Close Affinity Research Articles

Range extension of the Mexican-endemic killifish Profundulus chimalapensis (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae), with comments on its phylogenetic placement and possible intergeneric hybridization with Tlaloc Álvarez & Carranza 1951

Recent ichthyological surveys in southern Mexico resulted in the unexpected discovery of populations of P. chimalapensis outside its distribution range, broadening its extent of occurrence to a total of three river basins (Coatzacoalcos [original], Grijalva, Ostuta) and two versants (Atlantic [original] and Pacific). The taxonomic nature of these populations was further investigated using comparative genetic data in a phylogenetic framework. Our results include the first assessment of the phylogenetic position of P. chimalapensis with respect to other Profundulus species and imply a sister-group relationship with P. oaxacae. Remarkably, our results also imply a close phylogenetic affinity of some P. chimalapensis samples with the genus Tlaloc, which we interpret as possible evidence of intergeneric hybridization, a phenomenon previously unreported in the family. If our interpretation in this regard is correct, it raises several broader evolutionary and taxonomic questions, such as the role that introgressive hybridization might be playing as a driver of speciation in profundulid fishes. From a historical biogeographic perspective, the proposed expanded geographic range could be explained by inter-basin dispersal enabled by recent or historical events (e.g., paleodrainage connections, headwaters stream capture, floodings) in the same fashion as these have been invoked to explain distribution patterns in other Middle American freshwater fishes.

Geological position of the Junggar terrane (Southern Kazakhstan) in the structure of Rodinia supercontinent: results of research of the late-precambrian metasedimentary complexes

The results of studying of the Precambrian metasedimentary sequences of the Junggar terrane located in South Kazakhstan are given in the article. In the structure of the Junggar terrane, we studied the rocks of the Sarychebyn group and Kosagash formation. Petrogeochemical data combined with the results of U‒Pb and Lu‒Hf isotope-geochronological studies of the detrital zircons showed that the Sarychebyn Group and the Kosagash formation represent a similar stratigraphic level that accumulation occurred in the Late Mesoproterozoic to Early Neoproterozoic (~1026‒~920 Ma). The main sources of the detrital zircon age populations were the Mesoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic complexes. Among these complexes can be identified metabasites and metapelites of intermediate and high metamorphic grades, as well as felsic igneous rocks formed with the participation of various sources, can be distinguished. The Junggar terrane exhibits a close tectonic affinity with the Aktau-Mointy, Yili, Issyk-Kul, Chinese Central Tien-Shan, and the Northern Kazakhstan terranes in the Late Precambrian. They were probably located near the Sveconorwegian orogen in the western Baltica within the Rodinia supercontinent structure.

Screening of Sugarcane Commercial GMP Varieties Tolerant to Drought Stress Based on Molecular Detection of P5CS Gene

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) requires sufficient a water supply to produce optimal productivity. The selection of the superior varieties of sugarcane that are tolerant to drought can be done by molecular detection of the presence of the pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene. The research is aimed at molecular detection of P5CS gene in a commercial varieties at PT Gunung Madu Plantations (GMP), Indonesia that are potentially drought resistant. Similar research has never been conducted at PT GMP, as evidenced by the absence of official publications. The varieties used are GMP 3, GMP 5, RGM 06-654, PS 864, RGM 08-1026, PSJT 941, RGM 01-1834, GP11, RGM 07-099, and RGM 02-108. The research phases include DNA isolation, quantitative and qualitative DNA amplification, and PCR product visualization. Molecular data analysis is based on DNA band scoring results in the form of binary data which is then used to calculate the level of polimorphism information content (PIC) on the primary data used. The results of the study showed that nine out of ten varieties had P5CS-specific band sizes of ±167 bp, namely GMP 3, GMP 5, RGM 06-654, PS 864, PSJT 941, RGM 01-1834, GP 11, RGM 07-099, and RGM 02-108. A total of four of the nine varieties showed P5CS gene band thicknesses of RGM06-654, PSJT 941, PS864, and RGM 01-1834 which indicates the selected varieties most resistant to drought. The result of the PIC calculation has a value of > 0.25 which indicates the primary P5CS used is quite informative. The molecular detection was continued on one selected variety is PSJT 941, which showed that the relationship analysis of P5CS gene shows close affinity with the isolates from China and Bogor.

