Coagulant For Wastewater Treatment Research Articles

Effect of dual flocculant by unmodified manihot esculenta starch and aluminium sulphate on the removal of chemical oxygen demand optimized by response surface methodology

Abstract Applying inorganic metal salt-based aluminium sulphate (Al2(SO4)3) or alum in wastewater treatment has gained many concerns regarding the impact on health and environmental implications. Due to the negative consequences, incorporating inorganic and natural flocculants in the coagulation-flocculation process is the alternative way to reduce undesirable effects. In this study, an evaluation performance of Manihot esculenta (ME) starch and alum as a dual flocculant was conducted to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the optimum weight ratio of alum/starch = 0.06. The optimization of coagulation-flocculation by the optimal (custom) design, response surface methodology (RSM) presented that applying a dual flocculant improved the COD removal efficiency by up to 93% compared to a single coagulant (alum) of 85%. Besides the performance of COD removal increased, the dosage of the chemical coagulant was reduced by up to 64% at the optimum condition of 18 mg/L alum dosage, 307 mg/L starch dosage, pH 9, and 27 mins settling time. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the quadratic model was significantly developed with a p-value < 0.05. The results were justified by a high coefficient of determination (R2 alum = 0.9641) and (R2 dual flocculants = 0.9335) using single and dual flocculants, respectively. The findings supported ME starch as an alternative approach in minimizing chemical coagulants in wastewater treatment.

Preparation of complex titanium-containing coagulants from large-scale mineral concentrates and their use in wastewater treatment

Relevance. Development of new, highly effective reagents for treatment of wastewater of various origins is a complex and extremely important task. An equally pressing issue remains the development of technologies for processing large-scale mineral products, which currently have not found an economically feasible technology for their processing and have received the status of “waste”. The development of a technology for producing reagents using waste as a raw material will not only have an economic effect but will also significantly minimize the level of negative impact on the environment and take a step towards the implementation of the Zero Waste concept. Aim. Development of technology for processing large-scale titanium-containing raw materials to obtain complex titanium-containing reagents and study of their effectiveness in wastewater treatment from various industries. Methods. To study the phase composition of the samples, the X-ray diffraction method was used, and the determination of metal content in acidic solutions and wastewater was carried out by atomic emission spectroscopy. Results and conclusions. The authors have proposed the technology for production of complex titanium-containing coagulants, which includes hydrometallurgical technology for sulfuric acid processing of large-capacity mineral raw materials – titanite. Aluminum hydroxide was introduced into the resulting solutions to adjust the chemical composition and neutralize free sulfuric acid. The resulting aluminum sulfate transforms into the most stable form of 18-aqueous crystalline hydrate, absorbing moisture from the solution, realizing chemical dehydration. The study of the composition of solid samples of coagulants showed that the predominant phase in the composition of the complex coagulant is aluminum sulfate, and the content of titanium compounds ranges from 1 to 14 wt %. It was established that by varying the ratio of mineral raw materials:sulfuric acid it is possible to vary the amount of modifying additive titanium compounds in the complex reagent. It was proven that the use of complex titanium-containing coagulants in wastewater treatment allows reducing the consumption of coagulants by 25–35%, increasing the efficiency of water purification, minimizing residual concentrations of pollutants, and also significantly increasing the rate of sedimentation of coagulation sludge in comparison with traditional sulfate aluminum.

Modern methods of industrial wastewater treatment and softening

The growing demand for clean water has significantly increased the need for coagulants in wastewater treatment, particularly for agricultural production organizations. In response to this pressing issue, the provision of iron-rich raw materials to enterprises producing coagulants has become a critical priority. To address this challenge, the paper focuses on exploring the potential of producing coagulants from local iron ore raw materials available in the Karakalpakstan and Navoi regions. Ongoing scientific research efforts are dedicated to studying the composition of the iron ore resources in these mines and determining their potential applications. By leveraging the local iron ore deposits, this approach aims to develop a sustainable and cost-effective solution for the production of coagulants, ultimately supporting the growing demand for clean water in the agricultural sector.

