Cloud Service Brokerage Research Articles

Dynamic Demand Prediction and Allocation in Cloud Service Brokerage

To maximize its own profit, cloud service brokerage (CSB) aims to distribute tenant demands to reserved servers such that the total reservation cost is minimized with the tenants’ service level agreement (SLA) being satisfied. The <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">demand allocation</i> problem for CSB is non-trivial to solve due to uncertainty of tenants’ behavior. To avoid possible violations among demands, existing schemes allocate additional padding resources on the predicted demands, which leads to under-utilization of reserved resources. Accordingly, we propose a <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Probabilistic Demand Allocation</i> (PDA) system to address the demand allocation problem for CSB. In PDA, we not only predict tenants’ demands based on their historical records, but also estimate the probability distribution of prediction errors. As over- and under-estimation are equally likely to happen with our prediction method, when allocating demands to a single server, their errors are possibly offset. Hence, it is unnecessary to allocate additional resource to each demand for violation prevention. Given the predication results, we formulate the demand allocation problem by probabilistic optimization, of which the objective is to minimize the overall cost from reserved servers while satisfying tenants’ SLA with high probability. Both simulation and real-world experimental results demonstrate the superiority of PDA in reducing servers’ reservation cost.

Бізнес-моделі хмарного надання ІТ-послуг

Бізнес-моделі хмарного надання ІТ-послуг

Towards Green Cloud Computing: Demand Allocation and Pricing Policies for Cloud Service Brokerage

Functioning as an intermediary between tenants and cloud providers, cloud service brokerages (CSBs) can bring about great benefits to the cloud market. As energy costs of cloud computing have been increasing rapidly, there is a need for cloud providers to optimize energy efficiency while maintain high service level performance to tenants, not only for their own benefit but also for social welfares. Thus, for green cloud companies, two questions have arisen: 1) under what pricing policies from the cloud providers to the CSB, a profit-driven CSB is willing to minimize the total energy cost while satisfy tenant demands and 2) how should a CSB distribute tenants demands to achieve this objective? To address question 1), we find a pricing policy for cloud providers such that maximizing CSBs profit is equivalent to minimizing cloud providers energy cost. To address question 2), we first devise a greedy solution, and then propose an approximation algorithm and a decomposition-based solution with a constant approximation ratio. Both simulation and real-world Amazon EC2 experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our pricing policy to incentivize CSBs to save energy and the superior performance of our algorithms in energy efficiency and resource utilization over the previous algorithms.

Cloud service selection using cloud service brokers: approaches and challenges

Cloud computing users are faced with a wide variety of services to choose from. Consequently, a number of cloud service brokers (CSBs) have emerged to help users in their service selection process. This paper reviews the recent approaches that have been introduced and used for cloud service brokerage and discusses their challenges accordingly. We propose a set of attributes for a CSB to be considered effective. Different CSBs’ approaches are classified as either single service or multiple service models. The CSBs are then assessed, analyzed, and compared with respect to the proposed set of attributes. Based on our studies, CSBs with multiple service models that support more of the proposed effective CSB attributes have wider application in cloud computing environments.

A Classification and Comparison Framework for Cloud Service Brokerage Architectures

Cloud service brokerage and related management and marketplace concepts have been identified as key concerns for future cloud technology development and research. Cloud service management is an important building block of cloud architectures that can be extended to act as a broker service layer between consumers and providers, and even to form marketplace services. We present a three-pronged classification and comparison framework for broker platforms and applications. A range of specific broker development concerns like architecture, programming and quality are investigated. Based on this framework, selected management, brokerage and marketplace solutions will be compared, not only to demonstrate the utility of the framework, but also to identify challenges and wider research objectives based on an identification of cloud broker architecture concerns and technical requirements for service brokerage solutions. We also discuss emerging cloud architecture concerns such as commoditisation and federation of integrated, vertical cloud stacks.

