Coal Pollution Research Articles

The effects of the clean air actions on the Beautiful China initiative: The regional heterogeneity analysis

Improving air quality is one of the most important tasks of the Beautiful China initiative. Learning the air pollution situation and the effects of the clean air actions (CAAs) of China is meaningful for controlling the air pollution. Due to the diversity of air pollution, BTH, YRD and PRD were studied as the key areas, the regional pollution characteristics were analyzed firstly, and the correlation and heterogeneity of regions were studied by correlation coefficient method and the Theil index model. Moreover, the synergies in reducing pollution and carbon dioxide were also considered of the three regions. The air pollution of the three regions was imbalanced. O3 pollution has became widespread appearance since 2014, and from 2013 to 2016, PM2.5 pollution differences of the three regions has been narrowing. The scattered and dirty pollution control, comprehensive treatment of scattered coal pollution and clean heating made the BTH region have better synergistic effect of pollution control and carbon reduction. The collaborative control of O3 have more impacts on pollution control and carbon reduction. By analyzing, the most practical measures to improve the air pollution could be concluded in the different regions which would help the Beautiful China initiative of the regions.

Health benefits to the pediatric population from reduction of ambient particulate matter in Krakow, Poland

There have been few assessments of the health benefits to children of policies aimed at curbing fossil fuel-related air pollution. This has resulted in a lack of awareness regarding their positive impact on the health of this vulnerable population. We estimated the pediatric health benefits of policies targeting coal burning in one of Europe’s most polluted cities, Kraków, Poland. We combined available data on child health outcomes, related concentration-response functions, childhood population counts, and concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 based on city-wide air monitoring in Kraków. Two exposure reduction scenarios were examined. First, we used the observed decrease in air pollutant concentrations between 2010 and 2019. Second, we hypothesized a reduction to the annual World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guideline values issued in 2005. Between 2010 and 2019, the mean annual air pollution levels in Kraków decreased for both PM2.5 and PM10. Annual average PM2.5 concentrations declined by 39.1%, reaching 23.3 μg m−3; PM10 dropped by 39.2% to 34.6 μg m−3. These reductions in air pollution can be linked to numerous actions undertaken at local and national levels. We estimate that the forgone benefits in 2010 from not having achieved the PM levels observed in 2019 (on an annual basis) included: 505 (35.7%) fewer incident cases of asthma in the 1–14 age group, 81 fewer preterm births (16.8% decrease), 52 fewer cases of low birth weight (12.3% decrease), and 59 avoided asthma hospitalizations in 0–18 year olds. Compliance with the 2005 WHO PM2.5 guidelines in 2010 would have avoided 780 incident asthma cases in the 1–14 age group (54.5% decrease), 138 preterm births (28.3% decrease), and 90 cases of low birth weight (21.2% reduction) and 219 (54.2%) fewer asthma hospitalizations in 0–18 year olds. Large health benefits were also estimated for PM10 in both scenarios. This study estimated substantial health benefits for children in Kraków, which were largely attributable to clean air policies that restrict the use of coal and other solid fuels. Kraków provides a model for other cities in Europe and beyond that are affected by coal pollution and have high rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, and respiratory illness.

The micropolitics of coal in India: understanding resource politics from the ground up through a materiality lens

ABSTRACT Coal in India carries different values and meanings for different actors. Consequently, the politics of this resource is manifested in multiple forms at multiple levels. Whereas the extraction of coal is accomplished by a larger resource politics involving an energy crisis narrative and a need to ensure national resource security, people at the grassroots level – workers, security forces, the displaced, administrators, mine planners, and a wide range of other actors – engage primarily with the micropolitics of coal. In this paper, we draw on new materialities literature in human geography to demonstrate that the everyday micropolitics of coal in the eastern Indian state Jharkhand is more than a subset of national or regional resource politics. In doing so, we analyse four vignettes through a materiality lens based on the land use, weight, pollution, and heat of coal. We use ethnographic methods to untangle everyday and long-term micropolitical trajectories related to coal extraction. We show the fluid and often interchangeable and overlapping roles of actors at the coal face: revolutionary groups striving to become mining contractors, contractors working as politicians to mediate claims, and politicians assuming the role of revolutionaries. Meanwhile coalfield residents make moral claims of indigeneity to gain a share of the resource, or eke out informal, coal-based livelihoods. In this fluid setting, the actors in the micropolitics of coal are influenced by outside forces to varying degrees, and are yet able to reimagine resource politics to their own advantage.

