Close Person Research Articles

Overview of Coping Strategies for Caregivers of Elderly Individuals with Dementia at Senior Care Darmawan Park Sentul

Dementia is a clinical condition that is mostly experienced by the elderly and can be identified by progressive cognitive decline that disrupts one’s ability to be independent. Elderly people with dementia require special services from others as caregivers who can provide good care in everyday life. However, caregivers often experience personal difficulties in caring for elderly people with dementia. Hence, they need strategies to deal with potential problems. This paper is a qualitative research with a case study approach. The aim of this study is to describe the coping strategies of caregivers of elderly dementia at Darmawan Park Sentul Senior Care. The respondents of this study were two caregivers who worked for elderly people with dementia in Senior Care. Results shows that both subjects developed two coping strategies: problem-focused and emotion-focused coping. The dominant coping strategy used by both respondents in this study was emotion-focused coping. The aspects of emotion-focused coping that are still used by both respondents are seeking social emotional support and self-control. The form of effort most often used by both respondents in dealing with their problems was telling the closest people around them, such as their family, friends, co-workers, and superiors, to get advice, attention, and suggestions.

Losses and support in the grieving process –– pastoral and media context

The loss of a close person is accompanied by various emotional, cognitive, behavioural, physical, spiritual and social reactions. The process of grieving therefore has an impact not only on the course of grief, bereavement itself, and the perception of losses, but also on the human being generally. In accordance with experts, grieving after a loved one who died of the virus that causes COVID-19 is specific. In most cases, it is characterized by a lack of personal contact with a seriously ill person due to infection and quarantine measures during hospitalization, and later a characteristic ban on personal farewells or touching due to the potential threat of infection. In addition, this specifics is accompanied by reflections on how the infection occurred in the first place, or anger at the lost person for not being careful enough, or anger at the health system that provided help to the sick loved one. The paper takes into account the aforementioned as a starting point for the presentation of grief and bereavement, which also takes place in the space of social media during the pandemic. The article seeks to contribute to the overall concept of pastoral bereavement support and contemporary digital support for grief and bereavement. It can be achieved by presenting the possibilities of online support for mourners in the context of the French philosopher Vladimir Jankélévitch's (1977) relational model of death. Rabatel and eventually Floréa referred to this issue and started the research on the announcement of death in the media. The goal of such studies was to show that the conventional media focuses on the death of distant people that "doesn’t concern us" (i.e., "third person death"), whereas new technologies give the opportunity and space to talk about the death of close people (i.e., "second person death") as well as one's own death (i.e., "first person death"). The text presents the online space as a place where pastoral care and accompanying the mourners or grieving men is not only possible but also beneficial.

The usage of family audiobooks as a legacy for grieving children — an exploratory quantitative analysis among terminally ill parents and close persons

BackgroundSince 2017, terminally ill parents with dependent children under the age of 18 have been able to record an audiobook for their dependent children. This service allows them to narrate how they would like to be remembered in their voice. The family audiobook is a professionally supported, voluntary, free service that is unique in Germany. There is little research on digital memories for children. The study aims to understand how this service is used and its influence on children through responses of terminally ill parents and close persons.MethodsAn anonymous online survey, accessible between September 2023 and November 2023, was conducted among terminally ill parents and their close persons with support from the Family Audiobook Association in Germany. Analyses were carried out using SPSS.Results186 respondents, 95 terminally ill parents, and 91 close persons completed the online survey. Almost all terminally ill parents felt eased to have recorded a family audiobook. The two groups showed differences in how they used the family audiobook and how often they listened to it. While some children listen to the family audiobook with their bereaved parents or friends, other children are not yet ready for this, according to the open-ended responses of terminally ill parents and close persons.ConclusionsThe family audiobook provides a valuable opportunity for terminally ill parents with dependent children under the age of 18 to tell their own biographical story, offer support to the bereaved in remembering, and preserve the voice of the deceased for the children. In addition, this approach could help healthcare professionals to reduce the stress associated with providing end-of-life care for terminally ill parents.

