulates, such as coal ash, dolomite and un-burnt carbon particles on the surface of turbine. Super alloys developed for high temperature applications suffer from the drawback that the strength and the erosion-corrosion resistance at high temperature exhibited are poor. To improve the resistance property, one way would be the use of coatings on the super alloy component. Coatings take care of the problems related to erosion whereas the super alloys take care of the requirement of strength at elevated temperature. Various coatings have been highly attractive; however, High Velocity Oxy-fuel (HVOF) process, a family of thermal spray techniques uses kinetic energy of the burnt gases to soften and to propel the spray powder producing dense very low porosity, good inter-particle cohesion and well bonded coatings. In the present study successful attempts have been made to spray Stellite-6, 10%Al2O3+90%CoCrAlTaY and 25%Cr3C2-20(Ni-Cr)+75%NiCrAlY on three kinds of turbine alloys, namely Ti-6Al-4V, Co-based super alloy (Super co 605) and Fe-based special steel (MDN121).Microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings have been characterized. Erosion tests for different conditions using Air-jet erosion test rig for different impingement angles have been studied in detail. From these studies it is observed that satellite-6 coating exhibits lower erosive rate compared to other two coating materials. The morphology of the eroded surface shows craters, groove formation in the binder matrix and carbide pull-out as the existing erosion mechanism. Higher erosion loss is observed for Al2O3+CoCrAlTaY coating.

Pressure Prediction of Coal Slurry Transportation Pipeline Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Kernel Function Extreme Learning Machine

For coal slurry pipeline blockage prediction problem, through the analysis of actual scene, it is determined that the pressure prediction from each measuring point is the premise of pipeline blockage prediction. Kernel function of support vector machine is introduced into extreme learning machine, the parameters are optimized by particle swarm algorithm, and blockage prediction method based on particle swarm optimization kernel function extreme learning machine (PSOKELM) is put forward. The actual test data from HuangLing coal gangue power plant are used for simulation experiments and compared with support vector machine prediction model optimized by particle swarm algorithm (PSOSVM) and kernel function extreme learning machine prediction model (KELM). The results prove that mean square error (MSE) for the prediction model based on PSOKELM is 0.0038 and the correlation coefficient is 0.9955, which is superior to prediction model based on PSOSVM in speed and accuracy and superior to KELM prediction model in accuracy.

Hopi Film, the Indigenous Aesthetic and Environmental Justice: Victor Masayesva Jr.'sPaatuwaqatsi – Water, Land and Life

Since the early 1980s, the Hopi filmmaker and photographer Victor Masayesva Jr. has played an influential role in Native American multimedia production in the United States. This article examines Masayesva's filmPaatuwaqatsi: Water, Land and Life(2007), which documents a 1,650-mile run made by Hopis from their home villages in Northern Arizona to Mexico City in early 2006. The run marked the closure of the Mohave Generating Station in southern Nevada and the Black Mesa coal mine which fuelled the power plant. It also celebrated the shutting down of the controversial coal slurry pipeline between the plant and mine that required for its operation the pumping of 1.2 billion gallons of pristine water annually from the Navajo Aquifer, which lies under the homelands of the Hopi and Navajo nations. The article explains how Hopis' affective relationship with place is put into action through the acts of running, prayer and personal sacrifice. It reviews Masayesva’s filmmaking career to date and considers his core idea of the indigenous aesthetic, a set of principles that has guided the practical decisions and artistic choices he has made in the course of over thirty years' working as an independent media producer. After a close analysis of selected scenes inPaatuwaqatsi, the article concludes by noting, first, how the film negotiates internal divisions within Hopi society over development and environmental issues and, second, how it engages the impact of continuing drought and ongoing climate change on the American Southwest.

The Proposed Virginia Coal Slurry Pipeline And Its Employment Effects On The Railroad Industry

This study uses estimated price elasticity of coal to compute the potential employment effects of a coal slurry pipeline. Our conclusion is that a $5 per ton decrease in coal price due to a slurry pipeline will cause an approximately 6.74 million tons of reduction of shipment from railroads. This will cost the railroad industry approximately 440 jobs. The feasibility study of coal slurry is desirable because it produces new jobs and reduces prices for consumers.