Using side-scan sonar and sediment sampling to identify concentrated areas of coal ash within a recreational lake

Backstrom JT, Burdette KM, Connell PM. 2024. Using side-scan sonar and sediment sampling to identify concentrated areas of coal ash within a recreational lake. Lake Reserv Manage. 40:36–42. Coal ash is a globally recognized legacy pollutant associated with coal-powered electricity generating stations, containing numerous heavy metals. These include arsenic, mercury, selenium, and cadmium, which are known to cause significant impacts on aqueous and benthic environments. In this pilot study, side-scan sonar surveys, coupled with sediment sampling and chemical analysis, were used to map and identify areas of contaminated coal ash in and around Sutton Lake, a recreational waterbody located adjacent to the Sutton coal-fired power plant, near Wilmington, North Carolina. Preliminary results are promising with this innovative and cost-effective survey method of mapping and locating legacy coal pollution, which may ultimately assist with monitoring, management, and remediation of coal ash waste locally and nationally.

Abstract 061: Identification of Proteins Predictive of Post‐Thrombectomy Outcome Based on an Appalachian vs. Non‐Appalachian Cohort

Introduction The Appalachia region of North America is known to have significant health disparities, specifically, worse risk factors and outcomes for stroke. Appalachians are more likely to have comorbidities related to stroke, such as diabetes, obesity, and tobacco use, and are often less likely to have stroke interventions such as mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO). As our Comprehensive Stroke Center directly serves stroke subjects from both Appalachian and non‐Appalachian areas, we set out to identify proteomic biomarkers predictive of stroke outcomes specific to subjects residing in Appalachia. Methods Eighty‐one subjects met inclusion criteria for this study. These subjects underwent MT for ELVO, and during the procedure, carotid arterial blood samples were acquired and subsequently sent for proteomic analysis. Samples were processed in accordance with the Blood And Clot Thrombectomy Registry And Collaboration (BACTRAC; clinicaltrials.gov; NCT 03153683). Statistical analyses were utilized to examine whether relationships between protein expression and outcomes differed by Appalachian status for functional outcomes (NIH Stroke Scale; NIHSS and Modified Rankin Score; mRS), cognitive outcomes (Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MoCA), and mortality. Results No significant differences were found in demographic data nor co‐morbidities when comparing Appalachia to non‐Appalachia subjects. However, time from stroke onset to treatment (last known normal) was significantly longer in patients from Appalachia, so this datapoint was entered as a co‐variate in all predictive models. A comprehensive analysis of 184 cardiometabolic and inflammatory proteins revealed seven Appalachia‐specific proteins predictive of NIHSS, fourteen predictive of MoCA, six predictive of mRS, and seven proteins related to mortality. Specifically, within the Appalachian group, the protein multiple epidermal growth factor‐like domains protein 9 (MEGF9) was positively correlated to discharge NIHSS, elevated levels of the proteins coagulation factor XI (F11) and mannose binding protein (MBL2) were found to have an increased likelihood of worse mRS, but there were no proteins identified from the Appalachian cohort that were predictive of worse MoCA score, nor worse mortality. Conclusion Appalachia is an underserved population with significantly worse health disparities, specifically related to ischemic stroke. Our study found that patients who presented from Appalachian regions have a different proteomic response at time of MT when compared to otherwise similar subjects presenting from non‐Appalachian communities. These differentially expressed proteins could be used as prognostic biomarkers as well as novel therapies targeted at an underserved population. Lastly, expression differences may be in part related to environmental exposures, such as coal pollution, which will require additional studies moving forward.

