Cluster Of Texts Research Articles

Lost in syllabification. Special cases of geminatio consonantium and syllabarum diuisio through the fringes of the Latin-Greek writing koine

AbstractThe present paper deals with a marginal divergent spelling consisting in the geminatio of a consonant littera in pre- or post-consonantal position. The phenomenon is found in both Latin and Greek non-literary texts. The analysis is conducted on two levels, one grapho-phonological and one historical. In fact, the phenomenon results to be particularly relevant as for the relation between spelling and syllabic representation of heterosyllabic clusters and as for the dimension of contact between Latin and Greek scripts. First, a synchronic cut of Latin non-literary texts is examined to evaluate the occurrence of this geminatio and its ratio of distribution along the different types of clusters. It can be stated that the geminatio at hand represents a metagraphic signal of syllab(ific)ation indeterminacy, as is further corroborated by the examination of metalinguistic sources. Secondly, the historical perspective is then addressed. This spelling can be interpreted as a feature, albeit marginal and stemming from ephemeral slips, of writing koine, as is further evidenced by the examination of two sample clusters of texts.

Echoes of Niranj Magic in the Work of Albert the Great

Niranj magic is a genre of magic which is closely connected with a cluster of texts known as Pseudo-Aristotelian Hermetica. As Charles Burnett’s groundbreaking study has shown, a part of these texts has been translated in Latin, albeit not without problems. In fact, the term niranj as such was never translated in Latin and thus tracing the ‘luck’ of this genre of magic in the texts of the Middle Ages is a difficult and arduous task. Despite the aforementioned challenges, this paper aims to show that echoes of niranj magic can be tracked in the work of Albert the Great. In this regard, my study can be deemed as a natural sequel of Burnett’s initial study.

The archive’s order. Ernst Simon’s notes on Heinrich Heine

ABSTRACT This article focuses on unpublished and published materials in the archive of Ernst Akiba Simon (1899–1988) at the National Library of Israel to discuss the émigré scholar’s writing on Heinrich Heine. The article asks, if and how the archive can help to understand Simon’s way of reading and writing. His work on Heine is part of a larger cluster of interconnected texts on literary and political, contemporary as well historical topics. The digital reproduction of Simon’s archive allows to trace these intertextual, dialogic characteristics of Simon’s writing and to explore them as manifestations of his thoughts on Jewish belonging.

Evaluation of Text Cluster Naming with Generative Large Language Models

Text clustering can streamline many labor-intensive tasks, but it creates a new challenge: efficiently labeling and interpreting the clusters. Generative large language models (LLMs) are a promising option to automate the process of naming text clusters, which could significantly streamline workflows, especially in domains with large datasets and esoteric language. In this study, we assessed the ability of GPT-3.5-turbo to generate names for clusters of texts and compared these to human-generated text cluster names. We clustered two benchmark datasets, each from a specialized domain: research abstracts and clinical patient notes. We generated names for each cluster using four prompting strategies (different ways of including information about the cluster in the prompt used to get LLM responses). For both datasets, the best prompting strategy beat the manual approach across all quality domains. However, name quality varied by prompting strategy and dataset. We conclude that practitioners should consider trying automated cluster naming to avoid bottlenecks or when the scale of the effort is enough to take advantage of the cost savings offered by automation, as detailed in our supplemental blueprint for using LLM cluster naming. However, to get the best performance, it is vital to test a variety of prompting strategies and perform a small test to identify which one performs best on each project’s unique data.

Sealed Bullae and Livestock Management at Irisaĝrig in the Early Old Babylonian Period

Abstract This article offers a detailed study of the organization of livestock management at Irisaĝrig in post-Ur III times. Three clusters of texts will be discussed, which focus on the activities of a small group of officials who oversaw the collection and disbursement of small cattle for religious and secular purposes. It is argued that the central urban organization on whose behalf these administrators operated was the local palace. The analysis of the archival records reveals a strong royal presence in the city and suggests that Irisaĝrig was an important center of the newly established kingdom of Malgûm Text abbreviations follow those of BDTNS = Database of Neo-Sumerian Texts (http://bdtns.filol.csic.es) and/or CDLI = Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (http://cdli.ucla.edu); other abbreviations after RlA. .

