Clustering Of Non-communicable Diseases Risk Factors Research Articles

Clustering of non-communicable disease risk factors among adolescents in urban and rural Rajasthan

Background: Non communicable diseases (NCDs) are primarily driven by the modifiable risk factors that often emerge during the childhood/adolescence and contribute towards majority of premature deaths during adulthood. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of multiple NCD risk factors and the associated factors among adolescents in urban and rural areas of Rajasthan. Methods: It was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted among 430 school going adolescents. A self-administered questionnaire adapted from STEPS survey format of the WHO and indian adolescent health questionnaire was used; anthropometric measurements were taken using standard procedure. Presence of two or more risk factors in one individual was considered as clustering of NCD risk factors. Results: Prevalence of two risk factors (Dyads) was 48.8% (urban) and 33% (rural), three or more risk factors were found in about 12.1% urban and 7.9% rural adolescents. For “Dyads”, males had OR 3.58 (95% CI 1.9- 6.4) and OR 4.1 (95% CI 2.6-7.9) in urban and rural areas, respectively. The risk of clustering was higher with increasing age [Dyad: OR 1.26 (CI 1.1-5.73) in urban, OR 2.2 (CI 1.56-3.7) in rural; ≥ 3 risk factors: OR 2.3 (CI 1.98-4.11) in urban, OR 1.52 (CI 1.21-4.9)]. Conclusions: Clustering of the risk factors was prevalent among urban as well as rural adolescents emphasizing the importance of developing primary prevention strategies which can be effective across all demographic and socioeconomic backgrounds.

Clustering of noncommunicable disease risk factors among adolescents attending higher secondary schools in Kasaragod District, Kerala, India

BackgroundLimited evidence exists on the presence of collective non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors among adolescents in Kerala, India. We aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with multiple NCD risk factors and the clustering of these risk factors among adolescents in Kasaragod District, Kerala.MethodsWe selected 470 adolescents (mean age 16.6 years, male 53.8%) through multi-stage cluster sampling from higher secondary schools of Kasaragod district. Self-administered questionnaires were used, and anthropometric measurements were taken using standard techniques and protocols. Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, low fruits and vegetable consumption, inadequate physical activity, extra salt intake, overweight, consumption of soft drinks and packed foods were the eight NCD risk factors included.The factors associated with one, two and three or more NCD risk factors were analysed using multinomial logistic regression and the standard errors were adjusted for the four clusters.ResultsRisk factor clusters with two risk factors (dyads) and three risk factors (triads) were observed in 163 (34.7%) and 102 (21.7%) of the sample, respectively. Adolescents residing in urban areas (odds ratio (OR) = 3.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.45-8.73), whose father’s education level was lower (OR = 3.54; 95% CI = 1.24-10.10), whose mother’s education was lower (OR= 4.13; 95% CI = 1.27-13.51), who had restrictions on physical activity (OR = 5.41; 95% CI = 1.20-24.30) and who did not have a kitchen garden (an area where fruits and vegetables are grown for domestic use) (OR=4.51;95% CI = 1.44-14.12) were more likely to have three or more NCD risk factors compared to their counterparts.ConclusionsClustering of NCD risk factors was prevalent in more than half of the adolescents. Efforts are warranted to reduce multiple risk factors, focussing on children of low educated parents and urban residents.

Clustering of noncommunicable disease risk factors among adolescents attending higher secondary schools in Kasaragod District, Kerala, India

Background: Limited evidence exists on the presence of collective non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors among adolescents in Kerala, India. We aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with multiple NCD risk factors and clustering of these risk factors among adolescents in Kasaragod District, Kerala.Methods: We selected 470 adolescents (mean age 16.6 years, male 53.8%) through multi-stage cluster sampling from higher secondary schools of Kasaragod district. Self-administered questionnaires were used, and anthropometric measurements were taken using standard techniques and protocols. Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, low fruits and vegetable consumption, inadequate physical activity, extra salt intake, overweight, consumption of soft drinks and packed foods were the eight NCD risk factors included. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was done to find out the factors associated with one, two and three or more NCD risk factors.Results: Risk factor clusters with two risk factors (dyads) and three risk factors (triads) were observed in 163 (34.7%) and 102 (21.7%) of the sample, respectively. Adolescents residing in urban areas (odds ratio (OR) = 3.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.45-8.73), whose father’s education level was lower (OR = 3.54; 95% CI = 1.24-10.10), whose mother’s education was lower (OR= 4.13; 95% CI = 1.27-13.51), who had restrictions on physical activity (OR = 5.41; 95% CI = 1.20-24.30) and who did not have a kitchen garden (an area where fruits and vegetables are grown for domestic use) (OR=4.51;95% CI = 1.44-14.12) were more likely to have three or more NCD risk factors compared to their counterparts. Conclusions: Clustering of NCD risk factors was prevalent in more than half of the adolescents. Efforts are warranted to reduce multiple risk factors, focussing on children of low educated parents and urban residents. Parents of adolescents may be encouraged to have kitchen gardens and not to restrict adolescent’s physical activity.

Prevalence and determinants of non-communicable diseases risk factors among reproductive aged women of Nepal: Results from Nepal Demographic Health Survey 2016.