Optimization of the use of natural coagulants in wastewater treatment using Rotational Central Composite Design

Contamination of water resources by industrial effluents represents a major environmental problem and, in Brazil, the dairy industry is one of the main causes of these problems. The composition of its effluent has a high amount of organic matter and nutrients and, therefore, it is necessary to treat them before disposal. This study aimed to optimize the treatment of synthetic dairy effluents, simulating the coagulation/flocculation process, through the application of a natural coagulant based on Moringa oleifera seed extract, using the Rotational Central Composite Design associated with the Surface Methodology response (MSR). The independent variables in the project were the fast and slow mixing times, the coagulant dosage and the concentration of pollutants. A mathematical model was established with an R² of 0.6, in which the significance of the pollutant concentration and coagulant dosage was proven. From the re-parameterization of the mathematical model, considering only these two variables, an adjustment of 74% was obtained. As a result, a removal efficiency of 94.9% of turbidity was obtained, demonstrating – in the first approximation analysis – a strong result for the use of a natural coagulant to remove turbidity from dairy effluents.

Use of water treatment plant sludge in high-rate activated sludge systems: A techno-economic investigation

Coagulants such as aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3 (alum)) and ferric chloride (FeCl3) used in water treatment plants (WTPs) led to the generation of sludge that is usually disposed to landfills. However, the utilization of WTP sludge is being encouraged by authorities to achieve sustainable development. This study aims to investigate WTP sludge utilization in a pilot-scale high-rate activated sludge (HRAS) system as a substitute for conventional coagulants. Based on jar tests, the iron sludge was selected for pilot-scale testing due to its superior ability to enhance the treatment efficiency of the HRAS process compared to alum sludge. Iron sludge addition (20.1 ± 1.6 mg dry sludge/L wastewater) slightly improved the removal efficiency of particulate chemical oxygen demand (pCOD) from 74 % to 81 % (p-value: 0.014). Iron sludge addition had a distinct effect on the sludge characteristics of the HRAS process. The average median particle size (d50) increased from 96 ± 3 to 163 ± 14 μm (p-value<0.00) with the addition of iron sludge, which improved the settleability of the HRAS process sludge. However, the biochemical methane potential (BMP) of the HRAS process sludge decreased by 8.9 % (p-value<0.00) after iron sludge addition. In a scenario analysis of WTP sludge use in a hypothetical HRAS plant, the effluent quality index (EQI), an indicator of environmental impact, was calculated and the cost related to the operation (the transfer and landfill disposal of WTP and HRAS process sludge, energy and chemical consumption of the HRAS plant) was estimated. As a result, using WTP sludge in the HRAS plant did not significantly affect the EQI of the plant but decreased overall cost by 11 %. The results showed that the use of WTP sludge as a coagulant in wastewater treatment could achieve mutual benefits for WTPs and WWTPs and have the potential to realize the circular economy model.

THE UTILIZATION OF BIOCOAGULANT FROM MELON SEEDS POWDER TOWARDS THE DECREASE IN pH, TSS AND TDS IN TOFU INDUSTRIAL LIQUID WASTE

Tofu industrial liquid waste contains very high organic materials. The organic compounds in the liquid waste are in the forms of proteins, carbohydrate, fats and oil. Therefore, the tofu wastewater should go under special treatment before being disposed into the environment to reduce pollution. One alternative coagulant that can be used is melon seed powder (Cucumis melo L.). Melon seeds (Cucumis melo L.) have many benefits, one of which can function as a coagulant for wastewater treatment from tofu industry. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of mass variations, variations of stirring and duration of deposition on the results of the coagulation and flocculation process of tofu industrial wastewater. This study used melon seed powder with low water content. Variations of coagulant mass applied in the testing were 0.3 g, 0.5 g, and 0.7 g, and the coagulant size was 80 mesh, with an initial pH of 3.5, TSS (Total Suspended Solid) 420 mg/L, and TDS (Total Dissolved Solid) 4.250 mg/L, while the optimum deposition time obtained was 30 minutes with pH changing to 5.0, TSS 199 mg/L, and TDS 1689 mg/L.