Heavy media coal hydro-transport in Malinau, Indonesia: a process study

In Indonesia, coal transportation has traditionally been handled by trucks and by other mechanical means. With the expansion plan of coal production and increasing truck costs, Kayan Putra Utama Coal believes that alternative modes of transportation must be considered. For long distance transport of export size coal, one of the most viable options is to use coal slurry pipeline. This paper compares the technical issues involved in all coal pipeline options. Economic analysis compares the cost of transporting coal from the mines to ports by the best option of coal slurry pipeline or truck. On the basis of these comparisons, recommendations are made on how coal slurry pipeline can help in achieving proposed increased production targets and decreasing the operation's export coal transportation costs.

00/01211 Hydraulic behavior of coal log in coal slurry pipeline

00/01211 Hydraulic behavior of coal log in coal slurry pipeline

00/01210 Coal slurry pipeline based Midwest fuel hub

00/01210 Coal slurry pipeline based Midwest fuel hub

00/00033 Coal slurry pipeline based Midwest fuel hub

00/00033 Coal slurry pipeline based Midwest fuel hub

CWM: Its Past, Present and Future

Moderately loaded CWM started in the USSR in the 1950's as a means of transporting coal, and there is one operating long distance coal-slurry pipeline at present in the United States. Highly loaded CWM based on bituminous coal was developed in Asia. Europe and the United States after the second oil shock in 1978 and it is now ready for commercial use. Because of the stabilization of oil prices at low levels after the reverse oil shock in 1986, the CWM market has been retarded. High concentration slurries of other types of coal, such as sub-bituminous coal, brown coal and petroleum coke are still under development and in the demonstration stage in Australia, Japan and the United States.

Economics of coal log pipeline for transporting coal

This economic study was conducted to compare the cost of transporting coal from mines to power plants by coal log pipeline with other modes of transportation including truck, rail and coal slurry pipeline. Unit cost is defined here as the cost of transporting a metric ton of coal for any prescribed distance in $/T (dollars per metric ton), and it includes not only capital and operational costs, but also a built-in profit for the investor. The unit cost of coal log pipeline can be compared with the current tariffs for coal transportation charged by railroads, trucks and other competing modes to determine whether it is economically competitive in a given situation. The study was conducted for different transportation distances and throughputs. Based on this comparison, the conditions are established under which coal log pipeline is more economical than slurry pipeline, truck and train.

97/03652 Economics of alternative coal slurry pipeline concepts

With renewed interest in coal slurry pipelines in China, Indonesia, Australia and Canada for electric generation, it appears worthwhile to update the relative economics of transporting coal by slurry pipeline. Three slurry pipeline technologies are evaluated for the commercial transportation of 3.0, 6.0, and 9.0 million tonnes per year (MMTA) example cases, over distances of 250 km, 500 km and 1000 km. The three methods investigated in this report are: (1) Conventional concentration and size-consist slurry, as used on the Consolidation Coal and Black Mesa slurry pipelines, and evaluated extensively in the ETSI program. (2) Stabilized slurry, finer and of higher density than conventional slurry - but without substantial additives - tested on a commercial scale in the Consolidation Coal pipeline. (3) High density coal slurry, referred to in this report as coal water mixture (CWM), which has been tested in pilot plants and the commercial Belovo-Novosibirsk pipeline. A sensitivity analysis was carried out for each alternative to determine the effect of pipeline capacity and distance on delivered costs. A brief summary for the 6.0 million tonnes per year, 500 km pipeline system is shown. The comparison of the delivered products, with their respective heat penalties on boiler efficiency ismore » also shown.« less

Corrosion‐erosion behaviour of steel‐1, steel‐2, cast iron and polyurethane lined pipes for handling sand in mines

Transportation of solids by slurry pipeline is a rapidly growing field. The pipelines, in the process of transportation undergo severe deterioration externally as well as internally. Corrosion‐erosion, metal damage caused by the combined action of electrocemical corrosion and mechanical erosion, has been studied extensively. In hydraulic transportation of sand, internal wear is caused by combined action of corrosion, associated with the corrosive water, the flow velocity and abrasion due to geometry of the solid particles on the interior pipe wall. Corrosion in slurry pipeline is generally due to the presence of dissolved oxygen in the slurry. The control of corrosion wear in a coal slurry pipeline is reported by Bomberger. The corrosion study by Postlethwaite and Tinkler showed that the presence of solids in commercial concentration increases the rate of corrosion in pipelines. The most common erosion occurred generally is the scratching or grooving of the pipe by the slurry particles. An erosion‐corrosion study in pilot plant slurry transportation in pipeline carrying wide range of water borne solids such as coal, iron ore and sand have shown that the presence of solids increases the chemical corrosion rate, apart from any accompanying erosion. It was also observed that due to severe corrosion‐erosion problem in pipeline, even a pinhole in such a line would be enlarged gradually in a matter of minutes by the out flow of high pressure abrasive slurry. Jacues and Neil had given an account of the causes, control and the economics of internal corrosion of slurry pipelines Zabell et. al. had studied the effect of bacteria using six different processes on corrosion of iron and the steel water pipes. The copper pipe line had been specially studied by Fischer and few others in various environments.