Status of Cloud Service Adoption in Climate Risk Country

Ghana has attained cloud readiness indices facilitating services adoption by local enterprises through brokerage firms. Accordingto Gartner group by 2015, at least 20% of all cloud services will be consumed via internal or external cloud service brokerages,rather than directly with service providers. It means enterprises must identify local cloud brokerage firms to intermediate for cloudclients and service providers. We aimed at surveying cloud service awareness among enterprises in Ghana. We performed fieldstudy using statistical tool to analyze data collected among 45-participants spread across 20 local enterprises, using purposivesampling in the selection of strategic enterprise managers located in the second largest city, Kumasi, Ghana. We employedDelphi technique involving three Information Technology experts to validate responses in reducing margin of error in the analysis.We found that 67% respondents are unaware of local cloud service brokerage firms. Alternatively, 33% respondents mentioned atleast one local cloud brokerage firm; although experts believed some did a chess guessing to have it correct. Our Delphi expertsattributed this alarming percentile to lack of policy stakeholders involvement in ensuring cloud adoption readiness. We concludedon effective sensitization of cloud computing service adoption in optimizing data center proliferation by enterprises in Ghana.Adopting cloud computing over data center helps in reducing global warming contributed by heat emissions from computingservers.

Cloud service brokerage: enhancing resilience in virtual enterprises through service governance and quality assurance

We argue that cloud service brokerage (CSB) mechanisms can strengthen the resilience of services in cloud-based VEs. In this respect, we present the Service Completeness-Compliance Checker (SC\(^3\)), a mechanism which offers capabilities with respect to the quality assurance dimension of CSB. More specifically, the SC\(^3\) strengthens the resilience of cloud services by evaluating their conformance with pre-specified policies concerning the business aspects of their delivery, as well as by managing the evolution of their lifecycle in a controlled and policy-based manner. By relying on an ontology-based representation of policies and services, the SC\(^3\) achieves a proper separation of concerns between policy definition and policy enforcement. This effectively enables the SC\(^3\) to operate in a manner generic and agnostic to any underlying cloud delivery platform, as well as to reason about the well-formedness of the pre-specified policies.

Research challenges in legal-rule and QoS-aware cloud service brokerage

The ICT industry and specifically critical sectors, such as healthcare, transportation, energy and government, require as mandatory the compliance of ICT systems and services with legislation and regulation, as well as with standards. In the era of cloud computing, this compliance management issue is exacerbated by the distributed nature of the system and by the limited control that customers have on the services. Today, the cloud industry is aware of this problem (as evidenced by the compliance program of many cloud service providers), and the research community is addressing the many facets of the legal-rule compliance checking and quality assurance problem.Cloud service brokerage plays an important role in legislation compliance and QoS management of cloud services. In this paper we discuss our experience in designing a legal-rule and QoS-aware cloud service broker, and we explore relate research issues. Specifically we provide three main contributions to the literature: first, we describe the detailed design architecture of the legal-rule and QoS-aware broker. Second, we discuss our design choices which rely on the state of the art solutions available in literature. We cover four main research areas: cloud broker service deployment, seamless cloud service migration, cloud service monitoring, and legal rule compliance checking. Finally, from the literature review in these research areas, we identify and discuss research challenges.

이종 분산 클라우드 서비스 브로커리지 환경에서의 사용자 통합 인증 시스템 설계

이종 분산 클라우드 서비스 브로커리지 환경에서의 사용자 통합 인증 시스템 설계

Trusted Energy-Efficient Cloud-Based Services Brokerage Platform

The use of cloud computing can increase service efficiency and service level agreements for cloud users, by linking them to an appropriate cloud service provider, using the cloud services brokerage paradigm. Cloud service brokerage represents a promising new layer which is to be added to the cloud computing network, which manages the use, performance and delivery of cloud services, and negotiates relationships between cloud service providers and cloud service consumers. The work presented in this paper studies the research related to cloud service brokerage systems along with the weaknesses and vulnerabilities associated with each of these systems, with a particular focus on the multicloud-based services environment. In addition, the paper will conclude with a proposed multi-cloud framework that overcomes the weaknesses of other listed cloud brokers. The new framework aims to find the appropriate data centre in terms of energy efficiency, QoS and SLA. Moreover, it presents a security model aims to protect the proposed multicloud framework and highlights the key features that must be available in multi-cloud-based brokerage systems.

