Cluster-based Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Research Articles

Hybrid Optimization-Based Multi-Path Routing for Dynamic Cluster-Based MANET

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) have emerging applications in real-time with lots of research challenges. Specifically, the dynamic nature of the mobile nodes limits the performance of routing in MANET. The existing routing algorithms, such as AODV, DSR, and DSDV, lack performance due to an ineffectual route discovery procedure. When it comes to large-scale applications such as air pollution monitoring, routing becomes more complex and consumes more energy for route selection. This research work aims to increase data delivery while minimizing energy consumption for air pollution monitoring applications. To achieve this, we have proposed a novel Hybrid Optimization methodology for MANETs. First, we partitioned the network into multiple dynamic clusters by using Dual Constraint Clustering (DCC) approach that works upon Mobility Metric (MoM) and Hop Count (HC). In each cluster, the Cluster Head (CH) is selected by Type-II fuzzy approach. Then, routing is performed by Hybrid Cellular Automata and African Buffalo Optimization (HCA2BO) algorithm. The proposed optimization algorithm considers multiple metrics to select an optimum route. The extensive analysis in the ns-3 simulation tool shows enhanced performance in network lifetime, energy consumption, and delay. Also, an air pollution monitoring application is demonstrated in the proposed work.

Grid Based Clustering with Intrusion Detection System to Extend Network Lifetime in Mobile ADHOC Network

The key determination of researches on cluster-based Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) and the election of consistent energy holding Cluster Head (CH) is to improve the lifetime of the network. Both in real-time as well as non-real-time basis data are collected and spread accordingly. Energy efficiency is said to be the major concern in MANET. Every node in the network supplied with preferred node energy and it will get exhausted whenever node transmits the data. When node runs out of energy transmission may be failed. In order to avoid transmission failure, energy-efficient methods are incorporated in data transmission. In this paper, a clustering method is proposed which is grounded by the Grid-based model. Static sinks in the MANET transmit the data to the transmission area which is distant to the destination that may lead to the energy-hole problem. Hence, an efficient approach is proposed wherein a centralized cluster configuration by the mobile sink is used for Grid-Based Clustering (GBC) and Verification algorithm to achieve improved energy balance to thereby extending network lifetime in the network. The simulation results depict that the GBC and Verification method can effectively increase the network lifetime and energy dissipation.

On state maintenance in cluster-based mobile ad-hoc networks

Clustering is an effective strategy for tackling the dynamics and scalability in a large-scale mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). However, the mobility of the nodes makes it very difficult to maintain the states of the clusters, such as connectivity between clusters, available bandwidth, and node membership. A good maintenance scheme should balance the workload and power consumption of the nodes, incur little overhead, and track the changes timely and accurately. For this, we consider the implementation of a maintenance sublayer to handle the dynamic state of the clusters. The idea is to hide the dynamics of the underlying clusters, to improve the performance of applications in MANET. In this paper, we examine the design space of the state maintenance problem in cluster-based MANETs. At one end, we study a fully distributed approach, called Cluster-Based WithOut Head Overlay (CWOHO). At the other end, we consider the strategy that uses cluster heads to handle the maintenance operations, called Cluster-Based With Head Overlay (CWHO). In-between two extremes, we investigate a third possibility, called Clusters with Neighbor Information (CNI). We provide an in-depth and comprehensive study of these strategies under various network conditions and mobility models. Our experimental evaluation shows that the data delivery ratio of CWOHO is at least 7% more than CWHO, under increasing node mobility and number of clusters. However, the reverse is true for the control overhead.

MAQ

Protected data transmission in cluster based Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) is a challenging mission due to the high level of node mobility of nodes and resource constrained autonomous stations during packet routing. To target this mission, a Mobile Agent based QoS (MAQ) platform has been planned in this paper that uses an improved clustering algorithm during data communication. A Mobile agent architecture has been anticipated in a way that it is coupled with the cluster head of every cluster in MANET and when priority based real time application gets notified in these clusters then the proposed system gets activated to support prioritized service to these applications including checking and monitoring the flow characteristics for real time applications. JADE (Java Agent Development Environment) based prioritized scheme at the mobile agent has been implemented in the proposed system. As this is a function oriented approach, so the overall network performance significantly improves resulting better throughput and packet delivery ratio.