Virulence and molecular epidemiological analysis of three human blood-borne Streptococcus suis

ObjectiveTo understand the virulence genes and molecular epidemiological characteristics of human-infected strains of Streptococcus suis in Rui'an, Zhejiang Province, from 2021 to 2022, and to provide a scientific basis for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control. MethodsThree blood-borne strains of Streptococcus suis were analysed by morphological observation, identification, and drug sensitivity tests. We performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of their main seven virulence factors and housekeeping genes. This was followed by virulence analysis and multilocus sequence typing. We analysed their relationships with local pathogens from previous years. ResultsThree Streptococcus suis strains were isolated from the blood samples of three patients. From these, the virulence genotypes demonstrated that the two strains were orf2+ and ef+/orf2+/sly+, respectively. The Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) typing results demonstrated that the two strains were ST25 and ST7, respectively. ConclusionThe first isolation of ST25 Streptococcus suis in Rui'an was presumed to have a close affinity with the endemic strain in North America. The other strain was an ST7 clone, consistent with the endemic strain in Sichuan, and which may have originated from Sichuan. Virulence genotype analysis demonstrated that different virulence genes of the pathogens resulted in different clinical manifestations.

Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov., a new addition to spiny ants of the genus Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) from Oligo–Miocene Mexican amber

A fossil species of ant, Pheidole praehistorica sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae), is described and illustrated from the late Oligocene and early Miocene amber-bearing beds of Mexico. The type material comprises five amber inclusions from the Simojovel site in Chiapas. Pheidole praehistorica is recognized by having compound eyes positioned mesad on the head and protruded laterally from the head’s margins; pronotum long, forming a neck, with a pair of spines directed dorsolaterally; mesonotal groove deep forming a more or less U-shape concavity in lateral view; dorsal and declivitous faces of the propodeum well differentiated, comprising an approximately 90 degrees angle; propodeum with a pair of long spines; peduncle of the petiole long, as long as the spines of the propodeum. A phylogenetic analysis was also performed using Formica integroides, Camponotus chartifex, Dolichoderus spurius, Cephalotes minutus and Atta mexicana to assess the relationships of P. praehistorica with its fossil spiny congeners from Dominican amber and closely related extant species. The results show close morphological and phylogenetic affinities between the fossil ant P. praehistorica with P. primigenia and P. tethepa from Dominican amber, which may suggest that the shared spinescence character in Pheidole has a probable New World ancestry. The new record of P. praehistorica in the Oligo–Miocene strata of southernmost North America provides further evidence for the ancient distribution of spiny ants of the genus Pheidole in the New World.

Integrative description of Grevenius annulatus (Eutardigrada, Isohypsibioidea) from North‐West Russia with new data on the species cuticular structure leads to the institution of a new genus

AbstractThe phylogenetic position of the tardigrade species Grevenius annulatus was clarified using specimens from North‐West Russia. Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed close affinity of this species with the family Isohypsibiidae. At the same time, its isolated position within this clade, supported by a set of unique morphological and biological characters, prompted the distinguishing of a new genus Cucumibius gen. nov. A new genus Chilibius gen. nov. was also established for Isohypsibius sculptus. We provide a detailed description of the ultrastructure of C. annulatus comb. nov. body cuticle. The newly discovered presence of a complex cuticle of the ‘heterotardigrade type’ in the superfamily Isohypsibioidea is discussed.

Jacqueline Audry’s Colette films: post-war quality style with a feminist edge

ABSTRACT Jacqueline Audry was that rare phenomenon, a woman film director in mid-twentieth century France. Drawn to Colette’s work by her appreciation of the latter’s style and close affinity with her values, Audry fought the initial reluctance of producers and went on to make three films based on Colette’s fictions, all with the author’s approval and the first, Gigi (1949), with her active collaboration. Very much in the ‘quality’ style, these entertaining costume dramas set in the prosperous, liberal era of the Belle Époque gave cinematic form to Colette’s stylistic verve and implicitly feminist philosophy. Audry’s Colette films tell stories of young women on a quest for self-realisation against the constraints of a patriarchal society and are laced with an (often humorous) irony in their representation of gender roles. Audry’s case, this article aims to show, demonstrates that the quality style so reviled by the New Wave could in fact be a form of cinema that effectively combined popular appeal with the seriousness of a subtly progressive feminist politics.