Norsk Omstilling i høyere utdanning som retorisk praksis – en fortolkende kritikk av tillit og agency

On a winter morning a questionnaire pops up in the inbox of the 1700 staff members at one of the new universities in Norway. Now everyone is supposed to answer questions about the work envi-ronment joining what is called an ‘ARK-survey’. It has been two mer-ges of institutions and a period of accreditation to get the status as university since the last time the staff was asked about the work envi-ronment. “The leader at my unit always acts honestly toward me” one of the questions sounds, expecting you to answer on a scale from 1 to 5. How to answer? The article constitutes an interpretative rhetorical criticism of a cluster of texts that prepared the institution for the sur-vey, the texts that formed the survey and selected texts that were pre-sented to the university board after the survey. The questions we seek to answer concern the rhetorical practices: What forms of rhetorical agency that are to be found? How do the texts and transactions reflect trust between leaders and employees? And how does the ARK-survey as a discursive tool impact a university in transformation?

Optimizing Multidocument Summarization by Blending Reinforcement Learning Policies

We consider extractive summarization within a cluster of related texts (multi-document summarization). Unlike single-document summarization, redundancy is particularly important because sentences across related documents might convey overlapping information. Thus, sentence extraction in such a setting is difficult because one will need to determine which pieces of information are relevant while avoiding unnecessary repetitiveness. To solve this difficult problem, we propose a novel reinforcement learning based method <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbf{PoBRL}$</tex-math></inline-formula> (<b>Po</b>licy <b>B</b>lending with maximal marginal relevance and <b>R</b>einforcement <b>L</b>earning) for solving multi-document summarization. PoBRL jointly optimizes over the following objectives necessary for a high-quality summary: importance, relevance, and length. Our strategy decouples this multi-objective optimization into different sub-problems that can be solved individually by reinforcement learning. Utilizing PoBRL, we then blend each learned policies to produce a summary that is a concise and a complete representation of the original input. Our empirical analysis shows high performance on several multi-document datasets. Human evaluation also shows that our method produces high-quality output.

Along the Wayside, Fall 2022

Along the Wayside, Fall 2022

Evaluating a typology of signals for automatic detection of complementarity

In a cluster of news texts on the same event, two sentences from different documents might express different multi-document phenomena (redundancy, complementarity, and contradiction). Cross-Document Structure Theory (CST) provides labels to explicitly represent these phenomena. The automatic identification of the multi-document phenomena and their correspondent CST relations is definitely handy for Automatic Multi-Document Summarization since it helps computers understand text meaning. In this paper, we evaluated a typology of (textual) signals for the automatic detection of the CST relations of complementarity (i.e., Historical background, Follow-up and Elaboration) in a multi-document corpus of news texts in Brazilian Portuguese. Using algorithms from different machine-learning paradigms, we obtained classifiers that achieved high general accuracy (higher than 90%), indicating the potential of the signals.

The Linguistic-Textual Markers in the Late Medieval Slavonic Biblical Translations from Jewish Originals

The article raises the question of language items (words or phrases) which could be the markers of a textual relationship between Biblical translations and their originals, on the examples of two East Slavonic texts created presumably in the 15th century in the Ruthenian lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The article is based on the data of the edited Slavonic-Russian Pentateuch and two versions of the East Slavonic translation of the Song of Song, from the museum (Russian State Library, Moscow, mid-16th century) and Vilna copies (Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences, Vilnius, first quarter of the 16th century), including the glossary for both versions from the so-called Zabelin Set, a cluster of Biblical texts translated from Jewish sources into Old Ruthenian from the 17th-century manuscript (State Historical Museum, Moscow). These examples demonstrate the importance of the search for possible intermediary languages for texts, which, by all formal indicators, are the fruit of direct language and literary contacts between Slavs and Jews. There are proposed methods of ascertaining an original language and the language of a possible intermediary through a system of linguistic-textual markers. The weakest linguistic-textual markers are Hebrew loanwords written with Cyrillic script, especially when these are proper names only. Such forms do not exclude the possibility that their source was not the Masoretic Text itself, but translations of the latter made within the framework of the same Jewish tradition, i.e., the Targums (cfr. in particular the ‘Old Yiddish Targum’ and the ‘Judeo-Turkic Targum’). The most reliable linguistic-textual marker turns out to be the presence of words that are not just foreign-language borrowings and not from the Hebrew language, but that also qualify as hapaxes that were not adopted by the language of the book tradition into which the corresponding translation was made. Between these two extreme types of markers there are intermediate steps, which in different ways reveal the presence of an intermediary language and an intermediary text, but as a whole, all the markers speak in favor of the existence of these intermediaries.

