Close Inverse Relationship Research Articles

Investigating the Causes of Work-Related Injuries and their Impact on the Employee Health and Safety in Organizations in GCC Region

Ensuring employee health and safety has been considered the top priority by OSHA. Although employee health and safety has an been considered paramount in ensuring effective company operations around the world yet limited efforts are being taken by the organizations to enhance employee health and safety. This research paper aims to explore the various industrial hazards and their impact on the employee health and safety in the GCC region. This research uses primary and secondary data, Qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques to test the hypothesis. Descriptive statistics including relationship charts, frequency analysis, and ANOVA testing were included to reach the conclusion. The response was received 100 responses from different industries in GCC region to whom the survey was disseminated. The researcher has also used open publicly available data through the published information by the General Organization for Social Insurance (GOSI). The results conclude close inverse relationship between the dependent and independent variables where the (Independent variable) is Employee safety and health and the dependent variables are electric hazard, fire hazards, fall hazards, ergonomics hazards. The reduction in the hazards will lead to increase in the employee safety and health.

Міжнародна інтелектуальна еміграція та інноваційний розвиток країни: моделювання взаємозв’язків

The purpose of this study is to assess and model the relationship between intellectual emigration and innovative development of the country. The relevance of the research subject is confirmed by sociological data, according to which there are currently more than 5 million Ukrainians in Europe. Moreover, since the beginning of the full-scale war in Ukraine, mainly highly qualified and highly educated Ukrainians emigrated. The scientific novelty consists in modeling the relationship between the scale of intellectual emigration and individual components of the innovative development of the country. In the research process, the following scientific methods have been used: analysis and synthesis (when analyzing the latest research and scientific publications in the field of intellectual emigration), structural and dynamic analysis (to characterize the tendency of intellectual emigration from Ukraine), correlation analysis and economic-mathematical modeling (to evaluate relationships between intellectual emigration and innovative development of the country). To assess the level of intellectual emigration from Ukraine, the E3: Human Flight and Brain Drain Indicator in the Fragile States Index (hereinafter — the E3 indicator), which is used in the calculations of the State Fragility Index, is utilized. The analysis of the dynamics of the values of the E3 indicator for Ukraine demonstrates its steady growth over the past five years. Therefore, the values of the intellectual emigration indicator make it possible to position Ukraine as a donor country, i.e. one being a donor of intellectual migrants for other countries. The obtained values of Pearson’s pairwise correlation coefficients demonstrate a close inverse relationship between intellectual emigration and innovative development of the country. The negative impact of the departure of highly qualified and highly educated persons abroad for employment on the innovative capacity of the country of origin has been proven. In order to detail the relationship between intellectual emigration and the innovative development of the country, an economic-mathematical model has been developed, which proves that as the values of the sub-indices «Human capital and research» and «Business sophistication» in the Global Innovation Index decrease, the value of the E3 indicator increases.

ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ФАЗ СЕРЕДНЬОГО ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ЦИКЛУ НА РИНКУ КРИПТОВАЛЮТ У 2022 РОЦІ: ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ІНВЕСТУВАННЯ

Introduction. Economic cyclicality is inherent both to the functioning of the financial market in general, and to its albeit new and relatively young, but integral component – the cryptocurrency market. Every economic entity that plans to invest or already invests in the cryptocurrency market is interested in answers to the number of questions: what are the reasons for the cryptocurrency coins prices fall and for the cryptocurrency market capitalization decrease during the crisis and depression; what are the reasons for future growth in the cryptocurrency market during the period of revival and elevation; which indicators "signal" the beginning of crisis / depression or revival /elevation periods in the cryptocurrency market. In this article, we will try to answer these questions. Scientific research analysis. Although there is a significant interest in society to study the investing possibilities in cryptocurrency coins at various phases of the economic cycle, scientific economic research in this area is insufficient. The theoretical principles of the study of the average economic cycle phases are reflected in the scientific works of such scientists as S. V. Mocherny, O. O. Mamalui, O. A. Hrytsenko, L. V. Hryshchenko, G. Yu. Darnopyh and others. The aim of the study. The purpose of scientific research is a theoretical analysis of the effective investment possibility in the cryptocurrency market in various phases of economic cycles to ensure the most likely positive economic effect. The realization of the goal involves determining the optimal timing for medium and long-term investment in cryptocurrency coins. Research methodology and methods. The following special research methods were used: direct observation was carried out to collect the information about the Fed discount rate and the value of the Ether cryptocurrency during 26.02.2022 – 14.12.2022; applied information processing methods to develop tables of linear dependence of the Ether crypto coin value from the Fed's discount rate from 26.02.2022 to 14.12.2022; to determine the tightness of the relationship between the Ether cryptocurrency coin's value dynamics and the Fed's discount rate, a method of analytical work was used to calculate the correlation coefficient between the Ether cryptocurrency coin's value and the Fed's discount rate. Results of the research. The cryptocurrency market, like any other market, is subject to cyclical fluctuations and all four phases of the economic cycle – crisis, depression, revival and elevation. The cryptocurrency market actively reacts to military, political and economic events. The beginning of the crisis phase in the cryptocurrency market coincided with the beginning of the conventional Russian-Ukrainian war and the beginning of an active increase in the Federal Reserve System's discount rate as a mean of curbing inflation in the United States. The calculated value of the linear correlation coefficient r = – 0.807 indicates the presence of a close inverse relationship between the growth of the Fed's discount rate and the decrease in the value of the Ether cryptocurrency. Despite the significant decrease in the cryptocurrency market capitalization and the decrease in the cryptocurrencies value in the phases of crisis and depression, there are significant prerequisites for the onset of revival and elevation phases. Therefore, in the phase of depression, it is advisable to make medium and long-term investments in crypto-assets. Scientific novelty of the research results. Different phases of the average economic cycle in the cryptocurrency market in 2022 and the impact on the change and course of the phases of the economic cycle of the conventional Russian-Ukrainian conflict are considered. The phases of the economic cycle in the cryptocurrency market must be studied in order to effectively choose the most successful timing for cryptocurrency investment in the medium and long term. Practical significance of the obtained research results. According to the author, medium- and long-term investing in cryptocurrency coins is most successful in the depression phase. The obtained results of this scientific economic research will be extremely useful for use by economic entities in the practical activity of cryptoinvesting. The article contains: formulas: 3, fig. 1, table 1, ref. 10.

Analyzing factors impacting the thaw depth of the natural foundation soils under the railway embankment in the Tynda–Kuryan section of BAM

Relevance. The reliability of roadbed on a thawing foundation is a relevant problem both for a new railway line and existing roadbed on permafrost soils. Among other things, design inaccuracies are the reason for deformations of roadbed on icy soils in the conditions of permafrost propagation. That is due to the use of calculation methods that do not take full account of the special nature of thermal and mechanical interaction between the roadbed and the thawing foundation. Research objective is to identify, based on the analyzed material, the relationship between the thaw depth of the natural foundation soils under the railway embankment and its height. Methods of research. An 8 km long section of a Baikal-Amur Mainline on the Kuryan – P.P. 2342 km (Tynda) stretch, with statistical indicators for 61 transverse profiles was taken as an object of research. To check the presence of a linear relationship between the thaw depth of the natural foundation under the roadbed floor and the embankment height, scattering diagrams were constructed and regression equations were found; the relationship nature and strength are determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The correlation coefficient reliability is assessed using the Student’s criterion. To assess the quality of the constructed regression model, the statistical significance of the determination coefficient is checked using the Fisher F-criterion. Research results. The calculations allowed to make a conclusion about the statistical significance of the correlation coefficient for the embankments of the two sample groups. The obtained Pearson correlation coefficients are significant, and between the studied features (i.e. the height of the embankment and the thaw depth of the natural foundation under it (in each group)) there is a close inverse relationship, for drainless surfaces the relationship is stronger. Conclusions. The correlation analysis performed in this article shows that the thaw depth of the natural foundation under the railway embankment and the embankment height have a close statistically significant inverse relationship. The analysis prepared according to experimental data gives only a general assessment of the dependence between natural foundation thawing and the embankment height at a local site.

Combined experimental-numerical analysis of hydrogen as a combustion enhancer applied to wankel engine

Hydrogen is regarded as one of the most potential alternatives for high-efficiency and eco-friendly combustion. The influences of hydrogen fractions and equivalence ratios on chamber pressure, combustion phases, wall heat loss, brake thermal efficiency, and cyclic fluctuation of Wankel engines were studied by testbench measurement. The intrinsic mechanisms of these effects were analyzed through numerical investigation. Results indicated that increasing hydrogen fraction increased the mass fraction of high-temperature regions, the timings taken for formations of intermediate products were advanced, and the peak H2O2 and CH2O reduced while OH concentration increased. These factors were responsible for increased chamber pressure and the shortened flame development and propagation periods in experiments. A close inverse relationship can be drawn between the wall heat loss and brake thermal efficiency with respect to hydrogen addition. A larger hydrogen fraction coupled with a smaller equivalence ratio manifested lower wall heat loss and higher thermal efficiency. Compared with hydrogen-free regimes, brake thermal efficiency of 6% hydrogen fraction was increased by 64.6%. There was a positive proportional correspondence between the initial flame development and cycle-to-cycle fluctuation. Increasing the hydrogen content caused the enhanced turbulent intensity during the initial combustion stage, which contributed to the stability improvement of engine operations.

1504-PUB: Whole-Body Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Reflects Levels of Hemoglobin and Hematocrit in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Aims/Introduction: Anemia is one of the common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is associated with an increased risk of death. In recent years, phase angle (PhA) and the ratio of extracellular water to total body water (ECW/TBW) measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) have been commonly used for estimating body composition. Since PhA and ECW/TBW have been reported to be useful as prognostic indicators for various chronic disease, we aimed to clarify the clinical significance of PhA and ECW/TBW in anemia of patients with DM. Materials and Methods: The values of PhA and ECW/TBW were measured by a portable BIA device (Inbody S10, Inbody Japan, Tokyo, Japan) and blood samples were collected in 403 Japanese patients with DM (217 males and 186 females) atAnan Medical Center, Tokushima Japan. The relationships of PhA and ECW/TBW with hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) were statistically evaluated. Results: The level of PhA was decreased with age, whereas the value of ECW/TBW was increased with age. There was close inverse relationship between PhA and ECW/TBW (R2=0.7540, p< 0.001) . PhA was positively correlated with Hb and Ht levels (p <0.001, p <0.001, respectively) . In contrast, ECW/TBW was negatively correlated with Hb and Ht levels (p <0.001, p <0.001, respectively) . Multivariate regression analysis including confounding factors showed that both PhA and ECW/TBW independently contributed to Hb and Ht levels (p <0.0 and p <0.001, respectively) . Conclusions: PhA and ECW/TBW were associated with levels of Hb and Ht in patients with diabetes. The results suggest that BIA parameters reflect red blood cell lifespan and erythropoiesis. Disclosure T. Hori: None. H. Yamagami: None. S. Yasui: None. M. Hosoki: None. T. Hara: None. K. Kurahashi: None. S. Yoshida: None. M. Abe: None.

Л. М. Зомчак, І. М. Старчевська СИМУЛЬТАТИВНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО ЗРОСТАННЯ ТА РІВНЯ ІНФЛЯЦІЇ УКРАЇНИ

The purpose of the investigation is to identify and quantify the interdependence between inflation and economic growth in Ukraine. Methodology of research. To achieve the goal of the investigation, econometric modeling methods were used, namely systems of simultaneous equations. Findings. The investigation reviewed scientific approaches to the nature and causes of two processes: economic growth and inflation, examined the relationship between them and reviewed empirical studies that explain it, analyzed the dynamics of these indicators in Ukraine for 2000-2020, which confirms the hypothesis that there is a close inverse relationship between them. A simultaneous macromodel of the Ukrainian economy was proposed, which consisting of two equations, the endogenous variables of which are real GDP and the consumer price index, and the factor variables are real consumer spending, the share of exports in GDP, gross fixed capital formation, industrial producer price index and real wage index. The model was tested for adequacy, has rather high accuracy and fulfillment of the basic assumptions of correlation-regression analysis. The influence of all factor variables of the model on the resulting variables is statistically significant. In addition, the equations system fairly and accurately reproduces the dynamics of the original series, so it can be used as an effective tool for macroeconomic forecasting. Practical value. In general, the results of the econometric modeling indicate the existence of a statistically significant negative impact of inflation on economic growth in Ukraine, which is explained by the adaptation of producers to changes in the market by reducing output. The result of the implementation of a scenario that considers the situation, if inflation in Ukraine's economy in all quarters would be 5% higher than the actual values, confirms the assumption of an inverse relationship between the two processes, however, due to the fact that the CPI values do not correspond to galloping inflation levels, such the impact is moderately insignificant and insufficient to provoke an economic downturn. The question of the impact of real GDP values on inflation in Ukraine is interesting: the results of the simulation show that the CPI value in the current period is reversed by the value of real GDP for the previous quarter, but the relationship between inflation and GDP for the corresponding quarter of the previous year is direct. The results can be used to forecast Ukraine's inflation and GDP, as well as to make effective management decisions at the macro level.

Evaluation of specific integrals by differentiation – part 2

One of the most important computational techniques in higher mathematics is differentiation and its counterpart, integration (anti-differentiation). While differentiation is a routine and relatively simple procedure, integration, in general, is a much more involving task. Close (inverse) relationship between differentiation and anti-differentiation (evaluation of indefinite integrals) in some cases reveals the possibility to derive the form of the antiderivative and evaluate this antiderivative by differentiation and subsequent comparison of coefficients. This paper is a sequel to [4] and deals with some other types of elementary functions whose integrals can be evaluated by differentiation.

The content of plant pigments in bottom sediments of Batorino Lake and their spectral pigment indices

Studies on the Batorino Lake were aimed at assessing the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the autotrophic component of bottom sediments, as well as searching for their relationships with the data of spectral analysis of the pigment composition. The content of total chlorophyll a (without correction for the presence of phaeopigments) was relatively low – 12.7 ± 10.2 µg/g wet weight of bottom sediments. The content of carotenoids averaged 10.24 ± 4.89 µg/g wet weight of bottom sediments. It has been shown that pigment indices: Е450 /Е480, Е480/Е664, Е430/Е664, Е430/Е412, characterise the structural indicators of bottom sediments and reflect the long-term trends in the development of primary producers in water ecosystems, primarily phytoplankton. During the preliminary analysis, auxiliary pigment indices for controlling the purity of the extract and the clarity of the prescribed spectrum were calculated: Е664/Е720, Е430/Е720, Е530/Е720, Е412/Е720, Е430/Е530, Е664/Е530, Е412/Е664. A close inverse relationship was revealed between Е430/Е664 index and the amount of chlorophyll a at different depths of bottom sediments (r = – 0.7), as well as an average correlation between the Е430/ Е412 index and the proportion of phaeopigments (r = – 0.56).

Digital effects on macroeconomic stability in the framework of COVID-19 pandemic: EU practice

The article deals with the investigation of the impact drivers on the gross domestic product as the main indicator of socio-economic development of the country in conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The subject of the research in the article is the indicators of macroeconomic stability of the EU and Non-UE countries. The purpose of the article is to assess interrelation between the GDP and destabilizing economic factors, for European Union and Non-EU countries, and – to define the role of digitalization in providing the country's economic growth. Tasks: to study the trends of indicators of macroeconomic stability of the country, to determine the role of digitalization in economic development, to conduct a comparative analysis of indicators of digitalization of the economy and macroeconomic stability of EU and Non-EU countries. General scientific used research methods: analysis - to analyze the main indicators of macroeconomic stability of countries and identify trends in their change under the influence of digitalization processes; methods of factor analysis - to find the factors that have the greatest impact on the indicators of macroeconomic stability of the country. The obtained results: the economic barriers affected by the pandemic were defined: dramatic falling of foreign direct investments; declining of cross-country trade volumes; global manufacturing output decreasing; unemployment rising, reductions in working time, temporary layoffs and job-search discouragement. Empirical estimations based on the correlation analysis allowed making the conclusions about: close inverse relationship between GDP, import, inflation rate; slight inverse relationship between GDP and FDI, unemployment rate, external debt, general governmental gross debt; little direct link between GDP and population, IMD World Digital Competitiveness rank.

Modeling the impact of environmental investments on the environment state

The object of research is the level of environmental pollution by the example of Ukraine. The paper investigates the relationship between the volume of capital investment and a decrease in the level of environmental pollution. The methodological basis of the study is the fundamental foundations of economic theory, environmental protection, environmental economics, statistics and econometrics. To develop a statistical model of the relationship between environmental investment and environmental pollution, a correlation analysis is carried out using the paired regression equation, where a hypothesis is put forward that the relationship between all possible values of factorial and effective indicators is linear. The parameters of the constructed models are estimated by the least squares method and the statistical significance of the models is checked. The research results indicate the presence of a close inverse relationship between the volumes of capital investments for the protection of atmospheric air on the volume of emissions of pollutants into the air. This is due to the fact that the linear correlation coefficient is: –0.826, and the value of the coefficient of determination (0.6818) shows the decisive influence of capital investments on emissions. Checking the statistical significance of the model makes it possible to recognize the constructed econometric model of the effect on the volume of emissions of pollutants into the air as statistically reliable. The resulting model can be used to predict the volume of emissions of pollutants into the air and provides an opportunity to address issues of optimizing investment and environmental policies. On the other hand, an econometric model is obtained for the effect on the amount of recycled waste, which is characterized by a noticeable direct relationship (linear correlation coefficient – 0.595) and shows that only 35.44 % of recycled waste is directly related to the volume of capital investments. Checking the statistical significance shows the unreliability of the model of influence on the amount of disposed waste. Although the resulting model can’t be used for forecasting, it can be used in further studies to identify other factors influencing waste disposal.

Secondary metabolites of tea leaves and their role in protecting against environmental stressors

The dynamics of a number of secondary metabolites and the activity of guaiacol peroxidase in 3-leaf sprout of tea varieties and forms were studied. In the course of 3-year research we noted the presence of declines and peaks in the activity of the enzyme and the accumulation of flavonoids, carotenoids, caffeine and amino acids associated with the meteorological conditions of each month. It is shown that there is a close inverse relationship between increased enzyme activity, carotenoid content and hydrothermal factors. The most significant correlation was found between the activity of guaiacol peroxidase and carotenoids in a 3-leaf tea flush with precipitation (r = -0.86 and -0.68). At the beginning of vegetation the enzyme activity is low (ranging from 0.363 to 0.607 units/g·s). The decrease in the activity of guaiacol peroxidase in June is due to the biological peculiarities of the tea culture associated with a period of rest, during which the metabolic processes are somewhat slowed down. Increased activity of guaiacol peroxidase is accompanied by rapid synthesis of phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids. We have traced the dynamics of the formation of thearubigins and theaflavins in tea sprout. It is shown that their amount varies depending on the season of collection from 0.075 mg/g (theaflavins) and 1.178 mg/g (thearubigins) to 0.115 mg/g and 1.625 mg/g (theaflavins and thearubigins, respectively) and their dynamics is similar. The content of the routine varies depending on the season of tea leaf collection. The synthesis of caffeine also depends on the growing conditions, the active accumulation of which in experimental plants was observed in July (on average 26.6±1.4 mg/g). The largest amount of amino acids (16 665 mg/g) is synthesized in May, and then their synthesis is halved. Genotypic peculiarities are manifested in the content of secondary metabolites and the activity of guaiacol peroxidase. The revealed patterns are common for all varieties and forms of tea.

BIOMECHANICAL EFFECTS OF HYPERPRONATION ON MULTIDIRECTIONAL ANKLE ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT AND STIFFNESS

Hyperpronation of the foot is believed to contribute to ankle hypermobility and associated stiffness reduction, but the underlying biomechanical mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimsed to investigate multidirectional ankle displacement and associated stiffness when a posterior–anterior impact force was applied to the posterior knee compartment. Forty healthy adults with and without foot hyperpronation were recruited. A three-dimensional motion capture system and force plates were used to acquire angular displacement and ankle joint moment data. The independent [Formula: see text]-test and Mann–Whitney [Formula: see text] test were used to compare the group differences in ankle angular displacement, moment, and stiffness. Spearman’s rho test was performed to determine the relationship between ankle angular displacement and stiffness. The hyperpronation group demonstrated significantly greater sagittal ([Formula: see text]) and frontal plane ([Formula: see text]) angular displacements and reduced sagittal plane ankle stiffness ([Formula: see text]) than the neutral group. The Spearman’s correlation analysis showed a close inverse relationship between the ankle angular displacement and stiffness, ranging from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. The biomechanical data in our study suggest that individuals with foot hyperpronation present with multidirectional hypermobility and a reduction in ankle stiffness. These factors contribute to an increased risk of ankle-foot injury in individuals with foot hyperpronation.

ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS OF INTENSIFICATION OF LABOR ACTIVITY OF SCIENTIFIC AND PEDAGOGICAL PERSONNEL OF HIGHER EDUCATION

In the conditions of development of the domestic market of educational services an important task of university leaders is to study the factors of motivation of the activity of scientific and pedagogical staff. Therefore, the purpose of the article was to analyse the factors that influence the work processes of operators of the market of educational services, and to study the motivational components of the effectiveness of scientific and pedagogical composition of higher education institutions. Structural and functional analysis was used; survey and observation methods; factor analysis; time studies; economic modelling, statistical methods and correlation analysis. Personnel vision of the motivational aspects of the activity is crucial, because it is education workers who directly carry out their work in higher education, who are best aware of the latent elements of departments and other structural units. Therefore, according to the results of the questionnaire developed by the author and the discovery of «Statistica» statistical analysis package, the factors that most stimulate work efficiency were worked out: 1) the nature of the works that make up the content of the work; 2) staff qualification and ability to use professional competencies in the work process; 3) the level of ownership and use of computer equipment by specific employees; 4) work experience of employees; 5) individual work intensity; 6) the level of mental activity of the staff. The method of estimation of degree of influence of factors of intensification of work activity of scientific and pedagogical workers is offered. It has been proved that the number of times of personnel training is not a factor in influencing the efficiency of their work. While the qualifications and quality of the work performed are significant parameters. There is a close inverse relationship between the duration of professional functions and the level of mental activity. According to the results of the research it is possible to improve the system of motivation of scientific and pedagogical workers. Keywords: institutions of higher education, scientific and pedagogical staff, factors of work efficiency, motivational elements.

Air humidity characteristics of local climate zones: A three-year observational study in Nanjing

Atmospheric humidity in the urban canopy layer is relevant to various fields, such as bioclimatology and public health. However, considerably less research has been conducted about urban effects on humidity than on temperature. This study aims to elucidate the spatiotemporal characteristics of humidity at the neighborhood scale. The humidity differences of 8 local climate zones (LCZs) in Nanjing, China, were analyzed based on three-year hourly observations. LCZ D (low plants) was used as the reference site. Differences in temperature (ΔTX−D), relative humidity (ΔRHX−D), and humidity ratio (ΔWX−D) were investigated. The relationships of ΔW with condensation (dew and frost) and precipitation events, meteorological parameters, and ΔT were examined. The results show that variations in ΔRHX−D exhibited a close inverse relationship with variations in ΔTX−D. Greater negative ΔRHX−D occurred during the nighttime when strong heat islands were present. Meanwhile, diurnal and seasonal patterns of ΔWX−D were clearly observed. Greater and more frequent negative ΔWX−D (moisture deficit) were observed during the daytime than during the nighttime and in warm months than in cold months, whereas the opposite trend was observed for positive ΔWX−D (moisture excess). The frequency of urban moisture excess increased during the nighttime with heavy condensation. Precipitation events significantly increased the frequency of urban moisture excess, and this effect could last until 24 h after precipitation. ΔW was influenced by meteorological parameters, but the trends were not clear. No relation was observed between ΔW and ΔT. The findings can improve understanding of urban humidity and provide valuable information for humidity-related studies.

The State of Litter of Pigs in the Conditions of the Complex

The state of litter of large white pigs in industrial conditions was studied. Embryonic mortality is higher during the first 30 days of littering (21.6%) – in the period of histotrophic feeding of fetuses – before the beginning of placental connection formation. whereas during the whole period of pregnancy it is 38.4%. In a number of sows at different periods of littering. the number of corpus luteum and the number of fetuses from the side of the corresponding fertile horn do not coincide. that which indicates the migration of embryos into contralateral horn in the early timing of pregnancy. Fetuses growth rate is higher by the 45-days pregnancy. In the litter of pigs there are normotrophic (full-fledged. large-fetused). hypotrophic (small-weight) and stillborn pigs. There is close inverse relationship (r = -0.98 between fertility and full-fledgeness of piglets в гнездеin the nest. wherein the number of hypotrophic and stillborn ones as the number of newborns in the litter increases has direct positive correlation (r = + 0.98). The more piglets in the litter. the fewer full-fledged ones. and on the contrary. the number of hypotrophic and stillborns is increasing.

Изучение параметров городских "островов тепла" на территории Иркутской области по данным дистанционного зондирования

The investigation is aimed to determine the boundaries and intensity of urban heat islands in the Irkutsk region and assess the change in these parameters over a long-term period. The formation of an urban heat island is an example of anthropogenic influence on the urban climate. Land surface temperature and its spatial and temporal variations can be used to study urban heat islands, since the difference between the land surface temperature within the city and its surroundings is the result of the transformation of the underlying surface, heat capacity and three-dimensional structure of urban buildings in the process of urbanization. In order to study the phenomenon of urban heat islands of cities of the Irkutsk region, the land surface temperature data reconstructed from AVHRR-based thermal infrared imagery for 1998-2019 was used. As a result of the study, multi-temporal maps showing the urban heat islands of the agglomeration of Irkutsk-Angarsk-Shelekhov and the city of Bratsk were obtained. The investigated heat islands are characterized by a significant diurnal dynamic, so the difference in temperature values between the city and the suburbs in summer daytime reached 8-10 °C, in the evening and at night in summer this parameter decreases to 3-5 °C. The dimensions of the urban heat islands of the cities under investigation in the daytime exceed the dimensions of these heat anomalies in the evening and at night. Interannual variability in the intensity of urban heat islands did not show statistically significant trends from 1998 to 2019, the areas of urban heat islands increased significantly over the study period. The observed increase in area was probably associated with the development of the cities under study, with the transformation of landscapes and a decrease in the density of vegetation in the suburbs. In order to assess the contribution of the lack of vegetation to the formation of the urban heat islands in summer daytime, the values of the land surface temperature were compared with the values of the vegetation index NDVI. An analysis of the relationships between these parameters found that daytime land surface temperature was in close inverse relationship with the NDVI value, while this relationship was less pronounced at night and in the evening.