In vitro obtainment of stem-like cells from gubernaculum testis biopsies of cryptorchid pediatric patients

Testicular descent is a crucial event in male sexual development, and alterations in this process during gestation can lead to reduced fertility in adulthood. Cryptorchidism, i.e., failure of one or both testicles to descend into the scrotum, is one of the most common birth defects and represents a principal cause of infertility in adulthood. Therefore, identifying effective approaches for preserving fertility in childhood is of primary importance. In this context, the key role played by the gubernaculum testis during the placement of the testes in the scrotal bursa emerges. Given its close affinity to testicular tissue and its richness in mesenchymal cells, our prime aim is to characterize this para-testicular tissue to explore its potential ability to differentiate into testicular cells for fertility preservation. The first step of our task is represented by the present study that aimed to obtain in vitro stem-like cells starting from gubernaculum testis biopsies of four pediatric patients affected by cryptorchidism, aiming to differentiate them into testicular functioning cells. Our results show that the obtainment of aggregates with stem features is not dependent on the age of the patients and, therefore, not even on the damage suffered by the testis during its stay in the abdomen. This study opens the possibility of extending this approach to older patients, offering a new potential approach to support their fertility potential.

Easy reversible clustering of gold nanoparticles via pH-Induced assembly of PVP-b-PAA copolymer

The growing demand of novel hybrid organic/inorganic systems with exciting properties has contributed to an increasing need for simplifying production strategies. Here, we report a simple method to obtain controlled three-dimensional hybrid architectures, in particular hybrid supracolloids (hSC), formed by gold nanoparticles and a double hydrophilic block copolymer, specifically the poly(acrylic acid)-block-poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PAA-b-PVP), directly in aqueous medium. The ubiquitous pH-sensitive poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) block initiates the assembly through pH changes, while the poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) block assures the close affinity with the AuNPs. We demonstrate that the formation of hybrid supracolloids (hSC) is the result of the synergetic behavior of the two specific polymeric blocks. Additionally, the entire process shows spontaneous and fast switchability. The nanostructured copolymer behaves like a highly swollen hydrogel and displays a disordered internal structure. The driving force for the association of the copolymer chains is induced by the synergetic effects of the decrease in solubility of the poly(acrylic acid) block and the formation of inter and intra chains hydrogen bonds. These were demonstrated by using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDX). In turn, the AuNPs are randomly spread all over the polymeric matrix, as demonstrated by field emission gun – scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM). A correlation analysis reveals the hSC density depends mostly on the initial concentration of AuNPs. These results can inspire the fabrication of more complex structures with multicomponent composition.

Genome-Wide and Transcriptome-Wide Association Studies on Northern New England and Ohio Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Cohorts.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an age-associated, fatal neurodegenerative disorder causing progressive paralysis and respiratory failure. The genetic architecture of ALS is still largely unknown. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) to understand genetic risk factors for ALS using a population-based case-control study of 435 ALS cases and 279 controls from Northern New England and Ohio. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping was conducted using the Illumina NeuroChip array. Odds ratios were estimated using covariate-adjusted logistic regression. We also performed a genome-wide SNP-smoking interaction screening. TWAS analyses used PrediXcan to estimate associations between predicted gene expression levels across 15 tissues (13 brain tissues, skeletal muscle, and whole blood) and ALS risk. GWAS analyses identified the p.A382T missense variant (rs367543041, p = 3.95E-6) in the TARDBP gene, which has previously been reported in association with increased ALS risk and was found to share a close affinity with the Sardinian haplotype. Both GWAS and TWAS analyses suggested that ZNF235 is associated with decreased ALS risk. Our results support the need for future evaluation to clarify the role of these potential genetic risk factors for ALS and to understand genetic susceptibility to environmental risk factors.