Role of natural coagulants in the removal of heavy metals from different wastewaters: principal mechanisms, applications, challenges, and prospects

&lt;p&gt;Industrial wastewater has become a great concern due to high concentrations of several hazardous contaminants, particularly heavy metals. Heavy metal contamination and its consequences for human health and the environment have gained interest in developing low-cost, long-term cleanup technologies. Biologically based wastewater treatment approaches being more effective than conventional treatment methods are getting more attention recently. Applying natural coagulants in wastewater treatments has progressively improved the coagulation-flocculation process efficiency. The main mechanism for heavy metals removal by coagulation is adsorption; therefore, natural coagulants perform better than chemical coagulants in heavy metals removal as natural coagulants contain biopolymers with active sites for heavy metals adsorption. This systematic review focuses on applying nature coagulants for heavy metals removal from different environmental systems. A systematic and comprehensive search for related articles on Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus on the use of natural coagulant for heavy metal removal from wastewater was conducted up to May 2022. After examining, extracting and deleting duplicate records, 81 relevant articles containing data on types of natural coagulants, extraction methods of active compounds, mechanisms of metal removal by coagulation process, and the performance of natural coagulants for the removal of heavy metals have been reviewed. Their major findings with technical gaps and possible solutions are summarized. The review is novel as it summarizes the main findings of a series of previously published articles on the role of natural coagulants, particularly the removal of heavy metals. The review also identified gaps and research questions and suggested possible solutions for the successful practical application of natural coagulants in wastewater treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&#x0D;

Assessment and optimization of a natural coagulant (Musa paradisiaca) peels for domestic wastewater treatment

Sustainable wastewater treatment necessitates the application of natural and green material in the approach. Thus, selecting a natural coagulant in wastewater treatment is a crucial step to prevent secondary environmental pollution due to residual inorganic coagulant in treated effluent. Present study investigated the application of Musa paradisiaca (banana) peels in domestic wastewater treatment. From the experimental results, the banana peels were found to have a higher yield with lower moisture content compared to the other fruit wastes. The surface charge of the banana peels was +6.53 meq/g MLSS while the recorded protein composition was 0.248 mg/L. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that banana peels has rough and pore surfaces compared to the others fruit wastes. At optimum conditions of 50 mg/L dosages, pH 4, and 100 rpm of agitational speed, the maximum turbidity removal of up to 89.9% with initial turbidity of 76 NTU was obtained. The banana peel was also evidenced in efficiently removing COD and NH4-N from domestic wastewater up to 80.0% and 62.5%, respectively. Overall, the findings suggested that Musa paradisiaca (banana) peels is efficient and suitable to be applied as the natural coagulant in treating domestic wastewater.

Study on optimization of coagulation-flocculation of fish market wastewater using bittern coagulant - response surface methodological approach.

Bittern contains a high ionic strength that can be used as an alternative coagulant in wastewater treatment. The magnesium content in the bittern could promote the removal of suspended particles and nutrients as settleable precipitates. This would create a more compact and manageable sludge. This study investigates the performance of bittern as a coagulant for fish market wastewater treatment. The effectiveness of bittern was evaluated based on the efficiency of pollutants removal and the amount of residual magnesium. The experiments were performed using a standard jar test. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a two-factor central composite design (CCD) was used to design the experiment. The parameters involved were pH (7.5, 9, and 10.5) and coagulant dose (0.5, 1.5, 2.5 mL L-1). The maximum removal efficiencies (i.e., 93.3% TSS, 87.5% COD, 37.6% ammonium, and 91.3% phosphate) were recorded at pH 10.5 and 1.5 mL L-1 dose of bittern, while the optimum results (desirability value of 0.929) may occur at pH 10.5 and a dose of 1.284 mL L-1. Approximately 51% of struvite and 48% of calcite precipitates were identified in the generated sludge, which can possibly be used as supplementary material in agrochemical industry with further treatment.

Synthesis and Performance of PAFS Coagulant Derived from Aluminium Dross

Polymerised aluminium ferric sulphate (PAFS) was prepared from aluminium dross as a coagulant in wastewater treatment. The effects of leaching time, leaching temperature, and sulfuric acid concentrations on the turbidity removal of the wastewater were investigated, and the optimum conditions were determined using response surface methodology. The results showed that the optimum PAFS preparation conditions were at a leaching time of 60 minutes, a leaching temperature of 65°C, and a sulfuric acid concentration of 1 mol/L. Furthermore, experiments were performed to investigate the effect of coagulant dosages using the PAFS prepared under the optimum leaching conditions, settling time and initial pH of the wastewater on the turbidity removal efficiency. As a result, it was found that the optimum coagulation conditions for PAFS coagulants were at a settling time of 15 minutes, coagulant dosage of 0.5g, and raw water pH 8. Under these optimum conditions, the turbidity removal efficiency of the wastewater was 91.45%. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of aluminium dross utilisation as a coagulant agent for wastewater treatment. Therefore, it can be concluded that PAFS prepared by leaching metal oxides from aluminium dross is an effective wastewater coagulant.