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the major killer diseases globally. They share the common risk factors such as smoking, harmful use of alcohol, physical inactivity, and low fruits/vegetable consumption. The clustering of these risk factors multiplies the risk of developing NCDs. NCDs affect women inequitably causing significant threats to the health of women and future generations. But, the distribution and clustering of NCDs risk factors among Nepalese women are not adequately explored yet. This study aimed to assess the clustering and socio-demographic distribution of major NCD risk factors in Nepalese women. We used the data of 6,396 women age 15 to 49 years from the recent Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). The survey applied a stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method to select the eligible women participants from across Nepal. We analyzed data using the multiple Poisson regression and reported the adjusted prevalence ratio (APR). A total of 8.9% of participants were current smokers, 22.2% were overweight and obesity and 11.5% of the participants were hypertensive. Around 6% of participants had co-occurrence of two NCDs risk factors. Smoking, overweight and obesity and hypertension were significantly associated with age, education, province, wealth index, and ethnicity. Risk factors were more likely to cluster in women of age40-49 years (ARR = 2.95, 95%CI: 2.58-3.38), widow/separated (ARR = 3.09; 95% CI:2.24-4.28) and among Dalit women (ARR = 1.34; 95% CI:1.17-1.55). This study found that NCDs risk factors were disproportionately distributed by age, education, socio-economic status and ethnicity and clustered in more vulnerable groups such as widow/separated women and the Dalit women.

Socioeconomic Inequalities in Clustering of Health-Compromising Behaviours among Indian Adolescents.

Background:The simultaneous occurrence of health-compromising behaviors can accentuate the risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This study aimed to examine the existence and patterns of clustering of four NCD risk behaviors among adolescents and its association with social position. In addition, socioeconomic inequalities in the occurrence of clustering of NCD risk behaviors were also assessed.Methods:A cross-sectional study was undertaken among 1218 adolescents (14–19 years old) in the city of New Delhi, India. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to assess health-compromising behaviors (tobacco and alcohol use, fruit/vegetable intake, and physical inactivity). Clustering was assessed using pairwise correlations, counts of clustering of health-compromising behaviors, comparison of observed/expected ratios, and hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to test the associations of clustering with social position (education and wealth). The relative and slope indices of inequalities in the presence of clustering of behaviors according to education and wealth were estimated.Results:Three major clusters of health behaviors emerged: (a) physical inactivity + lower fruit and vegetable intake, (b) tobacco + alcohol use, and (c) lower fruit and vegetable intake + tobacco + alcohol use. Pronounced clustering of health-compromising behaviors was observed with lower educational attainment and wealth.Conclusion:The presence of clustering of health-compromising behaviors was considerably higher among adolescents with lower educational attainment and wealth. The area of residence has an important influence on socioeconomic inequalities in clustering of NCD risk factors.

Clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors - Syndemic approach: Is sit a time to shift toward integrated noncommunicable disease clinic?

The concurrent occurrence of many noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors is common, and it can play a synergistic role in occurrence of NCDs. This study aimed to identify the magnitude of clustering of NCD risk factors, patterns of risk factors emerged in clustering, and variations in clustering of risk factors based on socioeconomic factors. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in an urban area of Puducherry among 2399 adults during 2014-2015. Sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors were assessed through a validated STEPS survey tool. Individuals with three or more risk factors were classified to have clustering of NCD risk factors. Socioeconomic positions in relation to clustering were identified through Chi-square analysis followed by multiple logistic regression where clustering at family and area was adjusted through multilevel modeling techniques. Of the 2399 adults, 1741 (73%) had clustering of NCD risk factors. Inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables, high salt intake, and high waist circumference are the three predominant risk factors across all subgroups. Adults belonging to Christian religion (adjusted odds ratio [adjOR]: 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-5.2), aged 35 years and over (adjOR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.4-6.0), and illiterates (adjOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-5.5) are more likely to have clustered NCD risk factors compared to others. Clustering of NCD risk factors is highly prevalent in this region and mainly driven by dietary practices and obesity measures. There is an urgent need to reorient the health system toward integrated approach with mandated inclusion of nutritionist in NCD health service delivery.

Knowledge and Risk Factors Prevalence of Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in Nigeria: a case study of Adult population in Delta State

Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the major causes of mortality and morbidity globally. Knowledge about NCDs and their risk factors are not only considered critical in NCDs prevention and management, but hold the potential to reduce the burden.. Objective: This cross-sectional descriptive study was aimed at determining NCDs knowledge level and risk factors prevalence among adult population in Delta State. Data collection: A semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from the participants and was then subjected to data analysis using of SPSS version 20. Results: Findings shows low knowledge of NCDs and its risk factors with only 16.66% having good knowledge of NCDs and 12.17% good knowledge level of its risk factors. Prevalence profile of the risk factors among the participants revealed varied responses, with four risks factors showing high prevalence value of above 20%: sedentarism (23.96%); high fast foods consumption (39.79%); inadequate fruit and vegetable (37.70%); excess soft drinks consumption (62.71%) . Hypertension was the most self –reported NCDs among the studied population (43.75%), followed by 23.13%, chronic respiratory diseases 20.42% and diabetes 6.04%. Conclusion: These findings revealed clustering of NCDs risk factors among the studied population, thus an expected increase in NCDs burden consequently. Since most of these risk factors can be reduced by behavioral modifications, population wide education on NCDs and its risks factors as well as strengthening of the Primary health care centres for early detection is hereby recommended