Pneumatic Boxing Glove Reduces Upward Drift in Peak Force and Loading Rate over a Long Series of Impacts

A conventional boxing glove and a prototype pneumatic glove were each fitted to a mechanical fist and dropped 253 times from a height of 3 metres on to a force plate covered by an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) mat. Impact dynamics were measured and modelled. From the outset, peak impact force and peak rate of force development (loading rate) were lower for the pneumatic glove. For both gloves, these variables displayed upward drift during the drop series, but the drift was smaller for the pneumatic glove. Consequently, the magnitude of the protective effect provided by the pneumatic glove increased with the number of impacts. For the conventional glove, change in peak force showed a close inverse relationship to force plate contact time (R2 > 0.96) and the time from first contact of the glove with the force plate to attainment of peak force (R2 = 0.85). These relationships were much weaker for the pneumatic glove (R2 = 0.09 and 0.59 respectively), suggesting the possibility of a more complex impact damping mechanism. Following the 253 drops of the pneumatic glove, the EVA mat covering the force plate was replaced, and another 10 drops then performed. Peak force readings were immediately reduced to an extent suggesting that 26% - 34% of the increase that had occurred over the 253 drops was attributable to impact-induced change in mat properties. This has implications for future experimental designs. Overall, the findings provided further evidence of the potential of pneumatic gloves to enable safer boxing.

Вплив умов зрошення й удобрення на урожайність цибулі ріпчастої та процеси водоспоживання за різної густоти рослин в умовах Північного Степу України

В статті наведено результати досліджень з вивчення ефективності різних способів та режимів зрошення , удобрення за вирощування в умовах загущення рослин цибулі ріпчастої сорту Батир в умовах північного Степу України . За використання краплинного зрошення з диференційованим режимом зволоження відмічено найбільший приріст урожайності цибулин відносно контролю (богар) – 98,1 %. Найвищу товарну врожайність забезпечує використання краплинного зрошення з диференційованим режимом зволоження (80-75 % НВ до утворення цибулини, 70–65 % НВ до вилягання пера) по фону внесення P 45 K 30 (локально) та проведення двох підживлень азотом N 15 (фертигація) і позакореневих – комплексним добривом Реаком (3 л/га), за густоти рослин 1000 тис шт./га – 55,4 т/га. За вивчення процесів водоспоживання встановлено позитивний впив удобрення і загущення посівів на коефіцієнти водоспоживання та ефективность зрошення. На кращому варіанті коефіцієнт водоспоживання був на рівні 74,9 м 3 /т, коефіцієнт ефективності зрошення – 42,8 м 3 /т, що нижче еталону відповідно на 45,9 та 84,6 %. За результатами статистичного аналізу між товарною урожайністю цибулин та коефіцієнтом водоспоживання встановлено тісний кореляційний оберенений звязок r= – 0,74.

THE CLOSE INVERSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE HEIGHT AND LIFE EXPECTANCY

Many papers have provided reasons for why women live longer than men. These include XX vs. XY chromosomes, sex hormones, and better care of their health. In addition, males experience more deaths from homicides and risky behavior. These factors certainly can affect male and female health, but none has been proven to explain the actual difference that exists in life expectancy between the sexes. Another factor related to life expectancy is body size differences between men and women; e.g., a early study showed that differences in male and female height are inversely related to life expectancy; e.g., males are 8% taller and have a 9% shorter life expectancy. This paper provides additional evidence that supports early findings that shorter height is a major factor in explaining why women live longer. To test the inverse relation between height and life expectancy, a list of developed countries was used to compare height and life expectancy differences between men and women. While it is a fact that women have a higher life expectancy compared to taller men, the results showed a surprisingly close inverse relationship between height differences and lower life expectancy. For example, men were found to be 7.8% taller and had an 8.4% lower life expectancy. These results are similar to previous study findings in 1992, 2003, and 2009. They are also consistent with scores of studies showing shorter or smaller body size is related to greater longevity independent of sex.