Application of cerium and lanthanum coagulants in wastewater treatment—A comparative assessment to magnesium, aluminum, and iron coagulants

Biological wastewater treatment plays a central role in removing nutrients from wastewater. However, during the dewatering of biological sludge before it is transported to a landfill, a concentrated stream (centrate), loaded with phosphate, nitrogen, organic matter, and suspended solids, among others, is formed. Recycling these elevated concentrations, especially soluble phosphorus, back to the head of the plant defeats the sole purpose of enhanced biological treatment. In this study, a centrate stream was treated with lanthanides through coagulation. The study also established comparative performance between lanthanides and other commonly used coagulants, like FeCl3, Al2(SO4)3, Na2Al2O4, and Mg(OH)2. Coagulant performance was assessed based on their capacity to remove dissolved phosphorus and other impurities while maintaining alkalinity, sludge production, and operation cost. While adjusting the pH of the centrate (4.0–9.0), Al2(SO4)3, FeCl3, Na2Al2O4, LaCl3, and CeCl3 demonstrated strong removal of phosphate (>50%) at pH ≥ 6.0. However, as the pH dropped (≤5.0), the performance of both alum and FeCl3 plummeted to less than 15%. Na2Al2O4, CeCl3, and LaCl3 coagulants are not affected by pH; they maintained at least 85% phosphate precipitation at all tested pH values. The trend for moles of metal ion to phosphorus ratio required to treat centrate is as follows CeCl3 [1.2] = LaCl3 [1.2] < FeCl3 [1.5] < Na2Al2O4 [1.8] < alum [2.5] < Mg(OH)2 [3.1]. Evaluating each coagulant's performance based on purchase price, sludge disposal cost, and alkaline/acid reagent cost, Mg(OH)2 coagulant is the least expensive to treat wastewater in the given case study. However, based on effluent water quality, lanthanides outperform all the tested coagulants. Assessment of the lanthanide precipitates reveals that there is direct bonding between lanthanide and phosphate.

Comparative Study on Micronsized and Nanosized &lt;i&gt;Carica papaya&lt;/i&gt; Seed Modified Pullulan as Biocoagulant in Wastewater Treatment

Plant-based coagulants have been used as an alternative material to replace chemical coagulant in wastewater treatment. So far, limited information was found on the incorporation of plant-based biocoagulant to natural polymers and the effect of particle size upon wastewater treatment application. Thus, this study was conducted to explore the effectiveness of micronsized and nanosized Carica Papaya (CP) seed modified pullulan as biocoagulant. Biocoagulant were prepared at different composition of CP to pullulan, with the CP content range from 1% to 9%. The biocoagulant were characterized via Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and morphological analysis via Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). It was used to treat municipal wastewater. The treated wastewater quality was analyzed by jar test method with dosage of biocoagulant used was 0.6g/L. Result showed that the 10% (D10), 50% (D50) and 90% (D90) distribution of micronsized CP had particle size of 0.3675 µm, 0.8433 µm and 1.9537 µm respectively. The nanosized CP was 0.4473nm (D10), 2.3758nm (D50) and 2.9938nm (D90). Characterization of biocoagulant via FTIR revealed the appearance of O-H, C=O, C-H and C-O-C bond which contribute to particle interaction for turbidity reduction of wastewater. Jar test analysis found that at 3% micronsized CP and 7% nanosized CP were able to reduce turbidity up to 59.65% and 65.27% respectively. Both size of biocoagulant slightly changed the pH of treated wastewater to neutral, increased in dissolved oxygen (DO) and reduced in total suspended solid (TSS). Overall, nanosized CP was found more effective as compared to micronsized CP.

