Closure Of Camp Research Articles

The persistent urbanising effect of refugee camps: evidence from Tanzania, 1985–2015

ABSTRACT With the rise of forced displacement, attention has turned to the economic impact of refugees. However, few studies investigate long-term impacts. We use data for Tanzania for the period 1985–2015 to examine the effect of camps on urbanisation and local development, exploiting a unique satellite-derived dataset of high spatial resolution and temporal frequency. We show a modest but significant effect of refugee camps on built-up area up to a 100 km distance. We then match camp locations to regional gross domestic product, local consumption spending and employment patterns. Output in areas with camps grew at a faster rate during camp operation, but closure of camps was associated with change in economic activity. Activity induced by camps is largely in non-tradeable goods and services rather than inducing longer run structural transformation.

Rethinking solutions for protracted refugee situation: A case study of the Buduburam refugee camp closure in Ghana

Despite the passage of three decades since their forced migration, many former Liberian refugees remain confined within the Buduburam refugee camp in Ghana. Recent tensions between the former refugees and the Ghanaian government have arisen due to the proposed closure of the camp. In light of these circumstances, this paper reexamines the preferred durable solution sought by the former refugees and demonstrates its relevance within their current protracted situation in Ghana. The study adopts a comprehensive approach that combines data from past interviews, a survey conducted amongst former refugees, and insights derived from a rapid scoping review of the existing literature. By synthesising these various sources of information, this paper sheds light on the nuanced perspectives and ideas expressed by the former refugees. Furthermore, it explores how the findings from these data sources have shaped the present state of affairs within the Buduburam refugee camp. The study reveals that a significant majority (∼77%) of the former refugees expressed a strong preference for resettlement in a third advanced country, driven not only by security concerns but also by their aspirations for improved economic wellbeing. This preference for resettlement stands in contrast to the available solutions offered by governing institutions, which have contributed to the protracted nature of their situation. Nonetheless, there were marginal discrepancies in the inclination towards durable solutions among individuals, contingent upon their educational attainment (x2 = 30.452; p = 0.002) and marital status (x2 = 23.746; p = 0.022). Drawing on the available evidence and insights gained from the former refugees, this paper advocates for a more comprehensive bottom-up, multifactorial approach to the implementation of durable solutions for refugees. It emphasises the need for a more holistic and concurrent application of all viable solutions, right from the beginning of refugee settlement in host countries, to break the cycle of protracted displacement. By taking into account the persistent preferences and needs of the affected individuals, policymakers and governing institutions can work towards implementing durable solutions that address both the immediate and long-term aspirations of refugees, aiming to bring an end to the protracted refugee cycle once and for all.

Reproductive Injustice at the Southern Border and Beyond: An Analysis of Current Events and Hope for the Future.

Reproductive Injustice at the Southern Border and Beyond: An Analysis of Current Events and Hope for the Future.

REFUGEES: Dadaab Camp Closure

Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical SeriesVolume 56, Issue 3 p. 22496C-22497C Continental Developments REFUGEES: Dadaab Camp Closure First published: 02 May 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2019.08836.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume56, Issue3May 2019Pages 22496C-22497C RelatedInformation

Prevention and Control of Youth Camp-Associated Acute Gastroenteritis Outbreaks.

Approximately 14 million children attend more than 14000 US camps every year. Shared accommodations and activities can facilitate acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks. We analyzed data from the National Outbreak Reporting System on US youth camp-associated AGE outbreaks that occurred between 2009 and 2016. We also conducted a systematic literature search of youth camp-associated AGE outbreaks that have occurred around the world and a gray literature search for existing recommendations on outbreak prevention and control at camps worldwide. Thirty-nine US jurisdictions reported a total of 229 youth camp-associated AGE outbreaks to the National Outbreak Reporting System. Of the 226 outbreaks included in our analyses, 120 (53%) were reported to have resulted from person-to-person transmission, 42 (19%) from an unknown transmission mode, 38 (17%) from foodborne transmission, 19 (8%) from waterborne transmission, 5 (2%) from animal contact, and 2 (<1%) from environmental contamination. Among 170 (75%) outbreaks with a single suspected or confirmed etiology, norovirus (107 [63%] outbreaks), Salmonella spp (16 [9%]), and Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (12 [7%]) were implicated most frequently. We identified 43 additional youth camp-associated AGE outbreaks in the literature that occurred in various countries between 1938 and 2014. Control measures identified through the literature search included camp closure, separation of ill campers, environmental disinfection, and education on food preparation and hand hygiene. Youth camp-associated AGE outbreaks are caused by numerous pathogens every year. These outbreaks are facilitated by factors that include improper food preparation, inadequate cleaning and disinfection, shared accommodations, and contact with animals. Health education focused on proper hygiene and preventing disease transmission could help control or prevent these outbreaks.

Troubling stories of the end of occupy: Feminist narratives of betrayal at occupy Glasgow

ABSTRACTThis article offers a feminist take on the question of why Occupy camps closed down, in the form of a narrative analysis of interviews from participants in Occupy Glasgow. In response to the emergence of an activist discourse emphasising the role of external forces in camp closure and the existence of a longer-term legacy in terms of individual and community politicisation, I build here on feminist interventions that point instead to serious internal problems within the camps and thus to a more limited legacy. Interrogating the plotting, characterisation and denouement of interviewee narratives, I show that feminist participants in Occupy Glasgow characterise the trajectory of the camp as a tragedy, attribute responsibility for the camp’s demise to co-campers and sometimes to themselves, and present the outcome of Occupy Glasgow as limited, and in some cases even traumatic. This raises serious questions about the culmination and outcomes of Occupy in Glasgow and more generally, and indicates the extent of the hard work remaining if future mobilisation against neoliberal austerity is to be more inclusive and sustainable. The article closes by considering the theoretical implications for the wider question of why movements come to an end.

The Politics of Home: Displacement and Resettlement in Postcolonial Kenya

This article examines Operation Rudi Nyumbani (Operation Return Home), the resettlement of internally displaced persons (IDPs) following Kenya's 2007/8 post-election violence. In spite of the humanitarian nature of the operation, human rights monitors documented egregious abuses, most notably the use of force to close down camps. To address why the government was so intent upon immediate closure of camps, I examine the design and implementation of the operation in its historical context: placing Rudi Nyumbani at the intersection of trends involving land, ethnicity and class. I argue that protection of inequitable, colonial institutions – particularly institutions of land ownership – motivated the government to implement Rudi Nyumbani in the manner and the timing that it did. Existing literature analyses the role of Kenya's governing-elite in instigating violence, but stops short of examining its role in the humanitarian response. I seek to bridge the literature on humanitarianism with that on Kenyan politics.

El control de la tuberculosis en refugiados y desplazados

As a result of national and international conflicts, the number of refugees and displaced persons in various countries of the world is increasing. The complex and protracted nature of these conflicts often forces refugees to remain away from their countries for long periods, living in refugee camps. Many refugees come from countries where tuberculosis is endemic and, once the immediate problems of establishing a camp are overcome, this disease becomes the principal problem affecting refugee camps. In order to advise the persons in charge of refugee camps on how to set up tuberculosis control programs, this document details the general requirements and specific recommendations of WHO for the implementation of such programs, as well as guidelines for their evaluation and monitoring, including criteria that would justify camp closure.