Effect of side chain functional groups of ionic liquids on improving wettability of coal: Simulation and experimental discussion

It is wise to investigate the influence of ionic liquids (ILs) on reducing hydrophobicity and dust pollution of coal from the perspective of side chain groups. In this study, two ILs ([Emim][Cl] and [HOEmim][Cl]), were selected and applied to bituminous coal. The density functional theory results showed that [HOEmim][Cl] containing the –OH group had an energy gap of 5.2895 eV, which was lower than the 5.3873 eV of [Emim][Cl] containing only the -CH3 group. A higher chemical activity of [HOEmim][Cl] was demonstrated due to the presence of the –OH group. A molecular dynamics-based contact angle system was constructed to investigate the wetting properties of coal samples treated with different ILs at the molecular level. The simulation results indicated that, compared to untreated coal, [HOEmim][Cl] exhibited a greater ability than [Emim][Cl] to improve the wetting properties of coal. Contact angle experiments demonstrated that treatment with [Emim][Cl] and [HOEmim][Cl] resulted in a decrease in contact angle by 22.67° and 25.04°, respectively, compared to deionized water, providing validation for the accuracy of molecular simulations. Lastly, the structural changes of coal samples induced by different ILs were observed by FITR, which explained the differences in wetting effects.

Long-term Survival in Hospitalized Patients with Lung Cancer among Peasants in the Coal-producing Area in Eastern Yunnan, China

Xuanwei and Fuyuan are rural counties, located in the late Permian coal poly area of eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou, where lung cancer mortality rates are among the highest in the China, with similarity for both men and women, younger age at diagnosis and death, and higher in rural areas than in urban areas. In this paper, long-term follow-up of lung cancer cases in local peasants was conducted to observe their survival prognosis and its influencing factors. Data of patients diagnosed with lung cancer from January 2005 to June 2011, who had lived in Xuanwei and Fuyuan counties for many years, were collected from 20 hospitals at the local provincial, municipal and county levels. To estimate survival outcomes, individuals were followed up until the end of 2021. The 5-year, 10-year and 15-year survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Survival differences were examined with Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models. A total of 3,017 cases were effectively followed up (2,537 peasants and 480 non-peasants). The median age at diagnosis was 57 years, and the median follow-up time was 122 months. During the follow-up period, 2,493 cases (82.6%) died. The distribution of cases by clinical stage was as follows: stage I (3.7%), stage II (6.7%), stage III (15.8%), stage IV (21.1%) and unknown stage (52.7%). Treatment at the provincial, municipal and county-level hospitals accounted for 32.5%, 22.2% and 45.3%, respectively, and surgical treatment was performed in 23.3% of cases. The median survival time was 15.4 months (95%CI: 13.9-16.1), and the 5-year, 10-year and 15-year overall survival rates were 19.5% (95%CI: 18.0%-21.1%), 7.7% (95%CI: 6.5%-8.8%) and 2.0% (95%CI: 0.8%-3.9%), respectively. Peasants with lung cancer had a lower median age at diagnosis, higher proportion residing in remote rural areas, and higher use of bituminous coal as a household fuel. They also have a lower proportion of early-stage cases, treatment at provincial or municipal hospitals, and surgical treatment, leading to poorer survival outcomes (HR=1.57). Even when considering factors such as gender, age, residential location, clinical stage at diagnosis, histological type, hospital level of service, and surgical intervention, peasants still exhibit a survival disadvantage. Multivariable Cox model analysis comparing peasants and non-peasants reveals that surgical intervention, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, and hospital level of service are common factors influencing survival prognosis, while the use of bituminous coal as a household fuel, hospital level of service and adenocarcinoma (compared to squamous cell carcinoma) are independent prognostic factors for lung cancer survival among peasants. The lower lung cancer survival rate among peasants is associated with their lower socioeconomic status, lower proportion of early-stage diagnoses, lower proportion of surgical interventions, and treatment at provincial-level hospitals. Furthermore, the impact of other factors such as high-risk exposure to bituminous coal pollution on survival prognosis requires further investigation.