Enhancing Women Education for a Sustainable Environmental Development

Women represent a good proportion of any society’s Population and they have been known to have contributed in very many ways to the development and betterment of the society of most nations, notably the developed nations. In Nigeria, Women are the Primary environment mangers, extractors and the users of environmental resource, so they have close affinity with the environment. The rural women relate with nature to provide the basis for their day-to-day struggle for survival. They have an essential role to play in the development of sustainable and ecological sound consumption, Production Patterns and approaches to natural resources management. This paper focuses on strategies that will aid women to better cope with maintaining the environment in their multi-faceted roles. It is the view of this paper that, urgent attention should be given to the education of women if true and Sustainable environmental development is to be achieved. Keywords: Women Education, Sustainable Environmental Development, Consumption. Production Aims Research Journal Reference Format: Ibhafidon-Momodu, G.O. (2024): Enhancing Women Education for a Sustainable Environmental Development Advances in Multidisciplinary and Scientific Research Journal Vol. 10. No. 3. Pp 7-12 www.isteams.net/aimsjournal. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/V10N3P12

A Fossil Dicot Wood form the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Marzari, Nagpur, (India)

A well preserved dicot wood was collected form (Lat 21*,30, to22*,55, N) and long 78*,15 to79*,20 E which was found in intertrsppean locality of Marzari Nagpur District M.S. The present investigation a black color fossiliferous wood is dicotyledonous diffuse, porous vessels mostly solitary and radial multiples of two Perforated simple plate. Intravascular pit pairs alternate, bordered, parenchyma, Para tracheal, vasciicentric wood rays mostly multiiseriate and composed of heterogeneous cells, uniseriate rays mostly homogenous fibers short, thin walled no septate. The wood through shows some characters of the present day families like Menispermaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Anonnaceae, Lythraceae. It has close affinities with the members of family Anonnaceae It could not conclusively be traced to any particular genus but it broadly placed under the family Anonnaceae. The chief characteristics features wood is diffuse porous, oblique septate and non- steroid the affinities with the family Anonnaceae and hence named as sheikhoxylon mahuzarii after its locality.

Genetic history and biological adaptive landscape of the Tujia people inferred from shared haplotypes and alleles

BackgroundHigh-quality genomic datasets from under-representative populations are essential for population genetic analysis and medical relevance. Although the Tujia are the most populous ethnic minority in southwestern China, previous genetic studies have been fragmented and only partially reveal their genetic diversity landscape. The understanding of their fine-scale genetic structure and potentially differentiated biological adaptive features remains nascent.ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the demographic history and genetic architecture related to the natural selection of the Tujia people, focusing on a meta-Tujia population from the central regions of the Yangtze River Basin.ResultsPopulation genetic analyses conducted on the meta-Tujia people indicate that they occupy an intermediate position in the East Asian North-South genetic cline. A close genetic affinity was identified between the Tujia people and neighboring Sinitic-speaking populations. Admixture models suggest that the Tujia can be modeled as a mixture of northern and southern ancestries. Estimates of f3/f4 statistics confirmed the presence of ancestral links to ancient Yellow River Basin millet farmers and the BaBanQinCen-related groups. Furthermore, population-specific natural selection signatures were explored, revealing highly differentiated functional variants between the Tujia and southern indigenous populations, including genes associated with hair morphology (e.g., EDAR) and skin pigmentation (e.g., SLC24A5). Additionally, both shared and unique selection signatures were identified among ethnically diverse but geographically adjacent populations, highlighting their extensive admixture and the biological adaptations introduced by this admixture.ConclusionsThe study unveils significant population movements and genetic admixture among the Tujia and other ethno-linguistically diverse East Asian groups, elucidating the differentiated adaptation processes across geographically diverse populations from the current genetic landscape.

A new berry-fruited Begonia (Begoniaceae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India

A new berry-fruited Begonia in section Platycentrum (Begoniaceae) from Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India is described here based on morphological and molecular evidence. The new species shows close phenotypic affinities with B. silletensis and B. aborensis. A detailed description is provided along with coloured photo plates, comparison with its closely allied taxa, distribution map and provisional conservation status. The systematic position is also established herein among the closely allied taxa based on ITS2 sequences.