Relationship between Family Support and Quality of Life in Stroke Patients

Stroke is a disease of the brain in the form of impaired local nerve function that appears suddenly, progressively, and quickly. Family support is very influential on stroke patients, because family support is very instrumental in a form of assistance provided by family members to provide physical and psychological comfort when someone experiences illness and provides social support. This article review aims to determine the relationship between family support and quality of life in stroke patients. This study used the literature review method with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews & Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Scientific articles or journals were downloaded from PubMed, Garuda Portal, and Google Scholar with SINTA IV and V standards within 2020-2024. In this literature, it was found that family support is an aspect that plays an important role in the quality of life of stroke patients. Family support itself includes emotional support, appreciation support, instrumental support and information support. The family is the closest person who always interacts with post-stroke patients, so the role of the family is very important in an effort to provide various supports that create a sense of security for patients.

Neural correlates of thought–action fusion and their associations with rumination in patients with major depressive disorder

Thought-action fusion (TAF) is the metacognitive belief that the power of thoughts can have real-life consequences, often inducing unpleasant inner experiences and recruiting coping strategies such as rumination. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the neural correlates of TAF and their associations with rumination in depression. A total of 37 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 37 healthy controls (HCs) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging with a TAF induction task and psychological assessments. In the TAF induction task, participants were asked to read the name of a close person (CP) or neutral person (NP) in association with negative (Neg) TAF and neutral (Neu) control statements. In this study, our TAF induction task activated brain regions, including the salient and default-mode networks, in the MDD and HC groups. However, along with higher likelihood TAF and rumination, behavioral data showed less negative feelings and longer reaction times under the NegCP condition in the MDD group compared with the HC group. Furthermore, in the MDD group, significantly higher activation in the bilateral caudate nuclei, left inferior frontal gyrus/anterior insula, putamen, and inferior parietal lobule under the NegCP condition was positively correlated with TAF and reflection. These findings suggest that during the TAF task, patients with MDD may activate different brain areas associated with the maintenance of high stimulus saliency and habit formation, which are important neural correlates linking TAF and rumination in depression.

The Role of Transgenerational Transmission in the Psychological Adjustment of Women With Breast Cancer

Introduction: Getting sick with cancer is a traumatic event for the affected person and can result with various psychological difficulties, and invasive methods of treatment further deepen them. The previously experienced psychological trauma of a close person can influence the response of a person who is currently experiencing trauma, because the far-reaching power of posttraumatic consequences extends through a natural biological barrier far into the next generation (the so called "transgenerational impact of traumatization"). Objective: To assess the impact of transgenerational transmission on the development of PTSD in women with breast cancer. Methods: The sample consisted of 120 women treated at the Oncology Department of University Hospital Center Osijek, included in liaison psychiatric treatment. A detailed clinical examination with a psychiatric interview was used with the application of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, a specially structured non-standardized questionnaire for the assessment of etiological factors and the Los Angeles Symptom Checklist of PTSD symptoms (LASC) for determining PTSD. Results: No statistical significance was obtained between the presence of a family member with cancer and the average total score on the LASC in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Conclusion: Although there was no correlation between the existence of a family member suffering from cancer and the development of PTSD in the test subjects, during psychotherapy procedures we observed the existence of symptoms that did not meet the criteria for establishing a diagnosis of PTSD, but could interfere with the development of various psychological responses. By including cancer patients in psychotherapy procedures, we can prevent the development of more severe psychological responses in the second generation, which due to the genetic influence in the inheritance of the disease, will develop cancer, and the psychological disorder associated with it, and achieve a far reaching effect on strengthening adaptation mechanisms.

Nauczyciel wczesnej edukacji w obliczu problematyki tanatologicznej

Introduction: Including elements of thanatological education in early education is a necessary aspect of upbringing. Reaching the end of one’s life, the needs of a dying person and of his loved ones – these are difficult subjects, giving rise to strong, negative emotions. In the modern world, the experience of death has unfortunately become much closer, often also personally painful. The COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine have caused a significant worsening of mental functioning in children as well as adults. Thanatological education at the stage of classes I–III in elementary school is therefore a difficult task, often overpassing the capabilities of even the most experienced and talented teachers. Research Aim: The article presents the subject of thanatological education as a challenge for the early education teacher, on the basis of subject literature, and the study’s purpose was to present the preparation of early education teachers in this area on the basis of their self-evaluation and to conduct a diagnosis of these competencies with reference to work experience on the basis of our own research. Method: In the research, use was made of a diagnostic survey, with the questionnaire technique and an online questionnaire (Google Forms). For analysis of the study material, elements of descriptive statistics were used. Results: Research results have indicated that most early education teachers do not possess sufficient competencies in the area of thanatological education, and for half of them, the subject of death is a difficult topic of conversation with children. At the same time, teachers realize the need to support a pupil suffering after the loss of a close person and declare that they offer help in this matter. Conclusions: The subject of death is everywhere present. The early education teacher should be aware that a conversation about dying is a very difficult, delicate subject for the young child. It is often related to dramatic events and stirs negative emotions in pupils. The teacher should have knowledge in the matter of thanatology, with skills and ease of conversation on this level; he should demonstrate sensitivity, tact and empathy towards the pupil in mourning. Therefore, it is suggested that thanatological education be included in the program of pedagogical studies. It has become necessary to consciously perceive the role and place of thanatological education as one of the necessary elements of early school education.