Human health risk assessment of air pollutants in the largest coal mining area in Brazil.

The Candiota region, located in the extreme south of Brazil, has the largest mineral coal deposit in the country, and this activity is capable of releasing pollutants in which they are associated with the contamination of different matrices (soil, water, and air). The present study aimed to carry out a risk assessment to human health of atmospheric pollutants NO2 and SO2 and PM10-bound metal(loid)s in the municipality of Candiota, in addition to evaluating the correlation of meteorological parameters for the dynamics and potential risk of these pollutants. Pollutants were sampled from stations located almost 4km from coal exploration activities, and the trace elements As, Cd, Se, Pb, and Ni, in addition to NO2 and SO2, were evaluated. Risk assessment was conducted taking into account the risk to adults via the inhalation route. During the sampling period, all pollutants presented values lower than national legislation or internationally accepted values, and Pb was the element that presented the highest values throughout the sampled period. The risk assessment showed no carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks, even when considering the sum of the risk of all analyzed pollutants. It can be observed that the highest levels of Pb, As, and Se occurred in the winter season, while the levels of Ni and Cd were higher in the spring, and the meteorological parameters were correlated with the pollutants, even using a temporal lag of 5days. Although the air pollutants evaluated did not present a risk to human health, continuous monitoring of regions with strong mineral exploration activity must be carried out with a view to maintaining the well-being of exposed populations, mainly because there are people living in areas closer to sources of coal pollution than distance to air quality monitoring stations.

Impact assessment of a raw coal ban on maternal and child health outcomes in Ulaanbaatar: a protocol for an interrupted time series study

IntroductionDespite a decade of policy actions, Ulaanbaatar’s residents continue to be exposed to extreme levels of air pollution, a major public health concern, especially for vulnerable populations such as pregnant...

Research on the Impact of the “Coal to Gas” and “Coal to Electricity” Policies on Urban Air Quality

Heating in winter in the north has a significant negative impact on the quality of the atmospheric environment. The coal used for heating emits substances such as PM2.5, PM10, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, etc., exacerbating atmospheric environmental pollution. Air pollution seriously affects the physical health and safety of residents, reduces their sense of happiness, brings about significant environmental pollution costs, and increases the actual level of economic inequality. In response to this situation, this article aims to improve urban air quality through the policies of “coal to gas” and “coal to electricity”, and further studies the impact of this policy. To provide empirical evidence and decision-making reference for deepening the “coal to gas, electricity” policy, and to reduce atmospheric environmental pollution, it is necessary to actively adjust the heating plan, increase the central heating area, and construct different heating scales according to different needs. It is necessary to vigorously develop clean coal technology, reduce pollutant emissions, actively explore clean energy, and fundamentally change the problem of air pollution. Therefore, the policies of “coal to gas” and “coal to electricity” can effectively improve the pollution of coal on urban air quality.

Application of organic petrography as a forensic tool in environmental studies to investigate the source of coal pollution on beaches in Gijón (Northern Spain)

Coal is one of the oldest and most widespread pollutants of natural environments such as marine coastal areas. The sources of this pollution are varied and mainly anthropogenic, one of which is handling coal in marine coal terminals and in bulk seaports. In coastal environments, there is also accidental coal pollution caused by accidents such as shipwrecks or sinking of bulk carriers and barges operating in port areas. One case of coal pollution is the beaches in Gijón on the Cantabrian coast in the north of Spain, which are intermittently covered to varying degrees by carbonaceous materials. To the north of Gijón there is a bulk seaport, El Musel, the largest bulk seaport in Spain where millions of tons of coal and other carbonaceous materials are handled annually. In January 1986 the Castillo de Salas bulk carrier sank with 100,000 tons of coal off the beaches of Gijón. For >34 years the true origin of the coal staining the beaches has been the subject of controversy at all levels of society. The aim of this study was to determine the main source of coal pollutants on the beaches. To that end, organic petrography was used to determine the mixtures of coal and other carbonaceous materials in sediments. The results indicate that the El Musel seaport is quantitatively the main source of coal pollution on the beaches and that coal from the sunken vessel reaches the beaches only during significant storms, heavy waves, and strong tides, which are common on the Cantabrian coast. Organic petrography emerged as a powerful forensic tool that can be applied to environmental investigations to determine the source of coal pollution, which is especially important in controversial cases.

FIELD CONTROL EFFECT OF 10 INSECTICIDES ON BEMISIA TABACI IN GREENHOUSE TOMATOES IN CHINA

Bemisia tabaci (tobacco whitefly) is one of the most harmful invasive species in the world. It causes devastating damage to many crops during the invasion process and is an important pest worldwide. B. tabaci harms crops mainly by directly feeding on plant juice, affecting plant nutrient metabolism, causing plant leaves to appear yellow spots, yellowing and falling off in severe cases, and abnormal or irregular fruit structure. Adults and nymphs of B. tabaci can also secrete honeydew to contaminate plant organs and induce coal pollution. When the density is high, the leaves can turn black, which seriously affects the photosynthesis of plants and reduces the quality of crops. Another important way of B. tabaci is to spread plant viruses. Generally, after an outbreak of B. tabaci, the virus transmitted by it will occur. These viruses can cause plant leaf curling, plant dwarfing and fruit abortion, causing serious losses. A single foliar spray of 10 pesticides was used in order to screen out high-efficiency pesticides for controlling B. tabaci on tomato. Control experiments to carry out at the initial stage of the occurrence of B. tabaci, and a survey of the control effect was carried out 1, 3 and 7 days after the treatment. The results showed that the best effect on B. tabaci had on F (5 % Diprofen) variant 1 day after treatment. It was 41 %, which was significantly higher than other test reagents. None of the reagents showed good fast-acting effects. Option C (22,4 % Spirotetramat) had the best control effect on B. tabaci three days after spraying – 72 %. The worst effect (62 %) was when treated with pesticides in experimental variants I (50 % Flonicamid) and G (10 % Cyantraniliprole). Spraying the plants gives the best effect of neutralizing the pest and is 86 % on option J (20 % Mevirpirazone) after 7 days, which is much higher than other test reagents. Phytotoxicity for tomatoes was not detected in three field studies conducted from 13 to 20 October 2020. We can choose in the field control process of pest B. tabaci 20 % Mevirpirazone suspension concentrate, which can be used in combination with 22,4 % Spirotetramat suspension concentrate and 5 % Diprofen dispersible concentrate to achieve better control effect. This method of pesticides selection will provide effective protection of greenhouse vegetables from the damage impact of pest B. tabaci.

Impact of Coal Pollution on Liver Enzyme (Alanine Transaminase) of Channa striata (Bloch) of Godavari Khani (Telangana), India

Godavari khani in Telangana is located on the banks of river Godavari and has large coal deposits. Coal mining in this area has greatly impacted the surrounding environment. Flora, fauna, quality of air and also the waters in and around have been drastically affected by the coal dust and coal ash emanating from the coal mines. Quite a number of respiratory disorders, skin diseases and also sometimes, cancer are linked to coal pollution. Though the impact of coal pollution has been reported, in leading local dailies, not many systematic studies have been conducted to learn about the coal pollution on physiology of aquatic animals. Channa striata is the common fish found in the waters, of Godavari khani and this fish was selected for the present study. As liver is the major detoxifying organ of the body, its vital enzymes, are drastically affected under the influence of toxicants and pollutants. In the present study, major liver enzyme such as Alanine transaminase, one of the biomarker for liver damage was selected. The enzyme levels in the serum were estimated under the influence of varying concentrations of coal dust and coals ash (0.5%, 1% and 2%). The enzyme showed significant (PP<0.01) upsurge under the influence of coal dust and coal ash as compared to the control fish. However, the impact of coal dust was greater when compared to that of coal ash. Our results clearly demonstrated that coal pollution drastically affects the liverenzyme, Alanine transaminase, probably due to destruction of hepatocytes.

