Coal Crisis Research Articles

Fuel, Fear, and Fault: Mass Media and Cartel Criticism During the German Coal Crisis of 1900

This article examines the role of the mass media in driving anticartel debates during a coal crisis in Germany in 1900. Threatening the fuel supplies of millions of people, the nationwide energy shortage marked the beginning of the anticartel movement, adding a decisive thrust to antimonopoly sentiment toward the cartelized Ruhr coal industry. While hitherto overlooked, this symbolic chapter of German antimonopoly history was profoundly shaped by daily newspapers, a medium that revolutionized public communication during this period. By cross-referencing newspaper articles with records of the coal industry, this paper investigates how newspapers raised public concern for the fuel shortage and thereby forged narratives blaming the coal industrialists as well as how the coal producers responded to the ever-intensifying public scrutiny. As such, this study would serve to identify the mass media as a key determinant in the broader history of cartels and cartel politics in the twentieth century.

Coal crisis in China: development, mechanism, causes and possible consequences

This article analyzes the dynamics of coal prices and systemic changes in the coal market in the PRC, revealing the internal Chinese mechanism of the coal crisis that broke out in the PRC in 2020. The data studied and the conclusions obtained in the article refute the widely held view in expert circles, according to which the cause of the coal crisis in China was the rejection of Australian coal. The study was carried out by analyzing a data array on the dynamics of changes in the price of coal for different types of coal and for different regions and provinces of China. In particular, the article is based on data on the dynamics of coal prices in Shaanxi and Hubei.
 The results of this research provide useful insight into both the nature of the coal crisis and the patterns of the system of formation of coal prices in the PRC, partially touching on the issue of the integrity of the Chinese coal market. The statistical data referring to the coal prices is viewed through the prism of the concept of a “multi-track” pricing system put forward by M. V. Karpov and, in general, confirms fruitfulness and significance of his theory. Also, the article, based on data from the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, shows the commercial practical significance of the findings and the importance of having up-to-date information data on dynamics of coal prices in China.

Bio-coke: A sustainable solution to Indian metallurgical coal crisis

Coal is the predominant global energy source, where its consumption as metallurgical coke from fast-depleting prime coking coal is vital. In India, the complete depletion of prime coking coal and ultimate dependence on low-grade low-volatile coking coal reserves are the primary concern, so the need to explore alternative fuels, preferably with less climatic concern. Accordingly, a process for the synthesis of bio-coke, a novel product, using varying blending ratios (90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50) of such inferior grade coal and biochars (derived at 550°C) of coconut shell (CSC), groundnut shell (GSC), sawdust (SDC), and sugarcane bagasse (SBC) in the presence of starch and molasses binders was developed via carbonization (at 800–1100°C). Obtained bio-cokes from coal and biochars with molasses possess better strength and plastic properties for metallurgical applications than those prepared with starch, and can be a sustainable substitute for metallurgical coke.

Coal Domestic Market Obligation (DMO) policy implementation in Indonesia to achieve energy security

As a country that still uses coal-fired power plants as the main electricity producer, the coal crisis that happened in 2009-2011 had a big impact on Indonesia. Therefore, to avoid disruptions in electricity productivity, the government established a coal DMO policy for coal producers in Indonesia. The implementation of this policy has succeeded in ensuring the stability of coal supply in Indonesia in the following years. However, at the end of 2021, Indonesia experienced another coal crisis despite the implementation of DMO policy. Therefore, this paper aims to explain hoe coal DMO impact security energy in Indonesia and we also try to describe the implementation of DMO policy in Indonesia. The data used in the study were obtained from literature studies from various publications related to coal DMO policy in Indonesia. The result shows that the coal crisis at the end of 2021 occurred as an impact of the supply of coal DMO that was not in accordance with the provisions (35000 MT of the total 5.1 million MT). Despite that, we also found that coal DMO plays important roles in ensuring the energy security in Indonesia.

Coal crisis-its impact on power stocks and solutions

The Coal Crisis in India is affecting all facets of the country. It is therefore imperative that a transition should take place from fossil fuels to green and renewable methods of producing energy. Drawing from literature and other government reports, this paper examines the coal crisis, its determinants, its effect on power stocks, and possible solutions for the coal crisis. In this attempt, we review the growing trends in the stocks of Indian Power companies because of the impact of the coal crisis using hypothesis testing. Our results show a significant impact of the energy crisis in Indian power stocks indicating possible reasons for the growing trends and the transformed future of India. The review of factors resulting in the coal crisis encourages people to use non-Fossil fuels instead of fossil fuels and set up waste-to-energy (WTE) plants to generate electricity thus encouraging a green theme and sustainable future of not just India but the whole world.