Interior Department Lacked Authority

In a dispute over withdrawal of water from Lake Oahe for use in a coal slurry pipeline, the US Supreme Court ruled that the Secretary of the Interior did not have the authority to unilaterally remove water from the Army reservoir without the approval of the Secretary of the Army.

A comparison of coal-water slurry pipeline systems

Coal-water slurry pipeline systems are in various stages of development and exhibit many similarities, but they also have several unique characteristics. Existing and proposed systems range from conventional coarse- and fine-coal slurry pipeline media to the stabilized flow and coal-water mixture slurries that are under development. The roles planned for the coal being burned and the coal slurry pipeline, combined with the advantages and disadvantages of the alternative systems, tend to determine which system is most applicable for a particular use. Principal selection criteria include transport distance, water requirements, cost, and end use. Conventional coarse-coal slurries are best suited to very short-distance applications, where low water use is possible through closed-loop operation. Conventional fine-coal slurries generally require greater preparation and dewatering costs but can be transported great distances. These two systems offer excellent opportunities for rapid implementation because they have been tested on a full-scale basis. Use of the stabilized-flow system offers opportunities for domestic combustion and export because it is cheaper than coal-water mixtures. Coal-water mixtures provide the unique capability to displace oil use in oil-fired boilers. The coal-water pipeline systems for stabilized-flow and coal-water mixtures have not yet been tested on a large-scale basis.

Microbial Desulfurization of Coals in a Slurry Pipeline Reactor Using. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans

Microbial desulfurization of Illinois #6 and Indiana #3 bituminous coal having a total sulfur content of 2 to 8% has been investigated using acidophilic microorganism, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, in laboratory shake flash experiments and in a two-inch pipeline loop. The results indicate that about 80 to 85% pyritic sulfur removal was achieved with 10 to 25% coal/water slurry recirculated at 6-7 ft/sec at room temperature in 7 to 14 days. The experimental conditions have been optimized for maximum desulfurization. Results from this study show that the rates of bacterial desulfurization from coal samples are higher in the pipeline loop under turbulent flow conditions as compared to the shake-flask experiments for particle sizes ranging from 43 to 200 mum. It is visualized that the proposed coal slurry pipelines could be used as biological plug flow reactors under aerobic conditions. The laboratory corrosion studies under dynamic test conditions show that use of a corrosion inhibitor will limit the pipeline corrosion rate to acceptable levels.

Exporting Colorado Water in Coal Slurry Pipelines

The San Marco Pipeline Company has proposed a 1,000-mile (1,610-km) pipeline system to move coal slurry from southeastern Colorado to several electrical generating plants in the Texas Gulf Coast area. This area of Colorado is experiencing severe water shortage problems due to the large amount of water used for irrigation. Colorado statutes restrict the diversion of both surface and ground water for out-of-state use unless such water is credited to interstate compacts. Water has been found by the courts to be a commodity or article of commerce, therefore, subject to federal constitutional scrutiny under the commerce clause. The constitutionality of Colorado’s statutes depend upon the nature of the restrictions imposed, severity of the burden created, and the local purposes served by the statutes. Statutes will be upheld only where they incidentally burden or discriminate against interstate commerce. States may impose severe restrictions on diverting water for out-of-state uses provided the same type of restrictions are imposed on instate use.

Reaffirming the Importance of Strategic Use

Focusing exclusively on the substantive use of policy analysis results in a limited assessment of the role of analysis in policymaking, particularly in a congressional setting. This article develops a two-dimensional perspective on use, incorporating a substantive-strategic dimension as well as a concrete-conceptual dimension. The importance of this perspective is demonstrated through an analysis of congressional use of two projects produced by the congressional Office of Technology Assessment, one on coal slurry pipelines and the other on residential energy conservation. Results indicate both the existence of substantive use and the importance of more strategic uses.