The brachiopod faunas from the Fezouata Shale (Lower Ordovician; Tremadocian–Floian) of the Zagora area, Anti‐Atlas, Morocco: evidence for a biodiversity hub in Gondwana

AbstractSince the early 2000s, the discovery of fossils and their collection from the Fezouata Shale has accelerated; enabling us to understand the faunas more thoroughly. The brachiopod fauna has not been investigated for the past 50 years, and we present here the results of our recent studies. From the material (c. 350 samples), 30 species were identified and assigned to 23 genera. Among these, one new genus (Tinzoulinorthis) and four new species (Wosekella maghribi, Rafanoglossa inversa, Orbithele tazagurta, Lacunites punctum) are erected; one taxon is recognized at the family level. The fauna described from the upper Tremadocian horizons is more diverse than those in the Floian. The former is characterized by a high γ‐diversity, although at the horizon level the α‐diversity is low to medium. This fauna is typical of high‐energy, shallow‐water, unstable environmental conditions, in which long‐lived communities were prevented from developing into climax communities, and the succession of opportunists were regularly smothered in situ and killed by storm deposits. Multivariate analyses of the faunas indicate that the Tremadocian fauna, characterized by many endemic taxa, has closer affinities with faunas from peri‐Gondwanan terranes, in particular Bohemia. The Tremadocian Fezouata fauna is very rich in taxon first occurrences, which, coupled with a high γ‐diversity, suggest that it may have been a diversity hub. In contrast, the Floian Fezouata fauna not only shows stronger connections with Bohemia and the Montagne Noire, it also has links with the South Urals and Baltica, reflecting the changing Early Ordovician palaeogeography.

Seed morphology of species of Spergula and Spergularia (Caryophyllaceae) occurring in Ukraine and its taxonomic significance

The micro- and macromorphological characteristics of seeds of species of the genera Spergula and Spergularia in the flora of Ukraine were studied in order to identify new diagnostic characters useful for solving taxonomic issues. The ultrastructure of the seed surface was studied using a scanning electron microscope. Seeds of some species of these genera are similar in appearance (especially with a wide wing — Spergula morisonii and Spergularia marina), which can be one of the confirmations of the close taxonomic affinity of these genera. The results of our study showed that the ultrastructure patterns of the surface of seeds of Spergula and Spergularia species differ among themselves within these genera but for some species can be used as diagnostic characters for their identification. The data obtained confirm the results of our previous research on the taxonomic status of some representatives of the studied taxa (Fedoronchuk, 2023). In particular, taking into account the similarity of seed ultrastructure and other characteristics that have been proposed previously, we consider Spergula vulgaris a synonym of Spergula arvensis subsp. arvensis, S. vernalis — a synonym of S. morisonii, Spergularia media — a synonym of Spergularia marina, and Spergularia salina — a synonym of Spergularia marina. Differences in the surface ultrastructure of Spergula sativa and Spergula arvensis subsp. arvensis, which is consistent with our understanding of the taxon (Fedoronchuk, 2023) as Spergula arvensis subsp. sativa, as well as between Spergula maxima and Spergula arvensis subsp. arvensis, accordingly we propose — Spergula arvensis subsp. maxima. Compiled descriptions of the surface ultrastructure of seeds of Spergula and Spergularia species collected in the territory of Ukraine can be used as a model for assessing the possible variability of the morphological characters of these species in other regions of the world.

Detrital zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopes of late Meso-Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks in the South Altyn Tagh: Implications for tectonic affinity of microcontinents in NW China

The Neoproterozoic tectonic correlation between the Central-South Altyn, Qilian, Qaidam, and East Kunlun blocks in northwestern China remains controversial, with competing models favoring separate blocks or a unified single block, and debatable paleo-positions in the Rodinia supercontinent. In this study, we present a systematic provenance study on the late Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks from the South Altyn Tagh. A mica quartz schist sample from the Bashikuergan group yielded a maximum depositional age of 1050 ± 31 Ma. Four paragneiss samples from the Altyn Complex yielded maximum depositional ages of 1106 Ma, 1065 Ma, 1054 Ma, and 870 Ma. Given that the Altyn Complex was intruded by numerous early Neoproterozoic granitoids (ca. 976–900 Ma), we propose that the sedimentary protoliths of the Altyn Complex and the Bashikuergan Group were deposited at two stages, i.e., ca. 1105–975 Ma and after 870 Ma. Provenance tracing indicates that these 1105–975 Ma sediments probably received detritus from the late Mesoproterozoic rocks of Western Australia, East Antarctica, and Central Indian Tectonic Zone in India. In contrast, the detritus of the paragneiss (deposited after 870 Ma) was likely sourced from local regions in the Altyn Tagh orogen. Combined with the comparable magmatic, sedimentary, and tectonic records, we propose that a few microcontinental fragments in northwestern China, including Central-South Altyn Tagh, Qilian, Qaidam, and East Kunlun blocks, constituted a unified block in the early Neoproterozoic and occupied a periphery position of the Rodinia supercontinent with a close paleogeographic affinity to South China and Northwest India.