Nutritional Status of Selenium and Its Association with Diet and Indoor Air Pollution among Pregnant Women in a Rural Area of Northern China.

The nutritional status of selenium (Se) in pregnant women in rural areas of northern China and its association with diet and indoor air pollution are rarely reported. We recruited 273 pregnant women in early or middle term in Shanxi and Hebei province and detected their fasting blood selenium. Demographic characteristics, food habits, and indoor air pollution exposure were collected with a questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and their 95% confidence intervals for the factors and relatively low blood levels of Se (below the lower quartile). The median (interquartile range [IQR]) blood concentration of Se was 117.35 (103.90, 129.23) μg/L. The rate of Se deficiency was 4.8%, and the rate of overnutrition was 23.8%. The AORs for the risk for relatively low blood levels of Se were 2.26 (1.15, 4.44) for consuming less beef and pork/mutton; 0.39 (0.19, 0.80) for a lower frequency of vinegar consumption; and 1.41 (0.76, 2.60) and 1.18 (0.59, 2.36) for passive smoking and indoor coal pollution, respectively. In conclusion, the nutritional status of Se in pregnant women in a rural area of northern China was acceptable; diet was the main determinant; no conclusive association was found between indoor air pollution and Se nutritional status.

A Smart Grid Planning Method with Coal-to-electricity Based on Multifactor Adaptability

In order to reduce coal pollution and improve air quality in winter, many cities in northern China began to promote coal-to-electricity, and a series of policy subsidies were released accordingly. With the implementation of coal-to-electricity, the characteristics of power network has been changed significantly and the traditional planning method is no longer applicable. To meet the needs of coal-to-electricity engineering, a smart grid planning method with coal-to-electricity based on multifactor adaptability is proposed in this paper. First, the coal-to-electricity load characteristics is analysed, and typical parameters is proposed based on the actual operation data, which considers the impacts of different types of equipment and breaks through the modelling difficulties of coal-to-electricity characteristics. Then, a smart grid planning method with coal-to-electricity based on multifactor adaptability is set up, which combines the influence of transmission capacity for each equipment, the investment capacity for each participant, and the social acceptance of the electricity price. Based on this model, the technical, economic, and environmental benefits of coal-to-electricity modification are coordinated. The application shows that the proposed method is concise and effective and provides useful suggestions for determining the coal-to-electricity scale, network planning and compensation policy, which supports the implementation of coal-to-electricity.

Cumulative Lead Exposure Resulting from Coal Power Plants in India

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Coal pollution can lead to a myriad of toxic exposures and toxicity resulting from coal power generation has not been well-defined. As part of this study, we sought to identify cumulative lead exposure measured as bone lead in communities living near coal power plants. METHODS: We chose three communities at 1 km (n=50), 9 km (n=50), and 38 km (n=50) from coal power plants near Chennai, India and measured their bone lead using a portable x-ray fluorescence device. RESULTS:The bone lead identified in all participants was significantly higher than that found in typical occupationally exposed populations in the United States. We identified a dependency on location with the community living within 1 km of coal power plants experiencing higher cumulative lead exposure than the community farthest from the coal power plants. Lead exposure decreased at a rate of 0.92 ug/g/km. From our models, a 40-year-old adult at 1 km from a coal power plant would have an average bone lead level of 22.3 ug/g, whereas a 40-year-old at 10 km would have an average bone lead level of 14.3 ug/g. Further, we identified a population of over 704,185 that would be living in communities within 1 km of a coal power plant, equivalent to our highest exposure group. CONCLUSIONS:Our study was the first to identify a relationship between cumulative lead exposure and coal pollution, demonstrating a dramatic increase in lead exposure for communities near coal power plants. The community within 1 km of the coal power plants experienced bone lead on average 1.5 times higher than our control group. The control group had higher cumulative lead exposure than typical occupational exposures in the United States. These exposures would lead to drastic consequences throughout the body including cardiovascular and neurologic health impacts while ultimately increasing mortality from all causes. KEYWORDS: Coal, lead, cumulative, xrf, India, bone lead