클라우드 사용자 요구사항 기반으로 클라우드 서비스 중개를 위한 가상 클라우드 뱅크 아키텍처

클라우드 컴퓨팅 패러다임의 등장에 따라 다수의 클라우드 서비스와 클라우드 사용자를 연계해 주는 CSB(Cloud Service Brokerage) 라는 개념이 제시되었다. CSB 에 등록되어 비슷한 기능을 제공하는 클라우드 서비스들은 제공자마다 성능, 가격 등에 차이가 있으므로, 클라우드 사용자가 클라우드 서비스를 사용하기 위해 적합한 서비스를 찾기 어렵다. 따라서 다수의 클라우드 서비스 중에서 클라우드 사용자의 요구사항에 가장 적합한 클라우드 서비스를 찾아주는 방법을 CSB 에서 핵심적으로 고려해야 한다. 본 논문은 클라우드 사용자의 요구사항을 수집하고 분석하는 방법과 다양한 클라우드 서비스를 명세하는 SAM을 포함하는 CSB 로써 가상 클라우드 뱅크 아키텍처를 제시한다. 본 논문에서 제시한 가상 클라우드 뱅크 아키텍처는 클라우드 사용자의 요구사항에 적합한 클라우드 서비스 제공을 위한 CSB의 참조 아키텍처로 활용할 수 있다.

Study on model fostering for cloud service brokerage

The growing company that provides high quality service to every customer by introducing a cloud system organization. However, the information needs diverse and different cloud systems, so every cloud system can act as a security system that provide appropriate cloud systems. Cloud services are becoming complicated and diversified depending on concerns about cloud security continues, the growing need of professionalism held by the cloud service (CSB : cloud service brokerage) companies. Thus, to analyze the various services, find my support legislation to solve, security and delete compatibility issues, the services of the best new business through service offerings tailored to the environment, and will implement the necessary management services which which is brokerage (CSB). This study presents a brokerage (CSB) development model, and suggests policy measures that apply to the co-operation that I am having difficulties in cloud service business models.

클라우드 서비스 브로커를 위한 소프트웨어의 서비스 수준 합의 명세 모델과 중개 방법

SLA (Service Level Agreement) is an essential factor that must be guaranteed to provide a reliable and consistent service to user in cloud computing environment. Especially, a contract between user and service provider with SLA is important in an environment using a cloud service brokerage. The cloud computing is classified into IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS according to IT resources of the various cloud service. The existing SLA is difficult to reflect the quality factors of service, because it only considers factors about the physical Network environment and have no methodological approach. In this paper, we suggested a method to specify the quality characteristics of software and proposed a mechanism and structure that can exchange SLA specification between the service provider and consumer. We defined a meta-model for the SLA specification in the SaaS level, and quality requirements of the SaaS were described by the proposed specification language. Through case studies, we verified proposed specification language that can present a variety of software quality factors. By using the UDDI-based mediation process and architecture to interchange this specification, it is stored in the repository of quality specifications and exchanged during service binding time.

클라우드서비스 브로커리지 성공모델 육성 연구

클라우드서비스 브로커리지 성공모델 육성 연구

A Cloud Service Broker with Legal-Rule Compliance Checking and Quality Assurance Capabilities

Abstract The ICT industry, and specifically critical sectors such as healthcare, transportation, energy and government require as mandatory the compliance of the ICT systems and services with legislation and regulation, as well as with standards. In the era of cloud computing, and particularly in a public cloud scenario, this compliance management issue is exacerbated by the distributed nature of the system and by the limited control of the customer on the infrastructure/services. Also if the cloud industry is aware of this legislation/regulation compliance issue (e.g. the compliance program of Amazon, Google and Microsoft Azure), right now, there are nor reference architectures neither mechanisms capable to check and to assure, off-line and at run-time, that the compliance is guaranteed during the whole life cycle of a cloud service. Cloud service brokerage can play an important role in law/regulation compliance management of cloud services. In this paper we propose a broker-based solution for the management of law/regulation compliance. In the specific first we define a reference architecture for a legislation-aware cloud service broker, and second we propose an autonomic manager that integrate the MAPE-K control loop with the LegEx framework for the management of the legal compliance checking lifecycle.

Survey on Important Cloud Service Provider Attributes Using the SMI Framework

Enterprises are harnessing the many benefits that Cloud Computing can give them. Yet the lack of standards, the integration with legacy systems and the numerous Cloud Service Providers available are obstacles to this adoption. Cloud Service Brokerage is a new trend in Cloud Computing. This tool plays an important role in solving these problems, by intermediating between many Providers and other Services/Systems, increasing security and privacy, and selecting which Provider meets one's objectives (cost reduction, reliability, etc.). This paper presents a survey on important attributes of Cloud Service Providers for Governments and relates those results to the SMI Framework.