Alternative Justice Using Religious Principles in Solving Domestic Violence of Muslim Family in Thailand

The purpose of this research was to find the level of Muslim domestic violence and the pattern of alternative justice corresponding to religious principles to solve the problem of Muslim domestic violence in southern border areas in Thailand. This was qualitative research using in-depth interviews with 52 samples, including victims, close persons, the provincial Islamic council, and Thai-Muslim family role models. The research showed that the level of Muslim domestic violence in studied communities was divided into 3 levels: 1) extreme violence, namely physical abuse 2) conflict, namely a quarrel with non-physical abuse, and 3) the way the family encountered both internal and external problems that might lead to quarrel and domestic violence. For the pattern of alternative justice corresponding to religious principles, reconciliation approaches should be used by focusing on the justice processes of all sectors along with the community. Furthermore, the recommendation of this research was to promote knowledge and skills of family life and educate good values according to Islamic principles.

Psychometric Properties of the Korean Version of the Revised Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale for Bereaved Adults.

This study aims to validate the Korean version of the Revised Prolonged Grief Disorder scale (PG-13-R-K) by exploring the psychometric properties of the revised Prolonged Grief Disorder scale in bereaved South Korean adults. A total of 694 bereaved individuals who had experienced the loss of a close person for a duration ranging from 12 to 24months were included in this study and randomly divided into two separate datasets to conduct factor analyses. The results of both EFA and CFA revealed a single-factor structure for the PG-13-R-K. Moreover, the results of reliability and validity tests showed adequate internal consistency and concurrent validity. These findings suggest that the PG-13-R-K is a reliable and valid tool for assessing PGD symptoms among bereaved Korean adults. The limitations and implications of this study are thoroughly examined and discussed.

Threat of violence as a way to commit «Counteraction to legitimate economic activity»

The article is devoted to one of the ways of committing a criminal offense under Article 206 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine “Counteraction to legitimate economic activity”. In particular, the author examines the concept of threats of violence against the victim or persons close to the victim in the course of counteracting legitimate economic activity. It is determined that the method of committing a criminal offense in the form of a threat of violence against the victim or persons close to him/her is present both in Article 206 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine “Counteraction to Legitimate Economic Activity” and in some other corpus delicti of criminal offenses. The author establishes that in the Criminal Code of Ukraine “threat of violence” appears either as a separate criminal offense or as a method of committing a criminal offense. The study reveals the content of the terms “threat” and “threat of violence” used in the disposition of Article 206 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. Based on the results of the analysis, the author suggests that a threat of violence should be understood as actions of a person aimed at intimidation without physical contact with the victim, which are intended to influence the psycho-emotional state of the victim with a view to achieving the desired criminal result. For the purpose of recognizing a threat as a method of counteracting legitimate business activity, it does not matter whether the perpetrator actually intended and was actually able to carry out the threat. From the moment the demand combined with the threat is made, this criminal offense is complete. It has been determined that, within the meaning of Article 206 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, close persons are understood to mean close relatives - parents (foster parents), children (foster children), grandparents and grandchildren. Family members are parents (foster parents), children (foster children), brothers, sisters and their spouses who live together, as well as a spouse who lives together but is not married, and the spouses’ parents. The closeness of persons who are family members is based primarily on marriage (husband, wife) and consanguinity (children, parents, other relatives), and may also arise on other grounds (friendship, love, etc.).

Multifunctional Porous Pavement Prototype for Urban Pluvial Flood Protection: Preliminarily Findings on Contribution of Attitudes to Acceptance Willingness Toward Proposed Scientific and Engineering Solutions

Rapid urbanization and climate change correlate with an increase in frequency of flood events, globally. For many cities worldwide pluvial floods bring significant risk. Permeable/pervious paving (PePav), as an essential sustainable urban drainage technique, is one of the key environmental solutions for urban flooding. Waste and recycled materials in the construction industry for PePav production comply with the principles of circular economy and sustainable development. The influence of the human factor is well recognized in efforts to apply those solutions and make them self-sustainable. The preliminary results show that younger female students and students with lower family monthly income are prone to express more positive attitudes toward PePav generally. Students from different study groups (Departments of Psychology, Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, and Construction Project Management) show significantly different attitudes toward PePav. Statistical models indicate that the PePav acceptance willingness can be predicted with moderate accuracy by knowing attitudes toward PePav and personal experience in construction. The contributions of the fact that someone's close person has been affected by a flood may vary depending on the type of PePav scientific and engineering solutions.

Costs of non-multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis and of preventive treatment in Germany – An update

BackgroundOnly 4076 new cases of tuberculosis (TB) were reported in Germany in 2022; of those 184 were multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-/RR-TB). MethodsBased on the current therapy guidelines of the German Central Committee against Tuberculosis and most recent renumeration data of the Statutory Health Insurances (SHI), this study estimates the mean in- and outpatient costs per adult infectious pulmonary non-MDR-TB patient, together with costs arising from Rifampicin (RIF)-based short-course options of tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) of their close contacts. ResultsFrom the insurance perspective, the mean inpatient cost (rounded) per adult case was 6138 EUR (SD±2810 EUR) for standard therapy; the cost of primary outpatient treatment only amounted to 1930 EUR and the cost of outpatient treatment post-hospital to 1093 EUR. The mean weighted cost was 6377 EUR (SD±2357 EUR), a drop of 27 % vs. 2019. This is mainly due to a decrease in hospitalizations of 5.6 %, and, given hospital treatment, by a 95 EUR decrease in the per-day reimbursement rate for TB patients who are hospitalized for at least 14 days. In contrast, the mean costs of TPT per person were 466 EUR (RIF solely over 4 months) and 423 EUR (RIF combined with Isoniazid over 3 months). ConclusionWhile costs for active non-MDR-TB treatment in Germany have clearly decreased thanks to increased engagement on the part of the private practice sector and lower reimbursement rates in hospital, the comparatively high costs of short-course TPT have surprisingly significant economic impact. This negative development can be countered through diligent selection of close contacts persons of infectious TB cases before using IGRA testing to detect latent TB, to minimize the number of those persons who are tested falsely determined to be at risk and needlessly undergo TPT.

When reality knocks on the door. The effect of conspiracy beliefs on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and the moderating role of experience with the virus

Rationale:Prior research suggests that belief in conspiracy theories can reduce the willingness of individuals to get vaccinated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Examining factors that may moderate this negative effect is an important area of research. Objectives:The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between vaccine uptake and two types of conspiracy beliefs (COVID-19 and vaccine-related) and the moderating role of direct and indirect experiences with the coronavirus. Methods:We draw on nationally representative survey data collected in Hungary in January 2022 (N=1000, 47% male, 53% female; mean age 49.6 years). Structural equation models and multi-group analysis were performed. Results:Conspiracy beliefs were strongly associated with vaccine uptake, however, both direct and indirect experiences with the virus moderated the effect of conspiracy beliefs. Individuals who experienced a serious infection or reported a close person being infected by the virus developed severe symptoms or even died were less likely to take conspiracy theories seriously when deciding about their own vaccination. In two out of the four tested moderation effects, a negative experience with the virus reduced the negative effect of conspiracy beliefs. Discussion:Our findings demonstrate that personal or close real-life experience with severe COVID-19 infection can significantly mitigate the impact of conspiracy beliefs on vaccine hesitancy, highlighting the importance of real-life evidence in overcoming misinformation and increasing vaccine uptake. Nevertheless, it is important to mention that our results are preliminary, and future studies need to replicate the findings and test their robustness.

Persepsi tentang Film Kupu-Kupu Malam dan Kajian Pendidikan Agama Kristennya

“Kupu-kupu Malam” is a beautiful name commonly mentioned by Indonesian citizens for women who work as Commercial Sex Workers. There are various reasons why these women fall into the night world. One of them is faced by Laura, who is played by Michelle Ziudith in the film “Kupu-kupu Malam”. Film is a medium made by humans and is even lifted from the reality of human life. She had to enter the world of prostitution to finance her sister, who was seriously ill because they were orphans and did not have a single family, and the various consequences that she had to face alone for her decision. Starting from having to divide her time to study, working as a “Kupu-kupu Malam”, checking and seeing the development of her sister's health, and accepting the negative stigma and discrimination by society, especially by the man she loves and her family. Talking about night butterfly women among Indonesian people is a sensitive thing, especially if it is done by the closest people because it is an activity that is contrary to the norms of society and the teachings of every religion in Indonesia. The film “Kupu-kupu Malam” premiered on November 25, 2022, and was watched by many young people. They expressed various responses regarding the content and roles played by the film's characters. These responses are what make the author interested in writing it with the study of Christian Religious Education and using a qualitative method approach.

Capgras Syndrome with Non-Violent Behaviour Presenting in Postpartum Period: Case Study with Literature Review

Background: Capgras syndrome (CS) is one of the delusional misidentification syndromes (DMS) characterized by the belief by the patient that the close person, usually a close relative or family member is replaced by an imposter who looks physically the same. Since the first case of Capgras syndrome was described in 1923, the published literature is confined to a small number of case reports and a single case series. Capgras syndrome rarely occurs in postpartum period; there are few references in the literature to any of the delusions of misidentification occurring in a post partum period. Moreover, some authors described Capgras syndrome as frequently involving hostility, violence and risk of neglect towards an object of delusional misidentification. Their reports based on single cases report or small case series that may be subject to significant reporting bias. This case outlined here on a female patient affected by Capgras syndrome in post partum period with brief review of the literature. Case presentation: A 32-year-old woman presented to the psychiatric clinic for a delusional belief that newborn had been replaced by another one. Capgras delusion was developed after caesarean section on her 12th postpartum day. The patient was healthy individual whose Capgras syndrome was not linked to any psychiatric or neurological states in the past. Anxiety and depressive symptoms followed progressively without postpartum psychosis. Though she has a fixed belief, which is that her baby was replaced by another one, she did not show any psychotic features or aggression behaviour. Conclusion: In this case report, Capgras syndrome is typically a monothematic delusion (delusion about the baby may have an altered identity or replaced by another one) and is not accompanied by other delusions. Also, it displays the course of anxiety and depression in the period of postpartum period that accompanied with Capgras syndrome. The patient has no postpartum psychosis, only a delusion about the baby replaced by another one. Though her ambivalent emotions toward the baby, the patient did not show any hostility, aggression behaviour or violence and denied thoughts of harming baby.

Beyond the Preventive Measures: A Delphi Method-Based Study of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Different Age Groups.

Background and Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) preventive measures affected various aspects of people's lives, while also representing an important risk factor for people's mental health. In the present study, we examined the negative psychological consequences of the preventive measures on people's mental health and the protective factors that strengthened their mental health and well-being during the pandemic. Materials and Methods: A study, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods based on a Delphi protocol, was conducted with a sample of Slovenian professionals who worked with people from different demographic groups (i.e., children and adolescents, emerging adults, the adult working population, the elderly) during the pandemic. We conducted (i) a qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with 11 professionals and (ii) a quantitative study where 73 professionals completed a structured online questionnaire. Results: Experts recognized the disruption of informal face-to-face social contacts as the measure with the greatest impact on people's lives across all groups studied, the effect being particularly evident in relation to individuals' development period and socio-demographic characteristics. An individual's ability to adapt to change and emotional support provided by family or other close persons contributed significantly to maintaining mental health and well-being during the pandemic. Conclusions: Considering the interplay of various COVID-19-related risk and protective factors for mental health, enabling and promoting the maintenance and development of social relationships (including through alternative pathways) should be a priority aspect of (mental health) intervention for all demographic groups.

Rethinking continuity in primary care for people with mesothelioma.