Герои национальных нарративов в зеркале исторической памяти Рунета (на материале больших данных социальной сети «ВКонтакте»)

The article presents the results of a study of narratives about national heroes in the historical communities of the most popular Russian social network VK. The study is based on 332,781 unique text messages extracted by automated methods using the VK open API. For data processing, the nodes of the PolyAnalyst analytical platform are used: the search query, sentiment analysis, text clustering, summaries, visualization nodes, and a number of nodes for text preprocessing. The data was interpreted on the base of the theoretical and methodological provisions of modern narratoLogy, according to which any communication process can be represented as a form of narration. The authors argue that historical personalities are regularly included in modern national contexts as a component of a single sign space that determines national identity and self-consciousness. Among the most popular are Vladimir Lenin (17,092 references), Josef Stalin (13,830 references), Nicholas II (4,917 references). The main narratives associated with Lenin relate to his faith in the struggle to improve people's Life and the foundation of Soviet Union, later marked by the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. Lenin's name remains significant at the everyday Level. Opinions about Stalin are traditionally controversial. The Largest cluster of texts about StaLin reveals the narrative of the Great Patriotic War and the man who Led his country to the Great Victory. The family narrative dominates in the texts about Nicholas II. For some modern Runet users, the Last Russian emperor is a symbol of “Russia that we have lost" Statistically significant are also narratives about NichoLas II as a saint, a martyr, a bad ruLer, and about renunciation. The appLied analysis of unstructured big data of sociaL media aLLows soLving fundamentaLLy new tasks of identifying new features of the mass historicaL consciousness, which expands our understanding of the historical memory space and specific characteristics of the nationaL identity of modern Russia.

О двух ойратских списках «Наказа Манджушри» из коллекции Н. Д. Кичикова (по материалам Кетченеровского краеведческого музея)

Introduction. The written heritage of Kalmyk Buddhist priests, their daily practices, liturgical repertoire still remain a poorly studied page in the history of Buddhism among Mongolic peoples in the 20th century. The survived collections, clusters of religious texts prove instrumental in revealing most interesting aspects of their activities, efforts aimed at preservation of Buddhist teachings, their popularization and dissemination among believers. Goals. The paper examines two Oirat copies of the Precepts of the Omniscient [Manjushri] from N. D. Kichikov’s collection, transliterates and translates the original texts, provides a comparative analysis, and notes differences therein that had resulted from the scribe’s work, thereby introducing the narratives into scientific circulation. Materials. The article describes two Oirat manuscripts bound in the form of a notebook and contained in different bundles/collections of Buddhist religious texts stored at Ketchenery Museum of Local History and Lore. As is known, the collection is largely compiled from texts that belonged to the famous Kalmyk Buddhist monk Namka (N. D. Kichikov). Results. The analysis of the two Oirat texts with identical titles — Precepts of the Omniscient [Manjushri] — shows that their contents coincide generally but both the texts contain fragmented omissions (separate words, one or several sentences) that are present in the other. At the same time, when omitting fragments of the text addressed to the monastic community, the scribe was obviously guided by that those would be superfluous for the laity. Thus, our comparative analysis of the two manuscript copies demonstrates the sometimes dramatic role of the scribe in transmitting Buddhist teachings.