Environmental exposure to mineral coal and by-products: Influence on human health and genomic instability

Environmental exposure to pollution generated by mining and burning coal is inevitable for people living nearby. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of coal dust on health conditions and genomic instability of individuals who live near coal mines and thermoelectric power plants, and to relate the results to inorganic elements and inflammatory responses. Thus, we evaluated 284 individuals from four cities in the south of Brazil around a region with coal mines and a thermoelectric power plant (one city was considered a negative control). The results of the Comet assay and Micronucleus (MN) test did not show a genotoxic or mutagenic effect related to environmental exposure to coal, but the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was increased in all cities around the power plant when compared to the control conditions. Higher levels of MN were associated with body mass index and cardiovascular risk, and higher levels of Damage Index (DI), TNF-α and interleukin1β (IL-1β) with number of cigarettes/day. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to integrate DNA damage and inflammatory results with inorganic elements. This study also demonstrated the relationship between zinc and MN, copper, and interleukin10 (IL-10), and among silicon and sulfur with DI and nucleoplasmic bridge. A relationship was also observed between the reduction of inorganic elements and both aging and quality of health. The use of different methodologies and the relationship between the results obtained in these studies, including different lifestyles, can increase the understanding of the interaction between this mineral and the health status of residents of regions affected by coal pollution.

Experimental Study on Electro Chemical Catalytic Oxidation Desulfurization of High Sulfur Coal Based on Computer

Coal and other fossil energy has a greater pollution, especially in the process of its combustion will bring a variety of environmental pollution problems, such as sulfur dioxide combustion, which produces more serious air pollution. Therefore, in order to reduce coal pollution, it is necessary to carry out desulfurization treatment before coal combustion. There are many shortcomings and problems in the traditional coal desulfurization methods, mainly in secondary pollution and harsh operating environment. As a mild desulfurization and purification technology, the research value of Electrochemical Catalytic Oxidation Desulfurization (ECOD) is highlighted. Based on this, this paper first analyses the process flow and desulfurization mechanism of high sulfur coal Electrocatalytic Oxidation Desulfurization (EOD) technology, and then studies the ECOD technology of high sulfur coal, and verifies the influencing factors of ECOD of high sulfur coal.

Constitutive Model of Solid Backfill Materials and Numerical Simulation of Overburden Movement and Deformation in Backfill Mining

Solid backfill mining is an efficient and environmental-friendly coal mining technology, which can effectively solve the problems of coal gangue pollution, water resource loss, and surface subsidence. Based on the mechanical behavior of backfill materials in the compaction process, volume strain was used to express the deformation modulus, and a constitutive model of backfill materials was proposed in this study. The ABAQUS UMAT was used to develop the numerical calculation subroutine of the model. Finally, the rationality of the model was verified that simulated stress-strain curves of the backfill materials during the compaction process agree well with experiments. Based on the proposed constitutive model, the influence of three factors (the initial compaction rate of the filling body, the mining height, and the mining depth) on the key strata and surface subsidence was analyzed systematically. The results show that the initial compaction rate and the height of coal seams have significant influences on surface subsidence. When the thickness of topsoil is only changed and the structural composition and lithology of overburden are not changed, the mining depth has little influence on surface subsidence, but a significant influence on surface subsidence range. The influence of mining height and mining depth on the deformation of key strata of overburden and surface subsidence is approximately linear, while the influence of the initial compaction rate is nonlinear.

煤矸石污染物释放及影响机理

煤矸石污染物释放及影响机理