Women beneath the Surface: Coal and the Colonial State in India during the Second World War

In British India in 1943, a rapidly escalating Allied coal crisis resulted in the lifting of a six-year-old ban on women’s employment underground. Over 70,000 low-caste and adivasi (indigenous) women, battling the war-induced Bengal Famine, sustained production levels and prevented the monthly loss of 385,000 tons of coal between August 1943 and February 1946. Their employment sparked unprecedented outrage among the public, in the press, and in parliaments, generating a transnational discourse on Indian women workers for the very first time. Meanwhile the desperate colonial government disciplined miners through the threat of starvation, information that has so far remained concealed.

Вплив рішень з’їздів гірничопромисловців на розгортання промислової революції в Україні у другій чверті ХІХ ст.

The activity of the mining industry in the South of the Russian Empire, of which Ukraine was part at that time, is analyzed. It is noted that the rapid development of industry in the Russian Empire after the abolition of serfdom in 1861 opened up opportunities for investors to raise capital. Information is given about why Kharkiv became the center of investment life of mine owners, namely its good geographical location. Data on the number of inhabitants of the city and the number of trading institutions are provided. The stages in the formation of the mining industry of the South of the Russian Empire as a driving force for economic development in Ukraine are highlighted.The causes of weak coal sales from the Donbas and the development of the factory industry of Ukraine in the 1860s are analyzed. It is shown how these issues were resolved. In particular, mining congresses were organized to discuss and resolve these issues.It is shown how the decisions of mining congresses influenced the development of the country's economy at the end of the nineteenth century. Examples of issues discussed at these congresses are given. In particular, the congresses discussed – workers, higher and secondary specialized education, mining credit, insurance, the ratio of the mining industry to zemstvos and land taxation of enterprises of the mining industry, taxes, land relations, postal, telegraph and telephone traffic, passenger traffic in the Southern Russia area, duties, ports, marinas, navigable rivers and canals, shipbuilding and merchant shipping, export of mineral fuel abroad, construction of new railways, etc. It should be noted that the central issue discussed at almost all mining congresses was the question of tariffs, and this was not a coincidence, since it directly concerned the markets for industrialists without whom production could not be developed, and with it the intensification of the industrial revolution. Therefore, this problem, in one form or another, has arisen constantly.Information is provided on the number of such congresses, as well as on the creation of a permanent body, the Council of Miners of the South of the Russian Empire. It analyzes the so-called “coal crisis” and the role of major mining companies in the collusion. The monopolization of the market is considered. Emphasis is placed on the customs policy of the tsarist government. Speculation on temporary fuel difficulties is illustrated. It is noted that at the end of the 1890s, there were especially high rates of development of the Donbas coal industry. Special tariffs for the export of Donetsk coal abroad were introduced. Thus, in the last quarter of the 19th century, the mining and monopolization of the mining industry of the south of the Russian Empire were enlarged and monopolized.

ПЕРЕДМОВА

ПЕРЕДМОВА

Heat-powered cycles: are the process industries ‘missing the boat’?

Heat-powered cycles (HPCs) are well established in many areas of life. The heat pump (vapour compression cycle) is becoming an essential feature of houses in many countries, and mechanical vapour recompression systems are popular in the food and drink sector of the process industries. However, historically, earlier energy crises have spurred many advances in the use of HPCs in industry—the coal crisis in the 1940s and the oil crises in the 1970s being noteworthy examples. More recently, in spite of technological advances in materials and manufacturing technologies, in particular in furthering intensification and miniaturisation, the benefits these have brought to HPCs seem to have neglected uses in the process industries. This needs remedying, if competitiveness, coupled with carbon emission reductions, are to retain and strengthen their important position in industry. In conjunction with the examination of some early examples of HPCs where size and cost may have inhibited investment, this paper presents some heat transfer and manufacturing technologies that might help to break perceived cost barriers to further progress the use of HPCs. Copyright , Oxford University Press.

The rise and fall of German hard coal subsidies

Beginning with the coal crisis of 1958, the survival of the German hard coal mining sector has been heavily dependent on subsidies for several decades. These subsidies are a complex system of almost 60 different measures often with conflicting objectives. Annual financial support for this subsidy system grew from €0.6 billion in 1958 to €7.5 billion in 1989 with the majority of the funding financed outside the public budget by a special fund based on the “coal penny” (Kohlepfennig). In 1995, the abolishment of the “coal penny”, in connection with budget constraints, led to a significant subsidy decrease to €3.5 billion. A recent agreement between the Federal government and the mining state of North-Rhine Westphalia in 2003, however, seems to have fixed German hard coal subsidies at the €2 billion level for the time after 2012.