A new species of Tapajosa Melichar from Curaçao, Lesser Antilles (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Proconiini)

A new species of the Neotropical genus Tapajosa Melichar 1924 from Curaçao is proposed, described, and illustrated. Tapajosa arawaka sp. nov. differs from other species of the genus mainly in the shape of male genitalia. Its close morphological affinity with Tapajosa spinata Young, 1968 suggests that ancestors of the new species migrated from mainland Venezuela.

Clinical and social characteristics of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and anxiety-depressive disorders

The purpose of the study was to investigate the complex interrelationships of clinical, psychopathological, and socio-psychological characteristics in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and anxiety-depressive disorders (ADD). The study involved 145 patients: 85 patients were diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis (the study group) and 60 patients – with anxiety-depressive disorders without tuberculosis (the comparison group). The study assessed the level of anxiety and depressive disorders, asthenia, the nature and intensity of somatic complaints, and signs of vegetative changes; the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) and the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire were used. A cluster analysis of clinical and social factors in patients with tuberculosis and ADD showed that they had an "infiltration" of individual psychological, socio-demographic, and clinical factors that demonstrated close affinity with each other. Notably, subjective indicators of social and physical well-being were mostly related to the clinical manifestations of ADD, while objective socio-demographic indicators showed greater affinity with the clinical manifestations of the tuberculosis process. In the comparison group, a more significant autonomy of the studied individually and socially oriented parameters, as well as clinical factors, was revealed compared with the study group. A cluster analysis of the entire patient sample (145 patients) allowed obtaining results that complement and largely confirm the results of the analysis of the two samples (the study and the comparison groups). Almost all TB patients are concentrated in clusters characterized by the most severe clinical manifestations and impaired social functioning. TB patients were characterized by the most severe manifestations of ADD with severe asthenia, a high level of somatic complaints on the exhaustion scale, and pronounced signs of vegetative changes. Despite the good formal indicators of social adaptation (family, household), they are characterized by an extremely low level of socially oriented and social functioning and indicators of quality of life. The assessment of the parameters of quality of life and social functioning, their correlations with clinical characteristics, and the establishment of a hierarchy of their relationships should be taken into account when conducting a complex of therapeutic and rehabilitation measures for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and ADD, which contributes to a more differentiated approach to rehabilitation and the development of optimal therapeutic strategies.

Paospora carinifang n. gen., n. sp. (Microsporidia: Spragueidae), a parasite of the ridgetail white prawn, Palaemon carinicauda

A new microsporidian disease of the pond-reared ridgetail white prawn, Palaemon carinicauda, was found in China. Light microscopy, pathology, and scanning electron microscopy showed that the parasite infected the host’s skeletal muscle tissue and formed spherical sporophorous vesicles (SPOVs). Electron microscopy revealed that its merogonic life stages developed in direct contact with the host cytoplasm. The sporogonic life stages underwent octosporoblastic sporogony with the formation of eight uninucleate spores in each SPOV. Fresh SPOVs were 5.4 ± 0.55 µm in diameter. The octospores were oval and measured 2.3 × 1.5 μm (fresh) and 1.96 × 1.17 μm (fixed). The isofilar polar filament was coiled with 9–10 turns and arranged in two rows. Phylogenetic analysis based on the SSU rRNA gene suggests that this microsporidium has close affinities with members of the genera Potaspora and Apotaspora, but represents an independent generic taxon. We therefore propose the establishment of a new genus and species (Paospora carinifang n. gen., n. sp.) within the family Spragueidae. We also propose a taxonomic revision to transfer Potaspora macrobrachium to this new genus and reclassify it as Paospora macrobrachium comb. nov.