Unsupervised Derivation of Keyword Summary for Short Texts

Automatically summarizing a group of short texts that mainly share one topic is a fundamental task in many applications, e.g., summarizing the main symptoms for a disease based on a group of medical texts that are usually short, i.e., tens of words. Conventional unsupervised short text summarization techniques tend to find the most representative short text document. However, they may cause privacy issues, e.g., personal information in the medical texts may be exposed. Moreover, compared with the complete short text where some unimportant words may exist, a summary consisting of only a few keywords is more preferable by the user due to its clear and concise form. Due to the above reasons, in this article, we aim to solve the problem of unsupervised derivation of keyword summary for short texts. Existing keyword extraction methods such as Latent Dirichlet Allocation cannot be applied to solve this problem, since (1) the ordering relations among the extracted keywords are ignored, which causes troubles for people to capture the main idea of the event, and (2) short texts contain limited context, which makes it hard to find the optimal words for semantic coverage. Hence, we propose a simple but yet effective method named Frequent Closed Wordsets Ranking (FCWRank) to derive the keyword summary from a short text cluster. FCWRank is an unsupervised method that builds on the idea of frequent closed itemset mining in transaction database. FCWRank first mines all frequent closed wordsets from a cluster of short texts and then selects the most important wordset based on an importance model where the similarity between closed wordsets and the relation between the closed wordset and the short text document are considered simultaneously. To make the keywords within the wordset more understandable, FCWRank further unfolds the semantics behind them by sorting them. Experiments on real-world short text collections show that FCWRank outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines in terms of Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation-Longest common subsequence F1, precision and recall scores.

Harvard Business Review's reframing of digital communication: From professional expertise to practical guidance

In the context of our research work focused on mapping the latest multimodal and hypermodal strategies of constructing and communicating expert knowledge (e.g. Maier, 2014; Maier and Engberg, 2019; Engberg and Maier, 2015a, 2015b; Engberg and Maier, 2019), in this paper we address hypermodal strategies used for conveying domain-specific knowledge and offering practical guidance to various audiences.The empirical evidence is represented by a cluster of digital texts from the Harvard Business Review webpages (https://hbr.org/). This digital context aimed at communicating domain-specific knowledge and practical guidance is characterized by hypermodal communication strategies meant to accommodate various levels of expertise and interests.The paper presents and explains methodological tools suitable for investigating comprehensibility and engagement enhancement when addressing potentially non-academic receivers in a website context. For this purpose, we explore the interaction of semiotic modes as well as hypermodal combinations of the web-based genres. In this context, we aim especially at identifying the roles of the digital affordances in communicating professional expertise and practical guidance with a basis in the same Internet venue. The impact of promotional strategies is also explained.The relevance of this research work lies in its contribution to a better understanding of the complex hypermodal strategies used for reframing the communication of domain-specific knowledge to various audiences.

The Strange Ecologies of Empire

This essay reads nineteenth-century imperial India as the mise en scène for certain critical concatenations of human sovereignty, divinity, and animality. It does so by focusing on the imperial state's war upon human and extrahuman forms of predation, showcasing in the process a cluster of texts on collective criminal activity, hunting, and popular religion and folklore that share certain grids of intelligibility and vocabularies of rule. Collocating these texts on human and nonhuman predation brings into visibility the degree to which imperial sovereignty in the Victorian period entails traffic across human and extrahuman domains. Thus, thinking about the sanctioned killing of fearsome animal predators comes to be twinned with thinking about wars of pacification against dangerous humans and noxious deities. To think imperial sovereignty consequently involves thinking with humans and animals but also thinking with mutually antagonistic theological forces, Hindu and Christian—and in thinking these together. An attentiveness to these heterogeneous ecologies of empire might serve to illuminate the degree to which the imperial project depends on a complex mesh of transversal and co-constitutive life-forms and forces.

О текстах из астрологического сборника калмыцкого зурхачи (предварительные замечания)

Introduction. Concerns for the health of community members are universally widespread and most essential at all times. The significance attached by the Kalmyks and their ethnic ancestors Oirats to the nation’s physical health can be traced in various sources, including medical essays (Gyu-zhi and related comments, lhantabs, etc.), dhāraṇī texts and astrological collections. Materials and Methods. The paper introduces a textual analysis of the mentioned Clear Script (Oirat-language) collection containing minor Tibetan-language fragments, and employs research methods of auxiliary historical disciplines. Results. While purely medical texts prescribed specific diagnostic and healing methods, astrological works tended to focus on preventive measures and recommendations for maintaining health and social well-being. Available Kalmykia-based collections of Buddhist written monuments once owned by priests with differing Buddhist expertise (medicine, astrology, and philosophy proper) — also differ structurally, thematically, and functionally. One such collection used to belong to the astrologer Borlga Utnasna Serksh (Chkalovsky village, Ketchenerovsky District, Kalmykia), and includes separate independent works, thematic clusters of texts, and graphic images. Kalmyk astrologers considered periods of human life in accordance with Buddhist knowledge and ideas of life components that emphasized — when it came to a certain individual and his/her birth circumstances — respective new year (Oriental) dates, place of a year in the 12-year animal cycle, actual period of the five (or primary) elements, menge (congenital marks), etc. In astrological practices, special attention was (and still is) paid to the removal of ‘obstacles’ resulting from the ‘disharmony’ (Oir. xarsi) between bride and groom’s birth years (and what should be done thereto); the latter also received recommendations explaining which deity was supposed to bless the marriage. Conclusions. The examined texts are a valuable historical source providing insights into actual practices of Kalmyk astrologers (Kalm. zurхaci) and ethnic standards of behavior prescribed by astrology, and how the latter accumulated worldview attitudes and orientation patterns developed by Buddhist dogma at large.

