Close Attachment Research Articles

From Exile to Belonging: The [re]construction of Identity in the Context of Forced Migration

Focusing on Syrian and Afghan refugees and asylum seekers in Spain and Greece, this study employs social identity theory and intergroup contact theory to examine the process of identity construction. Drawing from thirty-five semi-structured interviews, the study highlights how the positive distinctiveness of their homeland and community significantly shapes their sense of self-worth, despite having fled due to persecution. The study finds that Afghan and Syrian refugees alike demonstrate a close attachment to their natural heritage, while also assigning particular importance to the historical and cultural legacies of their native lands. This sense of homeland identity interlaces with a multifaceted self-representation, mirroring the intricate ties between the host and homeland. Three identity discourse patterns appear: persecuted identity, identity conciliation, and critical consciousness. The refugees' dual perception of their homeland, as both a failed and desired land, influences their perceived self-worth in interpersonal interactions, as well as their sense of integration within the host society.

Multifunctional Silver‐Enzyme Nanogels Assembly with Efficient Trienzyme Cascades for Synergistic Diabetic Wound Healing

AbstractDiabetic wound healing presents a persistent clinical challenge, often characterized by prolonged healing times, and can be particularly difficult to achieve in a hyperglycemic environment. In this study, a multi‐functional silver‐enzyme nanogels assembly (Ag‐nGHC) is designed by focusing on the complex diabetic wound environment. Glucose oxidase (GOX), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and catalase (CAT) are modified within polymeric nanogel layers and assembled into a large enzyme cluster with silver ions. The close attachment of three enzymes ensures fast and continuous consumption of a high level of glucose, generation of oxygen, and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) around the wound site. Meanwhile, the silver ions within the Ag‐nGHC assembly act as an effective agent to kill bacteria. This cascade enzyme system significantly improves the microenvironment of the wound site by reducing bacterium infection and alleviating hypoxia as well as hyperglycemia. Sequentially, the improved environment facilitates the later processes including anti‐inflammatory, re‐epithelialization, and angiogenesis, evidenced by enhancing polarization toward M2 macrophages and increasing CD31 signals in this study. Overall, the Ag‐nGHC materials are proven to achieve multifunctional properties toward complicated diabetic wound healing processes (attributes such as adaptability, hypoxia‐alleviated, anti‐hyperglycemic, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, and angiogenic) and showed great potential for the treatment of chronic diabetic wound.

Self-assembled skin-like metamaterials for dual-band camouflage.

Skin-like soft optical metamaterials with broadband modulation have been long pursued for practical applications, such as cloaking and camouflage. Here, we propose a skin-like metamaterial for dual-band camouflage based on unique Au nanoparticles assembled hollow pillars (NPAHP), which are implemented by the bottom-up template-assisted self-assembly processes. This dual-band camouflage realizes simultaneously high visible absorptivity (~0.947) and low infrared emissivity (~0.074/0.045 for mid-/long-wavelength infrared bands), ideal for visible and infrared dual-band camouflage at night or in outer space. In addition, this self-assembled metamaterial, with a micrometer thickness and periodic through-holes, demonstrates superior skin-like attachability and permeability, allowing close attachment to a wide range of surfaces including the human body. Last but not least, benefiting from the extremely low infrared emissivity, the skin-like metamaterial exhibits excellent high-temperature camouflage performance, with radiation temperature reduction from 678 to 353 kelvin. This work provides a new paradigm for skin-like metamaterials with flexible multiband modulation for multiple application scenarios.

REFLECTION OF BANARAS IN THE PAINTINGS OF JAYASRI BURMAN

Banaras is a holy and spiritual city that attracts people from all over the country even writers and artists. Many artists captured the beauty of Banaras in their art. Jayasi Burman is one of those artists whose paintings offer a glimpse into the soul of Banaras. Her art captures the essence of the city’s rich traditions, its vibrant colors, and its spiritual fervor. She is known for her Indian mythological paintings. But when the author met her for research work, realized that she has a very close attachment to Banaras. Banaras always attracts her. The spirituality of the city and the faith of the people inspire her. Banaras, Vishwanath Goli, Kashi ghat, Jalyatra, etc. are the examples of Jayasri Burman’s paintings where we can see the impact of Banaras, its culture, and mythology. This paper will explore the works of Jayasri Burman and delve deep into the world of Banaras. We will go through the cultural legacy of the city and experience its mysterious charm through the eyes of this renowned artist, from the ghats of the river Ganges to the alleys of the old city.

Sylvia Plath: Her Growth Beyond Electra Complex: A Study of Her Poem ''Daddy''

Sylvia Plath is a great poet from America in the 20th century. Although she is known as a talented woman poet, she is said to have been unfit to adjust herself in the society due to mismatch between her aspirations and societal expectations from her. The society expected her to settle down into a family by marrying a man, and giving birth to his children. On the other hand, she wanted to build her career in writing. She didn't want to give in to the pressures of the society. However, she couldn't go against the conventions of the society for long. The pressure from the society was too much upon her. She is said to have undergone the experience of close emotional attachment to her father who had died when she was just eight. Some of her works including the poem under study show a girl-child's strong emotional attachment towards her father. The present research work has made an attempt at exploring the theme of Electra Complex in her poem Daddy.

Adult Attachment and Fear of Missing Out: Does a Mindful Attitude Matter?

Fear of missing out (FoMO) involves the desire or urge to stay continuously connected to and kept up-to-date with a social reference group. The present study explored the relationships between adult attachment and FoMO and the potential mediating effect of a mindful attitude. The present study was carried out on 192 participants (meanage = 23.24 years; SDage = 4.33 years), of whom 151 (78.6%) were female and the remaining 41 (21.4%) were male. The participants completed the Adult Attachment Scale—Revised (AAS-R), which evaluates Close, Depend, and Anxiety attachment, the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale—Revised (CAMS-R) and the Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOs). The results indicated that the three forms of adult attachment (Close, Depend, and Anxiety) were associated with FoMO through the indirect effect of mindful attitudes. This study yielded relevant theoretical and practical implications regarding the critical role of a mindful attitude as a protective factor against FoMO. Limitations and future research directions were also discussed.

Gender differences in the relationship between attachment styles, self-esteem and online deception: A mediation model

Online Deception is growing as a topic of research due to its potential risks for mental health and behaviors. This study explored the relationships between attachment styles and intentional misrepresentation of oneself in online dating (i.e., online deception) and investigated the mediating role of self-esteem. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with voluntary Italian participants (N = 272) to test the proposed hypotheses. It was found that anxious attachment styles positively predicted online deception. Also, self-esteem was found to be mediator between anxious attachment styles and online deception, as well as between close attachment styles and online deception. Our results demonstrate the need to develop prevention interventions that target individuals’ styles of attachment that in turn foster self-esteem which co-contribute to promote a sensible and healthy use of online dating.

DAMPAK SEKTOR PARIWISATA DAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP TERHADAP PEMBANGUNAN BANDARA INTERNASIONAL YOGYAKARTA (YIA)

The crisis in the environmental and development aspects always creates conflict for government, private, and community actors. The focus of this research is to analyze YIA's development policies. This study uses qualitative research methods with an interpretive paradigm. The results of this study indicate that the phenomenon of policy debate in the struggle for interests by the rival coalition over the rejection of YIA development is due to its influence on the tourism sector and in particular the environmental impact. The formation of a counter-coalition consisting of the main coalition and the supporting coalition has a strong influence in attracting a broad base of supporting movements. The groups in the counter-united coalition are driven by a common belief system, ranging from the most general to specific beliefs, namely the community's close attachment to land, a community-friendly development perspective, and the impact of YIA. When the counter-coalition was built, various counter-coalition groups were motivated to translate this belief into policy actions ranging from formal legal channels, public communication, scientific information, and mass movements. Various resources and strategies support each other, especially in the two aspects that are most powerful in influencing policy, namely information sources and financial sources.

Jordanian stamps of Islamic holy sites in Jerusalem: 1967-1989

ABSTRACT Jordanian postage stamp depictions of the Islamic holy sites in Jerusalem demonstrate how the Hashemite regime aims to bolster its legitimacy, balance relations with the PLO and Israel, affirm domestic and international sympathy and support to administer the Muslim holy places, and convey the kingdom’s close attachment to the Palestinian issue. These depictions aim to create the additional impression that due to Jordan’s special role, it has a strong stake in the stability west of the River and should be consulted in any political settlement between Israelis and Palestinians. Jordanian stamp depictions of the Islamic holy sites in Jerusalem are distinguished from other countries due to the Hashemite guardianship claim since 1924, Jordan’s annexation of Eastern Jerusalem and the West Bank in 1950, and Jordan’s interpretation of UN Resolution 242 that described these lands as Jordanian and should be returned under Hashemite sovereignty. This study aims to chronicle and analyse Jordanian stamp depictions from 1967 to 1989, one year after King Hussein’s decision to disengagement legal and administrative ties to the West Bank.

How does parent-child attachment influence left-behind children's loneliness and depression: The mediating roles of peer attachment and teacher-student relationship.

Loneliness and depression are common emotional problems among left-behind children, and these emotional problems may have a high correlation with attachment relationships. This study aimed to investigate the effects of parent-child attachment on left-behind children's loneliness and depression and the mediating roles of peer attachment and teacher-student relationship and their gender differences. Using two waves of data, 614 left-behind children participated in the longitudinal study by completing a series of relevant questionnaire two times (spaced 6months). The results showed that (1) both father-child attachment and mother-child attachment could negatively predict the loneliness and depression of left-behind children. Further, mother-child attachment has a greater predictive effect on loneliness. (2) Peer attachment played a mediating role in parent-child attachment and left-behind children's loneliness; teacher-student relationship played a mediating role in parent-child attachment and left-behind children's loneliness and depression. (3) The scores of girls were higher than those of boys in the four types of attachment relationships; the mediating role of teacher-student relationship between parent-child attachment and depression was significant only among boys. This study explored the factors that may have impacts on left-behind children's loneliness and depression as well as its potential mechanism and their gender differences based on the perspective of multiple-attachment theory. These results emphasize the important role of close parent-child attachment in reducing loneliness and depression among left-behind children, as well as the necessary mediating role of peer attachment and teacher-student relationships. These findings provide some valuable recommendations for preventing left-behind children's loneliness and depression.

Long-term effect of the absence of a companion robot on older adults: A preliminary pilot study

Robotic assistive technology for frail older adults has drawn attention, along with raising ethical concerns. The ethical implications of a robot's usage have been characterized in the literature as detrimental, such as emotional deception, unhealthy attachment, and reduced human contact from a deontological perspective. These concerns require practical investigations, although the long-term effect of robot usage on older adults remains uncertain. Our longitudinal study aimed to investigate how older adults with cognitive decline could be affected by using a robot for communication in their homes and how this situation could be reflected in possible emotional attachment to the robot i.e., emotional distress from the robot being taken away once they had become attached to it. We selected 13 older adults living alone and set up a humanoid robot in their homes with whom they could interact at any time for a period of 1–4 months. Questionnaire results indicated participants had a close attachment to the robots even after they were taken away. Interviews revealed that participants became distressed without the robots; however, despite the distress caused by feeling lonely, participants reported that their relationships with the robots were meaningful and that they were satisfied with the memories of having had the robot as a companion. The results raised new questions for further investigation into issues that should be addressed and potential factors affecting the user's adaptation processes. Regarding the consequences of the use of a companion robot, it is important to evaluate the positive aspects of the robot's usage including the emotional support lasting after it was no longer available and other effects on the users. Accordingly, we emphasize the significance of real-world exploration into the effects on the users as well as theoretical reflection on appropriate robot usage.

ATTACHMENT STYLES, REJECTION SENSITIVITY AND EMOTION REGULATION

The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between attachment styles, rejection sensitivity and emotion regulation among young adults. The Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins, 1996), Adult Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (Berenson et al., 2009) and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003) were used to collect the data. The results indicated that there is no significant difference in rejection sensitivity and emotion regulation of young adults on the basis of their gender and relationship status. A significant relationship was found significant relationship between close attachment and depend attachment styles with rejection sensitivity, between depend attachment style and emotion regulation, between anxiety attachment style and suppression dimension of emotion regulation and between rejection sensitivity and reappraisal dimension of emotion regulation.The results of the study also found a significant influence of attachment styles on emotion regulation

The Relationship Between Attachment Styles and Emotional Intelligence Among Selected College Students Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic

Recent articles have claimed that the COVID-19 pandemic may have had unfavorable effects on both the emotional intelligence and attachment styles of individuals on a global scale. A number of studies have established a connection between attachment styles and emotional intelligence. This research sought to verify the existence of such a relationship. 106 volunteers from a private college in Manila, Philippines took part as respondents. The Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS) was administered to measure the respondents’ attachment style while the Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Scale was used to measure their emotional intelligence. Based on the findings, it would appear that females possess higher EI scores than males, respondents whose parents are living together possess higher EI scores than those whose parents are separated and respondents with a romantic partner possess higher EI scores than those without. Furthermore, it would seem that females have higher anxiety attachment scores than males, respondents whose parents are living together possess higher anxiety attachment scores than those whose parents are separated and respondents without a romantic partner have higher anxiety attachment scores than those with a romantic partner. In addition, it would appear that males have higher close attachment scores than females, respondents whose parents are living together possess higher close attachment scores than those whose parents are separated, and respondents without a romantic partner have higher close attachment scores than those with a romantic partner. Moreover, it was observed that females have higher depend attachment scores than males, respondents whose parents are living together possess very slightly higher depend attachment scores than those whose parents are separated and respondents with a romantic partner have higher depend attachment scores than those without a romantic partner. A significant moderate positive relationship was found between the respondents’ close attachment scores and their EI scores. Lastly, a significant low positive relationship between the respondents depends attachment scores and their EI scores was also established. Keywords: Attachment Styles, Emotional Intelligence, COVID-19 Pandemic, Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS)

Emotional/Social Loneliness and Locus of Control among Emerging Adults

Emotional loneliness refers to the absence of an intimate figure or a close emotional attachment with others. It is characterized by feelings of sadness, anxiety, or depression resulting from the perception of not having close, supportive relationships with others. Social loneliness refers to the lack of social interactions and connections with others. Locus of control is how much individuals perceive that they themselves have control over their own actions as opposed to events in life occurring instead because of external forces. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between emotional/social loneliness and locus of control among emerging adults. The sample of the study consisted of 50 emerging adults from Kerala, aged 18 to 25. The assessment tools employed were Emotional/Social Loneliness Inventory (ESLI) and Internal Control Index (ICI). The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS. Spearman’s correlation test was used to find the relationship between the variables. According to the study, there is no significant relationship between emotional/social loneliness and locus of control among emerging adults.

Death anxiety and existential concerns among patients experiencing chronic or recurrent suicidal ideation in Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy

ABSTRACT Objectives Through detailed analysis of case examples, this work seeks to provide valuable insights for clinicians wishing to explore suicidality with their patients in ways that are informed both by existential and attachment-based perspectives. Design Specific case studies are used to explore and illustrate areas of intersection around the topic of suicidality using Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy (IRT) theory and Terror Management Theory (TMT) lenses together. Results Intersecting themes focus on meaning-making, attachment, and how these together inform how patients experiencing chronic suicidal ideation appear to overcome the evolutionary desire to survive. In this view, suicidality can be seen as a maladaptive attempt at adaptation, miscued by learning about perceived safety and threat signals derived from close attachment relationships. Conclusion Implications for theory, research and practice are discussed.

PSYCHOGENIC DERMATITIS IN A CORGI DOG TREATED BY INJECTABLE HOMEOPATHY – CASE REPORT

Skin problems in dogs represent a daily important casuistic in veterinary practices. They affect both young and adult animals and may have varied causes, challenging the correct diagnosis. Within this context, it should be emphasized the close coexistence and attachment to their owners who play a crucial role in the development and treatment of part of the so-called psychogenic dermatitis. This type of illness must be understood as a multifactorial problem that requires a lot from all parties involved to be an effective therapy for the patient. Several medicines are indicated for the treatment, but most of them cause long-term side effects. For these reasons, different therapies, such as homeopathy, should be considered as alternative treatments. This article aimed to report a psychogenic dermatitis case in a 10-year-old male dog suffering from separation anxiety, which led to the development of a compulsive licking behavior. The patient was treated with injectable homeopathic medicines, and excellent results were recorded in a short period.

Attachment Styles and Interpersonal Problems in University Students Living in Hostels: Mediating Role of Emotional Reactivity and Cutoff

<p style="text-align: justify;">The current study investigated the mediation effect of emotional reactivity and cutoff between attachment styles and interpersonal problems. The gender differences were also determined. A sample of (N = 200) students living in hostels of two universities of Lahore was used. There were (N = 100) female in the sample. The average age of the participants was 22.3 (SD = 1.46). The results of the study showed a significant relationship between close attachment style, emotional reactivity and cut-off, and with subscales of interpersonal problems like too much aggressive, too much caring, too much dependent, socially inhibited, hard to be involved, and hard to be supportive. Similarly, anxious and dependent attachment style showed significant relationship with emotional reactivity and cut-off and with subscales of interpersonal problems of hard to be sociable, hard to be assertive, hard to be supportive, hard to be involved, too aggressive, much caring, too open and too much dependent. The mediation analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) revealed that emotional reactivity and cut-off showed partially significant mediation between attachment styles and interpersonal problems. Women showed more interpersonal problems as too open and too much caring compared to men living in hostels. The findings of the study have significant implications in the social structure of relationships in hostels, particularly in South Asian cultural context.</p>

Special Report: How to Work With Patients Using Problem-Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapies

Special Report: How to Work With Patients Using Problem-Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapies

Attachment mediates the link between childhood maltreatment and loneliness in persistent depressive disorder

BackgroundA central concept of attachment theory is that early experiences with close attachment figures shape the way we interact with and relate to other social partners throughout life. As such, early experiences of childhood maltreatment (CM) have been suggested as a key precursor of adult insecure attachment representations. As CM has been linked to feelings of loneliness in adulthood, this study examines whether insecure attachment could explain the relationship between CM and loneliness. Also, the moderating role of a diagnosis of persistent depressive disorder (PDD) is investigated, a disorder characterized by high levels of CM and loneliness. Method60 patients with PDD (DSM-5) and 60 gender- and age-matched non-clinical control participants (NC) completed self-report questionnaires measuring attachment, loneliness, and CM. Mediation analyses (PDD as a moderator) were performed. ResultsPDD patients reported higher levels of CM, attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and loneliness than NC. CM was positively associated with loneliness in both groups. Mediation analyses demonstrated that the relationship between CM and loneliness was mediated by avoidant, but not anxious attachment, regardless of a diagnosis of PDD. LimitationsCaution when interpreting these results is crucial as the study lacked a clinical control group, relied on self-report measures, and the cross-sectional design limits the ability to draw causal inferences. ConclusionsAll constructs studied were present to a greater degree in PDD. Above, findings provide initial evidence that avoidant attachment may explain the relationship between CM and loneliness. Potentially, adult avoidant attachment may lead to and maintain feelings of loneliness, regardless of PDD.

Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as an efficient and biocompatible binder for metal alloy processing: A case study with Ti‐20Zr‐11Nb‐3Sn

AbstractTitanium (Ti) being a lightweight, biocompatible, and strong metal, immense attention is being paid to develop Ti‐based different low‐cost and efficient biomedical implants by employing additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing. Binder having abundant binding efficacy binds the alloying metal powders and maintains their stoichiometry and close attachment. However, in the case of Ti‐alloy, the Ti, or other alloying metals, e.g., zirconium (Zr), because of their high reactivity with ambient moisture and oxygen, needs to be stabilized before the alloy formation. In this work, instead of using various non‐biocompatible thermoplastic and semi‐crystalline polymers responsible for causing stress‐induced defects in the final structure, the efficacy of a biocompatible amorphous polymer (i.e., polyvinyl pyrrolidone [PVP]) as a binder towards developing the Ti‐alloy has been examined. PVP‐bound alloying metal powders were found to be stable for 30 days (as per the XRD analysis) and exhibited a nearly similar composition to the experimental formula. Thermal debinding was examined for two temperatures, 600 and 1000°C, and compared with the help of SEM and XRD analyses. The better debinding (i.e., reduction of carbon content as per the EDX analysis) was found for the 1000°C debinding temperature.