Study on the zeta potential effect of Artocarpus heterophyllus natural-based coagulant in wastewater treatment

The application of chemical coagulants which is damaging to environment and human health has triggered to the exploration of new coagulants from natural based sources. This study emphasized on the performance of a treatment process to remove particles in the synthetic domestic wastewater by coagulation using Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) peel extract and evaluation of zeta potential (ζ). The measurement of zeta potential which is the criteria defining the electrostatic interaction between pollutants and natural coagulant agent is used in proposing mechanism of coagulation. The jar test experiment was carried out and the treated wastewater was analysed to determine reduction in turbidity, BOD, COD and TSS. The coagulant extracts were characterized in terms of surface charge. The best operating conditions were: pH 2 and dosage 60 mg/L. The corresponding removal efficiencies for turbidity, TSS, COD and BOD were 80 %, 70 %, 46 % and 20 % respectively. The measured zeta potential of the coagulant was -25.2 mV at its original pH, 6.95. On the other hand, the surface charge of synthetic wastewater was positive at pH 2 and later turned to be negative as the pH is increased up to pH 12. This best describes that jackfruit peel coagulant possessed the characteristic of anionic polyelectrolytes which involves bridging mechanism. The results obtained here suggest that coagulation using Artocarpus heterophyllus peel extract can be employed as an effective and low-cost preliminary technique in wastewater treatment process.

A review natural polymeric coagulants in wastewater treatment

Fresh-water comes from the rain which finally goes into the ocean via rivers. The human beings store this water and use it in a variety of purposes such as drinking, washing, irrigation and in industries etc., Wastewater is generated after the utilization of pure water in domestic, industrial, agricultural, municipal and other activities. The growing population and urbanization are the principal reason of continuous increase in wastewater generation. Wastewater contains a number of contaminants like organic materials, biological components and toxic inorganic compounds which cause adverse effect on the human health. Many inorganic chemicals are conventionally used as coagulant for the treatment of wastewater. Theses coagulants have the ability to change the physico-chemical properties of the treated water. In this review paper, we have described the used of naturally-occurring polymers as coagulants in wastewater treatment. These coagulants have more potential for coagulation and are also eco-friendly and biodegradable in nature; moreover, these coagulants do not adversely affect the human health and do not induce change in the physico-chemical properties of treated water.

Application of &lt;i&gt;Mangifera indica&lt;/i&gt; (mango) and &lt;i&gt;Phoenix dactylifera&lt;/i&gt; (dates) seeds powders as coagulants in wastewater treatment

This research was aimed at studying the possibility of efficiently combining Mangifera indica and Phoenix dactylifera seeds powders as coagulants in wastewater treatment. The seeds were characterized for their composition, active compounds and proximate constituents using atomic adsorption spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and X-ray Diffraction analysis. Jar test was carried out using the seeds extracts separately and in combination at varying dosages and the Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Turbidity, Temperature, pH, and Total coliform were measured with every varying dosage. Statistical tools were used to validate the results of the Jar test. The sludge from the Jar test experiment was analyzed for its total nitrogen, organic carbon, organic matter, total volatile solids, and carbon: nitrogen ratio. Mangifera indica removed 89% turbidity, 96% BOD, 84% COD and 99% total coliform of the wastewater. Phoenix dactylifera removed 75% turbidity, 85% BOD, 78% COD and 88% total coliform of the wastewater. Their combination removed 96% turbidity, 96% BOD, 87% COD and 98% total coliform of the wastewater.&#x0D; Keywords: Mangifera indica, Phoenix Dactylifera, Coagulants, Wastewater

Optimizing Clarification Process of Coconut Desiccant Wastewater Using Moringa oleifera as a Natural Coagulant

The coconut desiccant industry produces wastewater with high concentrations of suspended solids and turbidity, resulting in negative impacts to the environment if discharged without adequate treatment. The wastewater produced requires appropriate flocculant and coagulant compounds for treatment via the clarification process. Commercial coagulants raise many environmental concerns pertaining to the release of toxic metal residues and traces of chloride and sulphate ions in the treated water. The use of eco-friendly coagulants as an alternative for commercial coagulants in wastewater treatment is on the rise. Several factors that influence clarification performance during treatment includes coagulant dosage, flocculant dosage, and mixing rate of coagulation–flocculation process. The aim of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of using a natural coagulant, Moringa oleifera extract in the removal of suspended solids and turbidity from the coconut desiccant industry wastewater. The Response Surface Methodology approach was used to optimize the concentration of coagulant and flocculant dosed along with mixing rate. The results were measured as maximum percentage removal of suspended solids and turbidity. Coconut desiccant wastewater was collected over a period of five days. Moringa extract was produced via dilution of fat free Moringa seed powder with salt solution at a fixed ratio. The percentage removal of both suspended solids and turbidity was in the range of 85.4–95.1% and 85.2 to 94.8% respectively, based on multiple jar tests conducted. The model generated for optimization is a quadratic model. The optimization produced an optimum point of treatment, which is 12.00 mg/L of Moringa extract as coagulant, 12.660 ml/L of anionic polymer as flocculant and a mixing rate of 90 revolutions per minute, resulting in 93.997% and 93.735% removal of suspended solids and turbidity, respectively, proving a successful treatment of coconut desiccant wastewater.