A Topology Control Method with Prediction of Lossy Links in Cluster Based Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Many effects have been applied to maintain the stable topology and increase the stability of the Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET). Traditional Topology control mechanisms fail to consider lossy links which provide only probabilistic connectivity. The existing methods such as cooperative communication, Distributed Topology Control method, and Joint authentication control method have not ensured the survivability of a node. The high possibility of a link breakdown due to low energy in ad-hoc networks causes the cluster head selection issues with regard to achieving the best possible service reliability. We propose Cluster Dependent Topology Control (CDTC) Framework, which provides the ability to elect a cluster head by taking few metrics such as the residual energy of the cluster head, the lifetime of a cluster head within a cluster and network reachability. We attempt to find the minimal survivability of nodes under the conditions of the dynamic movement of individual nodes which will ensure that a set of mobile nodes form a connected network. Our proposed method is on-demand, which balances link failure, improves the network connectivity, and prolongs the lifetime of MANETs.

Cooperative Load Balancing and Dynamic Channel Allocation for Cluster-Based Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are becoming increasingly common, and typical network loads considered for MANETs are increasing as applications evolve. This, in turn, increases the importance of bandwidth efficiency while maintaining tight requirements on energy consumption, delay and jitter. Coordinated channel access protocols have been shown to be well suited for highly loaded MANETs under uniform load distributions. However, these protocols are in general not as well suited for non-uniform load distributions as uncoordinated channel access protocols due to the lack of on-demand dynamic channel allocation mechanisms that exist in infrastructure based coordinated protocols. In this paper, we present a lightweight dynamic channel allocation mechanism and a cooperative load balancing strategy that are applicable to cluster based MANETs to address this problem. We present protocols that utilize these mechanisms to improve performance in terms of throughput, energy consumption and inter-packet delay variation (IPDV). Through extensive simulations we show that both dynamic channel allocation and cooperative load balancing improve the bandwidth efficiency under non-uniform load distributions compared to protocols that do not use these mechanisms as well as compared to the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol with GTS mechanism and the IEEE 802.11 uncoordinated protocol.

Secure and Efficient Collaborative Load Balancing for Cluster-based MANETs

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are becoming increasingly common, and typical network loads considered for MANETs are increasing as applications evolve. Coordinated channel access protocols have been shown to be well suited for highly loaded MANETs under uniform load distributions. However, these protocols are in general not as well suited for non-uniform load distributions as uncoordinated channel access protocols due to the lack of ondemand dynamic channel allocation mechanisms that exist in infrastructure based coordinated protocols. In this paper, we present a lightweight dynamic channel allocation mechanism and a cooperative load balancing strategy that are applicable to cluster based MANETs to address this problem. We present protocols that utilize these mechanisms to improve performance in terms of throughput, energy consumption and inter-packet delay variation. A secure data transmission for cluster-based WSNs, where the clusters are formed dynamically and periodically. We propose two secure and efficient data transmission (SET) protocols for CWSNs, called SET-IBS and SET-IBOOS, by using the identity-based digital signature (IBS) scheme and the identity-based online/ offline digital signature (IBOOS) scheme, respectively. In SET-IBS, security relies on the hardness of the Diffie-Hellman problem in the pairing domain. SET-IBOOS further reduces the computational overhead for protocol security, which is crucial for WSNs, while its security relies on the hardness of the discrete logarithm problem. We show the feasibility of the SET-IBS and SET-IBOOS protocols with respect to the security requirements and security analysis against various

DISTRIBUTED CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY IN CLUSTER-BASED MANET USING MULTI SECRET SHARING SCHEME

Providing secure communications in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) is an important and difficult problem, due to a lack of a key management infrastructure. The authentica tion is an important security service in (MANETs). To provide a node authentication service we use a fully distributed certificate authorities (FDCA) based on the threshold cryptography. In this paper we propose an efficient and verifiable multi secret sharing scheme in cluster-based MANET with a low computation system. Our scheme is based on the overdetermined linear system equation in Galois fields GF(2 r ). We have analyzed our scheme based on security and performance criteria, and compared with existing approaches. The efficiency of our proposed schemes was verified and evaluated by simula tion. Simulation results show that this approach is scalable.

Anonymous Cluster-Based MANETs with Threshold Signature

Security supports are a significant factor in the design of security system in ad hoc networks. It is particularly important to protect the identities of individual nodes to avoid personal privacy concerns. In this paper, we propose a security system for ID-based anonymous cluster-based MANETs to protect the privacy of nodes. Moreover, we propose a threshold signature scheme without pairing computations, which diminishes the computation load on each node. To the best of our knowledge, our proposed security system is the first in which the pseudonym is combined with cluster-based mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) without a trusted entity. According to our protocol analysis, our proposal satisfies most properties for an anonymous security system and effectively copes with dynamic environments with greater efficiency by using secret sharing schemes. Therefore, it could be usefully applied to preserve privacy in dynamic MANETs without a trusted entity, such as military battlefields, emergency areas, mobile marketplaces, and vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs).