Closed Circuit Television Installation Research Articles

Managing CCTV in Indonesian Hospitals: A Legal, Ethical, and Managerial Perspective

Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) in Indonesian hospitals presents significant legal, ethical, and managerial challenges, particularly due to unclear regulations governing its installation in clinic rooms. The absence of specific guidelines raises legal uncertainties, casting doubt on patient privacy and the hospital's responsibility for safeguarding sensitive medical information. Ethical concerns intensify as the use of CCTV in clinic rooms may lead to potential privacy violations in the absence of clear regulations. This condition certainly poses managerial challenges for hospitals, affecting resource allocation, personnel training, and the management of data related to the CCTV system. Effectively managing this system becomes crucial to balance surveillance needs with privacy protection. Hence, this research aims to explore legal uncertainties surrounding CCTV installation, identify ethical issues, and evaluate managerial impacts. The study seeks to offer profound insights, aiding the development of pertinent policies, ethical frameworks, and effective managerial strategies for a balanced and responsible CCTV implementation in healthcare settings.

The Impact of Spatial Changes on the Assessment of CCTV Effects: An Example of the Green Light Project in Detroit

The assessment of closed-circuit television (CCTV) as an infrastructure designed to improve the policing environment has gained widespread attention. The effect of CCTV is influenced not only by the time of installation, however, but also by locations, making it challenging to assess accurately from a single dimension. Existing studies have analyzed the differences in assessment results due to the period of installation, but little has been said about the sensitivity of assessment results to spatial changes. Moreover, existing assessment results rarely consider the varying degrees of influence that CCTV might have in different locations. To address these issues, we use the weighted displacement quotient (WDQ) algorithm to assess the effect of 603 CCTVs installed by the Green Light Project in Detroit from 2016 to 2019. This assessment examines the sensitivity of the WDQ algorithm to spatial changes, particularly when the radius of the target area is altered. We also optimize the matching algorithm and consider the spatial heterogeneity of CCTV’s effects in the assessment process. The results show that over 50 percent of the CCTVs installed have a diffusion of benefits on crime reduction (WDQ > 0), and the assessment results obtained using the WDQ algorithm are highly sensitive to spatial changes. These findings provide valuable insights for subsequent assessments of CCTV, and for the optimization of CCTV installation and layout to enhance their effect.

Doctors’ perception on the infringement of basic rights and the collapse of essential medical services following CCTV installation in the operating rooms

Background: On September 25, 2023, the law requiring the mandatory installation and operation of closed circuit television (CCTV) in the operating room went into effect. In this study, doctors’ perceptions of the law were re-examined on September 23, 2023 (just prior to the law’s enforcement), following a survey conducted on July 21, 2021 (before the re-examination of the bill). This study aimed to confirm doctors’ perceptions of the infringement of fundamental rights of this law, the collapse of essential medical services due to the avoidance of surgery, and other concerns and priority solutions ahead of the law’s enforcement.Methods: The survey was conducted from 8 to 18 September, 2023, by the Korean Medical Association Doctor Survey; a total of 1,267 doctors responded to the survey.Results: Out of 1,267 respondents, 1,156 (91.2%) said “yes,” and 111 (8.8%) said “no” to issue concerning constitutional violations of fundamental rights–such as the freedom of medical personnel to practice their profession–and moral rights. A total of 1,149 (90.7%) respondents agreed with the concern regarding the collapse of essential medical care due to the avoidance of surgeons.Conclusion: Sufficient guidance should be provided, along with guidelines that provide explicit standards for the installation and operation of the CCTV systems, along with safety management measures. Medical disputes and the heavy legal responsibility of medical personnel are the main reasons as to why essential medical care collapses, given the avoidance of surgery. Medical disputes should be avoided in order to prevent essential medical care collapse, as the video is used as evidence for criminal sanctions.

PERAN CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION (CCTV) DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEAMANAN DI KAMPUS STIE GANESHA

Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) is an essential tool for guarding and monitoring locations. CCTV is an additional tool for security, and is widely used in shops, offices, and even housing. CCTV on campus is also used to prevent, monitor, and improve the performance of lecturers, students and employees. This research aims to explore and reveal the utilization of this media in depth. The research was conducted for 2 months from June to July 2023. This research methodology adopts a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and literature studies. The findings of this study indicate that the installation of CCTV cameras on the STIE Ganesha campus is effective in carrying out three main functions: preventing, monitoring, and improving the performance of lecturers and students. The installation of CCTV plays a role in supporting lecturers in improving the quality of teaching. The implications of this research provide encouragement to continue exploring innovative ways of utilizing technology to support and enrich the educational experience on campus.

Comparison of stakeholder's perceptions of mandatory CCTV installation in long-term care facilities: A descriptive study

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the status of closed-circuit television (CCTV) installation and operation in long-term care facilities and to compare the differences in stakeholders' perceptions of CCTV mandatory installation.Methods: The participants included 743 heads of facilities, 802 care workers, and 864 family caregivers. The questionnaire included CCTV installation and operation status and perceptions on CCTV installation in long-term care facilities. For the data analysis, descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests were performed through SAS Enterprise Guide 7.1.Results: For the mandatory installation of CCTV in long-term care facilities, 96.5% of family caregivers, 83.2% of care workers, and 65.0% of heads of facilities agreed (<i>x</i><sup>2</sup>=273.71, <i>p</i><.001). There was no difference in opinion among the stakeholders that a living room and program room should have CCTV installed. All stakeholders agreed that the items to punish CCTV information leakage should be included in the guidelines for installation and operation of CCTV in long-term care facilities. In addition, more than 90% agreed on the preparation of confidentiality obligation for viewing CCTV in all groups. However, there were differences in opinions among stakeholders on composing the guidelines in accordance with the Child Care Act and restricting CCTV installation to the outside of bedrooms.Conclusion: This study confirms that there was a difference in stakeholders’ perceptions of mandatory CCTV installation in long-term care facilities. To increase the effectiveness of mandatory CCTV installation in long-term care facilities, it is necessary to strengthen education on human rights and safety for older adults and improve care workers’ working environment.

Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) Titik CCTV Di Kota Jambi Berbasis Web

Requests for information regarding Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) in public areas by the people of Jambi City through the complaint channel, are increasingly being received by the Jambi City Communications and Information Office. The installation of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) in public areas in Jambi City is one of the service innovations for the community in order to strengthen law enforcement, public order and public convenience and at the same time realize the Jambi City Government's Smart City program. CCTV installations in Jambi City have been carried out in various areas of Jambi City such as in various parking areas in government offices, at crossroads, and red lights. Even private business actors also support the installation of CCTV in their respective business areas. Advances in GIS technology can be applied to mapping the distribution of CCTV points in the city of Jambi to help collect information on the distribution of CCTV points in various public areas of Jambi City electronically so that they can improve excellent service for the community in the field of security and public comfort both for business actors and for visitors who came to the city of Jambi. So the final result of this research is the proposed design of a Web-Based Geographic Information System (GIS) application for CCTV Point in Jambi City. The system development method used is Prototype using Use Case Diagram modeling tools, Activity Diagrams, and Class Diagrams. This research is expected to provide complete information about the distribution of CCTV points in the Jambi City area, and become the initial foundation for integrating all CCTV management in Jambi City.

Cost-Effectiveness of CCTV Surveillance Systems: Evidence from a Polish City

Closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance has been increasingly popular worldwide as a crime prevention measure, while its effectiveness, efficiency, and related privacy issues are debated. In this paper, we investigated whether the municipal CCTV surveillance system is cost-effective in the case study of Poznan, Poland. The analysis comprised (a) the preventive effectiveness of CCTV, (b) costs of CCTV surveillance system installation and operation, and (c) costs of crime. We collected police data on three categories of street crimes: (a) car burglary/theft, (b) car damage, and (c) robbery, as well as data on the costs of CCTV surveillance system construction and maintenance. We searched for a year after installing the CCTV system when the accumulated, hypothetical financial cost of crime was higher than the actual accumulated cost of crime and CCTV installation and maintenance in any treatment area. The number of crimes in a given category was predicted based on a comparable control area, where there were no cameras. Our study suggests that CCTV surveillance is cost-ineffective in most areas. This result implies the cautious development of CCTV surveillance, taking into account the target crime types and costs, including social costs and benefits. Evaluating cost-effectiveness, although considered as a robust measure, is in practice difficult. However, analysis of the correlation between land use characteristics and cost-effectiveness may provide practical advice on where to develop CCTV surveillance monitoring.

Doctors’ consciousness on CCTV installation in operating rooms: A survey

Background: A bill for the mandatory installation of closed-circuit television (CCTV) in operating rooms, still likely in breach of the constitution, was approved. When a bill infringing on individuals’ fundamental rights is drafted, alternative means of minimizing the infringement of the offender’s rights should be considered ahead of the draft. To this end, alternatives on the bill identified through the consciousness of the offender would be most realistic and much more effective. Thus, this study examined doctors’ consciousness on the mandatory installation of CCTV in operating rooms, the appropriateness of punishment for members who commit immoral and unethical behaviors, and doctors’ alternative ideas to CCTV installation in operating rooms.Methods: The online survey was conducted for a week from July 9, 2021, to July 16, 2021, by the Korean Medical Association Doctors News, and 2,345 doctor members responded to the investigation.Results: According to the survey, the following alternatives to CCTV installation in operating rooms were proposed: strengthening punishment for performing ghost surgery (38.3%), placing cameras at the entrance of the operating room (21.8%), mandatory written consent (pledge) (13.7%) to prevent ghost surgery for medical staff participating in the surgery, promoting self-purification (whistle-blowing) (11.5%), and a biometrics function for entering operating rooms (8.8%).Conclusion: The revised medical law delegated legislative devices to subordinate statutes for minimizing infringement. Thus, new regulations should be set to reduce infringement of fundamental rights. It is hoped that doctors’ consciousness on new law could be preliminary data to regulate new rules in discussing lower statutes.

Perceptions of Facility Workers and Family Caregivers toward CCTV in Long-Term Care Facilities

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare facility workers’ and family caregivers’ perceptions toward closed-circuit television (CCTV) in long-term care facilities.Methods: The participants included 70 family caregivers and 66 facility workers in nine long-term care facilities. A structured questionnaire gathered participants’ perceptions of CCTV in long-term care facilities. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-squared test, and Fisher’s exact test with SPSS 26.0.Results: Family caregivers positively perceived both the function (p<.001) and compulsory installation (p<.001) of CCTV in long-term care facilities compared to facility workers. Also, family caregivers highly perceived the necessity of two improvement plans for CCTV application: “the agreement on a video-data-application plan” (p=.032), and “the necessity of a video-analytics expert” (p=.001) compared to facility workers.Conclusion: Family caregivers were more likely to recognize the importance of CCTV in long-term care facilities than facility workers. Further education on the necessity of CCTV, its positive functions, and various usage methods is required considering that the discussion on CCTV installation in long-term care facilities will become more prevalent. In addition, the legal regulations related to CCTV installation should be prepared in detail. Furthermore, it is necessary to understand that CCTV is not a solution to elder abuse, and long-term care facilities should consider future uses of AI-CCTV.

Interaction of traffic police with motorized vehicle control by CCTV

The rapid technological developments can help traffic police in interacting with motor vehicle users on the highway. With the installation of closed circuit television (CCTV) so traffic disturbance and crime on the highway will be minimized because traffic flow can be monitored. If there is a traffic jam, then the traffic police officers will be able to cope. In other, if there is traffic light that goes out and accidents can be handled immediately. If there are criminal incidents on the highway can also be quickly known. The purpose of this research is to prevent and reduce crime and traffic accidents on the road with the installation of CCTV. The method used is empirical juridical, with primary and secondary data, and qualitative analysis presented descriptively. The result is that the installation of CCTV causes a significant reduction of crime. CCTV cameras mounted on red lights and busy intersections will provide information for traffic officers. It can also be combined with sensors that can capture vehicles that violate the maximum speed limit and also recording images proof with the date and time of the incident. accidents caused by drivers who break through red lights have decreased after the CCTV installation.

Does the Police-Monitored CCTV Scheme Really Matter on Crime Reduction? A Quasi-Experimental Test in Taiwan's Taipei City.

Although numerous public closed-circuit television (CCTV) initiatives have been implemented at varying levels in Taiwan's cities and counties, systematic evaluations of these crime reduction efforts have been largely overlooked. To address this void, a quasi-experimental evaluation research project was designed to assess the effect of police-monitored CCTV on crime reduction in Taipei City for a period of 54 months, including data for both before and after camera installation dates. A total of 40 viewsheds within a 100-m (328 feet) radius were selected as research sites to observe variations in four types of crime incidents that became known to police during the January 2008 to June 2012 period. While crime incidents occurring in both the target and control sites were reduced in frequency after CCTV installation, results derived from time-series analysis indicated that the monitoring had no significant effect on the reduction of property crime incidents with the sole exception of robbery. With respect to the effects of comparing target and control sites, the average Crime Reduction Quotient (CRQ) was 0.36, suggesting that CCTV has an overall marginal yet noteworthy influence. Viewed broadly, however, the police-installed CCTV system in Taipei City did not appear to be as efficient as one would expect. Conversely, cameras installed in some observation sites proved to be significantly more effective than cameras in other sites. As a recommendation, future researchers should identify how particular micro-level attributes may lead to CCTV cameras working more effectively, thereby optimizing location choices where monitoring will prove to be most productive.

Speed Estimation On Moving Vehicle Based On Digital Image Processing

Along with the development of information and communication technology, the world urban people now recognize a new term called Smart City. One of Smart City components is smart transportation, known as Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) in which there is transportation management on the highway. Installation of CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) on the streets are now widely performed. It can be used to monitor conditions and detect problems such as traffic jam and vehicle speed limit violation. This research focuses on vehicle speed estimation using image processing from video data and Euclidean distance method with many different camera angles. The first step, video data is extracted into frames and applied preprocessing to extracted frames to minimize shadow effect. Then, using Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to extract foreground image. In the next step, the obtained foreground is filtered using median filter, shadow removing, and morphology operation. The detected vehicle object will be tracked to determine the location in each frame to estimate the speed based on its distance between frames. From the obtained results, this system is capable on estimating the speed of moving vehicle with the lowest accuracy is 87.01% and the highest accuracy is 99.38%.

지능형 IP 카메라를 이용한 CCTV 시스템에서의 실시간 개인 영상정보 보호

최근 테러와 사건 사고 같은 각종 위협으로부터 개인의 재산과 생명을 보호하기 위한 목적으로, 영상 보안 장비들이 많은 장소에 설치되어 운영되고 있다. 영상 보안 장비의 기술도 점진적으로 발전하여, 고품질 고해상도 기반의 제품도 많이 출시되고 있다. 하지만, 보안을 목적으로 만들어진 CCTV 장비가 오히려 개인의 프라이버시 침해를 유발하기도 한다. 본 논문에서는 지능형 IP 카메라의 메타데이터를 이용하여 개인 영상 정보 보호를 할 수 있는 방법에 대해 제안 한다. 메타 데이터로부터 분석된 개인 영상 정보를 마스킹 할 수 있도록 시스템을 설계하였으며 사용자 권한에 따른 영상 정보 접근 방법에 대한 정의, 메타데이터의 저장 방법과 녹화 데이터 검색 시 메타데이터를 활용하는 방법을 기술 하였다. 제안된 시스템을 행정자치부에서 제시한 "공공기관 영상정보 처리기기 설치 및 운영에 관한 가이드라인"에 맞춰 적합성 여부를 비교하였다. 지금까지의 단일 서버 제품에서는 하드웨어적인 성능의 한계와 기술적인 문제로 인해, 실시간으로 개인 영상 정보 보호기법을 적용할 수 있는 방법을 찾기 어려웠다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법을 적용한다면 행정자치부에서 제시한 가이드라인을 충족하면서, 서버 비용을 줄이고, 시스템 복잡도를 낮출 수 있는 시스템을 구성할 수 있다. For the purpose of protecting personal property and lives from incidents, accidents, and threats such as terrorism, video surveillance equipment has been installed and operates in many places. Video surveillance technology has gradually developed into high-quality, high-definition equipment, and a lot of products have been launched. However, closed circuit television (CCTV) equipment for security purposes can invade a person's privacy. In this paper, we propose a way to protect personal video images using meta-data in an intelligent Internet protocol (IP) camera. We designed the system to mask personal video information from meta-data, define the method of image-information access according to user privileges, and show how to utilize the meta-data during storage and recorded data searches. The suggested system complies with guidelines for CCTV installation and operation from Korea's Ministry of the Interior. Installed on only a single server so far, due to the limitations and technical difficulties of hardware performance, it has been difficult to find a method that can be applied to personal image information using real-time protection techniques. Applying the method proposed in this paper can satisfy the guidelines, reduce server costs, and reduce system complexity.

Analisa Penempatan Kamera CCTV Menggunakan Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) Untuk Smart Monitoring

<span class="fontstyle0">Abstract</span><span class="fontstyle1">-monitoring technology is an area or region now is<br />growing rapidly, this refers to the interest to be used.<br />Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) is a type of camera that<br />was used for the supervisor of the building or room, but it<br />can also be used to monitor the condition of congestion and<br />road conditions. The problems are the installation of<br />CCTV is not always right on target because it is only<br />installed for trend following, without looking at the<br />conditions that will be installed, so it becomes less than<br />optimal. Many of the problems in need of supervision by<br />the Government. Problems such as road density, accidentprone area, business area, area schools, parking area and<br />population density at the location of the road is a problem<br />that requires supervision. In order for the supervision can<br />be done with the optimal technological devices are used<br />then the information and communication technology, the<br />utilization for surveillance of a region commonly referred<br />to with the Smart Monitoring, the device that can be used<br />is CCTV. In order to target the right CCTV installation<br />requires a calculation and analysis of the right against the<br />conditions of the point to be fitted, to allow the installation<br />of CCTV can be right on target and not just follow the<br />trend of development of the technology. Many of the<br />problems that have to be analyzed before the installation<br />of CCTV, to find the solution of many problems, this<br />research using methods MCDM method Simple Additive<br />Weighting (SAW). Based on the results of the calculation<br />of 40 data points of observation in the city of XYZ with 10<br />categories, problems and preferences 3 weights used<br />produce a value Vi maximum 4 point, and that point is<br />recommended for CCTV installed.<br />Keywords: SAW, CCTV</span>

CCTV: A Technology Under the Radar?

Closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras have become a ubiquitous feature of everyday life in the UK over the last thirty years. In this thesis I undertake an examination of the historical, political, social, economic, and technological factors, influencing the development, usage, and widespread dissemination of CCTV in the UK. I focus on the issue of why the UK has become so camera-surveilled, and especially the specific role that the public has played in relation to the development and use of the technology. I examine the historical factors through an analysis of the development of surveillance, policing, and political change, during the 20th and early 21st centuries, and early and contemporary uses of CCTV, situating this in the wider context of a history of the criminal justice system. I also look at the media and policy context in which CCTV has developed and become widespread, with this element of the thesis particularly informed by an analysis of the way in which the public are constructed. Next, I carry out an empirical study exploring public engagement and consultation in relation to, and feelings towards, the installation of CCTV onto two estates in East London as part of a project to expand access to digital services in London. Finally, I give an overview of international experiences of CCTV providing a broader context for the final analysis. I argue that the lack of legislation and regulation at the time of the inception of CCTV allowed its subsequent and rapid proliferation. The initial growth of CCTV also occurred at a time when public debate and engagement in science and technology policy did not take place. Its use as a tool for crime prevention was cemented by a police force looking for a shoulder to share the burden of fighting crime. This coupled with an availability of public money for the installation of CCTV systems, the need for a political solution to rising levels of crime, and an apparently passive public, formed the ideal environment for the rise of CCTV.

The effects of closed-circuit television on crime: meta-analysis of an English national quasi-experimental multi-site evaluation

This article reports results obtained in an English national quasi-experimental multi-site evaluation of 14 closed-circuit television (CCTV) projects in residential areas, town and city centers, a city hospital, and car parks (parking lots). Both police and victimization data were collected before and after the installation of CCTV in target, control and buffer areas, and police Divisions. The results showed that CCTV was effective in reducing crimes in train station car parks but not in city centers or residential areas, seemed to be effective in reducing vehicle crimes (but not other types of crimes), and was most effective when the degree of coverage by CCTV was high and when CCTV was combined with other interventions such as improved lighting. Implications for situational crime prevention theory are drawn. There was no evidence of displacement or diffusion of benefits. It is concluded that CCTV needs to be implemented more effectively, based on an analysis of the crime problem and its causes, and needs to be evaluated using a randomized experimental design.

Effect of urban closed circuit television on assault injury and violence detection

Objective: To evaluate the effect of closed circuit television (CCTV) surveillance on levels of assault injury and violence detection. Design: Intervention versus control study design. Setting: Five town/cities with CCTV...

Effect of closed circuit television on urban violence.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of city and town centre closed circuit television (CCTV) surveillance on violence in terms of accident and emergency (A&E) department and police assault data. METHODS:...

THE EFFECT OF CONDITIONS OF ADMINISTRATION ON LISTENING COMPREHENSION TEST SCORES

ABSTRACTWhat constitutes “standard conditions” of administration for tests of listening comprehension? Is it sufficient to present the test through a tape recording which insures a standardized rate of presentation, pronunciation, and sound quality? Or do differences in local pronunciation, in acoustical properties of rooms, and in the extent to which individuals use visual clues while listening suggest that presentation by a familiar individual or by sound motion picture is more desirable? This study was designed to explore these problems.The closed circuit television installation at The Pennsylvania State University presented an opportunity to vary the media of presentation. The presence of comparable student groups permitted a test of the hypothesis that variability among readers of a script resulted in greater differences in performance than variability in media of presentation. Analysis of covariance techniques were used, controlling on scholastic aptitude and on pretest performance on a listening comprehension test administered over TV.Significant differences were found across readers. No significant differences were found across media. There is some evidence that under conditions less favorable than those of this experiment, differences across media might be obtained.