A (Still) Marginal Modernity, or The Artist as Stenographer

This essay discusses some of the stakes involved in this issue's cluster of texts on women photographers of Weimar Germany. They are critical assessments by contemporary art historians that draw attention to the still unfinished feminist project of questioning disciplinary assumptions around gender, sexuality, labor, and technologies of reproduction. These essays accompany four new translations of articles written in the 1960s and ’70s by a participant of that historical moment, Lucia Moholy, whose early reflections on the historical avant-gardes anticipate its feminist critique.

From the Psalter back to the Psalms. Observations and Suggestions

AbstractThe essay is a plea for ending the hunt for the message inscribed into the final shaping of the Psalter. After the psalms had to suffer from exaggerated form-critical categorisation and other approaches, the Psalter is not in need of having its content labelled with inadequate generalising terms. The complexity of the psalms does not favour this approach. Instead, the psalms are waiting to be appreciated as textual individuals and each psalm as part of its special position in a manageable cluster of texts. In view of the Psalter as a whole the predominance of petition and praise, manifest in the title Tehillim, deserves closer theological attention.

ПОЭТИКА ЦИКЛИЗАЦИИ В ПРОЗЕ ЮРИЯ БУЙДЫ

The article studies the poetics of the contemporary writer Yuriy Buyda in the context of the contemporary Russian short story. The analysis of historically specific forms of Buyda’s cyclization is considered as part of the general tasks of historical poetics in studying the evolution of literary forms. Structural and semiotic analysis of the writer’s works reveals that his prose forms peculiar cycles-clusters, ‘archipelagos’, where a cycle of stories appears to be related to novels. This connection is primarily determined by the setting, but also by recurring heroes and a specific – cumulative rather than cyclical – plot that traces its origin to myth. Through the example of one such cluster of texts – the cycles Zhungli, Gates of Zhungli (Vrata Zhungley) (2011), Lions and Lilies (L’vy i Lilii) (2013), the novel Blue Blood (Sinyaya krov’) and related works – the paper investigates the nature and logic of the depicted world, the mechanisms of its intra-textual connections, as well as the genesis due to both the nature of the author’s artistic thinking and the social, historical and literary, biographical context. Thus, we can observe a tendency of transcending the genre boundaries of a story or novel in favor of hypertext rhizomatic formations – based on mythologizing strategies. These features correlate with the general interest of contemporary Russian literature in collections of short stories, on the one hand, and the contemporary novel’s leaning to disintegration of a single narrative and fragmentation, on the other. It is possible that the tendencies toward hypertext strategies for text generation are determined by the general properties of modern thinking and social communication since today the social morphology of society is built in the form of networks.

Zabelin’s Set: The Early Unknown Cluster of the Old Ruthenian Biblical Translations from Hebrew Sources (by the Manuscript from the 17th Century)

The paper presents and publishes the cluster of the early unknown Biblical texts translated from Hebrew sources into Old Ruthenian, which was found by the author in the Miscellany No. 436 in the Collection of Ivan Zabelin, the second quarter of the 17th century, deposited in the State Historical Museum, Moscow. The Miscellany contains scholia on the Song of Songs, fragments Num 24:2–25, 23:18–19, Isaiah 10:32–12:4, and Proverbs 8:11–31. Zabelin’s Set has a textual connection to the translations of the Vilna Biblical Collection, the Museum copy of the Church Slavonic Song of Songs, and the Cyrillic Hebrew Manual, the second copy of which – also early unknown – comes before the Set. The author hypothesizes that Zabelin’s Set belongs to the activities of the late medieval East Slavic Christian Hebraists.