Mesothelioma is a terminal disease that is linked to asbestos exposure. Continuity is difficult for GPs, and other healthcare professionals (HCPs), to provide within the current NHS primary care system, but is highly valued by people with mesothelioma. To understand the experiences of continuity in primary care among people with mesothelioma, their close persons, and their HCPs; how they achieve this (or not); and how it affects their healthcare service use. Realist case studies of patient journeys through the healthcare system (involving longitudinal interviews with people with mesothelioma, their close persons, and HCPs; and exploration of the organisational context). Data analysis allowed understanding of hidden mechanisms (resources and reasoning), triggered in certain contexts, leading to specific outcomes. Forty-eight interviews (involving 9 patients, 8 close persons, and 12 HCPs) were undertaken (totalling 30.8 hours/1848 minutes). Context-Mechanism-Outcome configurations related to: challenges unique to mesothelioma; capacity of patients/close persons/HCPs to facilitate continuity; multidisciplinary (MDT) approach differs from the family doctor model; and 'the NHS primary care system is broken'. Patients perceive their continuity needs to be unmet by the inflexible primary care system, which needs to adapt to a society in which people receive increasingly novel treatments and live longer with complex healthcare needs. A societal perspective shift is required to understand that an MDT now shares responsibility for care, rather than an individual family doctor. Policy documents continue to focus on access, and still do not advocate strongly enough for continuity, despite unequivocal evidence demonstrating its worth.

Mid-life social participation in people with intellectual disability: The 1958 British birth cohort study.

Low social participation is a potentially modifiable risk factor for cognitive deterioration in the general population and related to lower quality of life (QoL). We aimed to find out whether social participation is linked to cognitive deterioration and QoL for people with borderline intellectual functioning and mild intellectual disability. We used data from the National Child Development Study, consisting of people born during one week in 1958, to compare midlife social participation in people with mild intellectual disability, borderline intellectual functioning, and without intellectual impairment. We defined social participation as 1. confiding/emotional support from the closest person and social network contact frequency at age 44, and 2. confiding relationships with anyone at age 50. We then assessed the extent to which social participation mediated the association between childhood intellectual functioning and cognition and QoL at age 50. 14,094 participants completed cognitive tests at age 11. People with borderline intellectual functioning and mild intellectual disability had more social contact with relatives and confiding/emotional support from their closest person, but fewer social contacts with friends and confiding relationships with anyone than those without intellectual disability. Having a confiding relationship partially mediated the association at age 50 between IQ and cognition (6.4%) and QoL (27.4%) for people with borderline intellectual functioning. We found adults with intellectual disability have positive family relationships but fewer other relationships. Even at the age of 50, confiding relationships may protect cognition for people with borderline intellectual functioning and are important for QoL.

The Need for Islamic Counseling Services for Couples with Marital Problems

Every couple hopes for eternal married life until the end of life. However, various challenges faced them. The divorce rate in Indonesia is increasing. Based on an interview with the counselor of the Advisory Board for the Development and Preservation of Marriage (BP4), one of the leading causes is the lack of religious internalizing. So that couples need help to build family relationships that are blessed by Allah SWT, one of which is through counseling services with an Islamic psychology perspective. This study wants to empirically examine the description of the needs of married couples who have marital problems in obtaining Islamic counseling services. This study using a mixed method with an explanatory sequential design type. The data collection tool is a questionnaire which uses descriptive quantitative analysis. Survey was carried out using a google form to 205 married respondents with accidental sampling. Then, in-depth interviews were added to the three of them. The results showed that when facing problems in their marriage, more than 50% of respondents stated that they tried to think positively that they were able to face the problem, then looked for the best information and solutions, made self-introspection and increased worship. This explains the importance of focusing on individual strengths, from a spiritual aspect. Meanwhile, for responses related to seeking assistance from external source, only less than 50% of respondents. For this external source, most of the respondents prefer to discuss with their close person compared to professionals. When talking to external parties, they are also more likely to come to ustaz to obtain suggestions from the spiritual side compared to professionals such as counselors, psychologists and psychiatrists. It describes that the religious perspective serves as one of the important factors needed in solving any problems faced by married couples.

Breaking the news of the violent death of a close person to children under 18 years of age: A qualitative interview study

Children who lose a close person to suicide or homicide will most likely receive this news from a carer. The caregiver’s personal beliefs and approaches to addressing the topic will influence the child. A total of 10 interviews were conducted with carers of children aged 0–17 years, and the data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Four themes were developed, exploring: (1) how carers attempted to manage the task of delivering the news of death to the child and discussing it using careful wording; (2) how some carers’ desire to protect the child from the truth hindered honesty and open conversations; (3) how and why some carers deliberately challenged societal taboos; and (4) how external influences prompted conversations about the topic. The discussion projects potential consequences for the children and their families. It also derives necessary societal changes, support measures, and further research suggestions.