Coal Crisis in the UK : Lack of Reserves

Coal Crisis in the UK : Lack of Reserves

The genesis of the UK coal crisis

The UK government finds itself in a tangle over energy policy. That reflects the Conservative party's own agenda in dealing with the coal and nuclear industries since it came to power in 1979.

石炭利用技術の開発に関する-提案

It is said that the coal crisis of today is in no way related to business cycles but arises from the growing structural change in the field of energy consumption. In our country, the coal mining industry has received various forms of protections from our government. If the coal mining industry in the future must reach a state of efficency whereby he is able to do his business without any government protection at all, what is to be done in the present days?The most important demand for coal has been in the energy market. In this market the coal is challenged by the petroleum and will be challenged by the atomic energy. The situation of this competition is not in favour for coal. Coal as a chemical raw material also has received a challenge of the petroleum, and the situation is difficult for coal.However in the author's opinion, this difficulty comes from the present technical level of coal chemical industry because our industry has lagged in a research to develope potentialities of coal. And the author believes that there are some new fields of chemical industry to utilize some particular properties of coal, such as high molecular weight, large numbers of condenced aromatic rings, etc., Then the author would propose to begin some research programes to develope a new chemical industry of coal.Another field in which the coal has a special advantage is the metal refining industry, especially iron and steel making. As a reducing agent of metals, coal has many advantages, but the coking coal which is used for the present blast furnace is in poor production and inferior in quality in Japan. This is one of many reasons of particular difficulties in our coal mining industry.This is the reason that we must attempt to develope some new iron making process without present high shaft furnace. Then the author would emphasize new developments of an iron making process with low shaft furnace which needs not the coking coal of high quality or some new processes with direct charge of coal.

European Communities

The European Parliamentary Assembly met in ordinary session from October 21 to 24, 1958, at the House of Europe in Strasbourg. After M. Robert Schuman, President of the Assembly, had opened the proceedings, statements were made on the activities of the European Economic Community (EEC or common market) during the first nine months of its existence and on the activities of the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). In regard to the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), the Assembly heard a statement by M. Pierre Wigny, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Belgium, in which he noted the present coal crisis in Europe, and the differences between the common market and the free trade area—the one aiming for progressive integration, the other only for facilitating trade. This speaker was followed by M. Paul Finet, President of the High Authority of ECSC, who set out the present situation concerning coal in the common market area. He stated that the situation was undeniably serious and pointed out that pithead stocks had more than trebled, rising from 7 million metric tons in 1957 to 22 million tons in 1958. Belgium and Germany had been particularly hard-hit. He reviewed the action taken by the High Authority in trying to make the marketing rules more flexible and to stabilize production and imports, and appealed to the Parliament for support in these proposals, which had been made to the Council of Ministers of ECSC. A debate ensued on the general subject of the European communities.

Britain's Coal Crisis: Geographical Background and Some Recent Literature

Britain's Coal Crisis: Geographical Background and Some Recent Literature

International Aspects of the European Coal Crisis in 1926

International Aspects of the European Coal Crisis in 1926

The Making of the Future The Coal Crisis and the Future: a Study of Social Disorders and their Treatment

In this volume the coal problem is attacked from various angles by the several contributors, though a certain coherency is obtained, since most of the writers would appear to subscribe to the viewpoint of the “sociologist.” The quality is, however, somewhat, uneven, and it is to be feared that many readers will become impatient of the terminology and verboseness of certain of the writers. About one-half of the volume is devoted to an account of the “Conditions of Eutopian Repair and Reconstruction.” This, though it may interest some readers, would have been improved by compression, as it is somewhat vague and at times irrelevant. The appendices do not appear to bear very directly on the problems of the coal industry. Several of the papers, however, are more concise and contain some interesting matter. Prof. Desch and Mr. Kilburn Scott contribute readable articles on the technical aspects of coal utilisation; Dr. Saleeby pleads on hygienic grounds for the elimination of the smoke nuisance, while Prof. Abercrombie describes the planning of the Kent coal-field on the basis of regional surveys.

The President’s Attitude Toward the Coal Crisis

Essay| November 01 1925 The President’s Attitude Toward the Coal Crisis George S. Silzer George S. Silzer Governor of New Jersey Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Current History (1925) 23 (2): 244–247. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1925.23.2.244 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation George S. Silzer; The President’s Attitude Toward the Coal Crisis. Current History 1 November 1925; 23 (2): 244–247. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1925.23.2.244 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1925 by The Regents of the University of California1925 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

The Coal Crisis and “Heatless Days”

The Coal Crisis and “Heatless Days”