STUDY ON DYES ADSORPTION FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING RED MUD ACTIVATED BY SULFURIC ACID

The textile industry wastewater contains the majority of different dyes which are quite toxic and should be removed before disposal. They are often highly resistant for biodegradation and hence are difficult to be treated. The application of adsorbents of natural origin, especially industrial waste, is one of the most attractive solutions for wastewater treatments due to its high socio-economic advantages. In this study, the adsorption capacity of acid activiated red mud for some conventional dyes such as Reactive Red 195 and Direct Yellow 132 was investigated. In this acid activation process part of aluminum oxide, iron oxide on red mud will be dissolved into solution, thereby increasing the specific surface area of the remaining solid phase (from 55 m2/g to 92 m2/g). The amount of red mud dissolved in the solution is about 30% weight. Solid residue is used in this adsorption study. The solution obtained after activation which includes iron sulfate salts, aluminum sulfate used as a coagulant for wastewater treatment. The results showed that, for both dyes, pH 5 is most suitable for the adsorption processes. The adsorption kinetic was based on the pseudo second-order kinetic equation. The rate constants of the second-order model for adsorption of DY132, RR195 on RMA in a solution with a concentration of 100 mg·l-1, pH = 5 are 1.48 and 1.95·10-2 g/(mg·min), respectively, and the equilibrium adsorption capacities are 42.74 and 54.95 mg·g-1, respectively. The adsorption data were well matched to Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacities were found to be 48.54 and 84.31 (mg·g-1) for Reactive Red 195 and Direct Yellow 132, respectively.

Exploring the use of Cactus and Neem Leaf Powder as an Alternative Coagulant in Treatment of Wastewater

Opuntia and Neem leaf is a natural based bio-coagulation that can be utilized in bio-coagulation process of kitchen used water collected from the college (MKCE). Opuntia (prickly pear) and neem tree leaf (Azadirachta indicia) powder are used as a Bio-coagulant. Jar test was conducted and the treated samples were evaluated for pH, turbidity, hardness. The dosage of the Bio-coagulant utilized in jar apparatus is 0.2 to 1 g/L for both neem leaf and opuntia powder. The dosage for the Bio-coagulant solution utilized is 5 to 25mL/L. When the Bio-coagulant are utilized directly turbidity was reduced to 50%. When Bio-coagulant are partially utilized with alum the efficiency is about 95% for neemleaf powder and 96% for opuntia powder. So the process reduces the consumption of chemical to 50%. Opuntia and neem could be utilized as an effective natural Bio-coagulant since it costs less when compared with chemical coagulant.

Study and Analysis of PAC And Aloevera as A Coagulant for Wastewater Treatment

Study and Analysis of PAC And Aloevera as A Coagulant for Wastewater Treatment

.PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MODIFIED CORNCOBS TO BE USED AS COAGULANT MATERIAL IN INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT

In this work, chemically modified corncobs was used as coagulant in waste water treatment. Thischemical modification was performed by allowing powdered corncobs to react with ethylene diamintetraacetic acid (EDTA) and epichlorohydrin in alkaline medium. Factor affecting the nitrogen content in the produced amphoteric corncobs (ACC) e.g. reaction time, temperature and amount of (EDTA) added were studied. The product obtained (ACC) was characterized using analytical and spectrophotometer tools, elemental and thermogravimetrical analysis besides FTIR and1H-NMR .The product obtained was characterized by FT-IR,1H-NMR spectroscopy. The adsorption efficiency of (ACC) for metal ions in water as Cu and Zn was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). It has been shown that there is a noticeable change in the specification of the treated water by the suggested (ACC) exemplified by least amount of organic matter, turbidity, solid substances and other elements existing in waste water.