Clinpro XT Varnish Research Articles

Comparative Evaluation of Icon Resin Infiltration and Clinpro XT Varnish Effects on Surface Characteristics in Artificially Induced White Spot Lesions

Comparative Evaluation of Icon Resin Infiltration and Clinpro XT Varnish Effects on Surface Characteristics in Artificially Induced White Spot Lesions

Effect of Dental Varnishes in Prevention of Enamel Demineralization Adjacent to Orthodontic Brackets.

The aim of the current research was to assess the ability of different dental varnishes in averting enamel demineralization adjoining the orthodontic brackets. Seventy-five premolars devoid of dental caries that were subjected to extraction for orthodontic purposes were employed in this research. The surface of enamel was etched with 37% phosphoric acid and subjected to primer application. Individual brackets were placed on the midregion of the buccal surfaces of the premolars with Transbond™ XT adhesive. Postbracket bonding, the dry premolar tooth samples were set aside cautiously. The samples were then allocated to three groups: Group I: Duraphat Varnish, Group II: Clinpro XT Varnish, and Group III: Profluorid Varnish. Every sample was independently subjected to immersion in demineralizing solution for a period of 96 h at 37°C in an incubator. Areas of demineralization were evaluated by documenting the microhardness along the severed surface using a microhardness tester equipped with a Vickers diamond. The highest surface microhardness was noted with Profluorid Varnish group at 328.48 ± 1.12 in pursuit by Clinpro XT Varnish group at 322.08 ± 0.04 as well as Duraphat Varnish group at 307.42 ± 0.28 with a statistically noteworthy dissimilarity amid the groups. In conclusion, the three varnishes employed had an influence on the prevention of enamel demineralization surrounding the orthodontic brackets. Profluorid varnish however exhibited maximum efficiency in avoiding enamel demineralization versus Clinpro XT varnish as well as Duraphat varnish group.

Fluoride Retention in Root Dentin following Surface Coating Material Application.

This study aimed to use an in-air micro-particle-induced X-ray/gamma emission (in-air µPIXE/PIGE) system to evaluate tooth-bound fluoride (T-F) in dentin following the application of fluoride-containing tooth-coating materials. Three fluoride-containing coating materials (PRG Barrier Coat, Clinpro XT varnish, and Fuji IX EXTRA) and a control were applied to the root dentin surface of human molars (n = 6, total 48 samples). Samples were stored in a remineralizing solution (pH 7.0) for 7 or 28 days and then sectioned into two adjacent slices. One slice of each sample was immersed in 1M potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution for 24 h and rinsed with water for 5 min for the T-F analysis. The other slice did not undergo KOH treatment and was used to analyze the total fluoride content (W-F). The fluoride and calcium distributions were measured in all the slices using an in-air µPIXE/PIGE. Additionally, the amount of fluoride released from each material was measured. Clinpro XT varnish demonstrated the highest fluoride release among all the materials and tended to show high W-F and T-F and lower T-F/W-F ratios. Our study demonstrates that a high fluoride-releasing material shows high fluoride distribution into the tooth structure and low conversion from fluoride uptake by tooth-bound fluoride.

A 58S bioactive glass for dentin hypersensitivity and erosive tooth wear: An in vitro study

ObjectivesTo assess the effect of an experimental 58S bioactive glass on dentin permeability (dP) and erosive tooth wear (dentin surface loss - dSL). Methods58S bioactive glass was synthetized using a sol-gel methodology, following by lyophilization and calcination, then mixed with phosphoric acid to obtain a paste (BGP). Forty-eight dentin disks (1 mm-thick) were used for dP, and 48 dentin slabs (3 mm × 3 mm) for dSL, which were assessed at three time intervals: post-EDTA (5 min in 17% EDTA solution); post-treatment (C: distilled water; BGP: experimental bioactive glass paste; NP: Nupro prophylaxis paste; CXT: Clinpro XT varnish); and post-erosive/abrasive cycling. Data were statistically analyzed (α=0.05). ResultsFor dP and dSL, Groups did not differ significantly post-EDTA (p>0.05). Post-treatment, all groups showed lower dP than C (p<0.05), without differing significantly among them. For the dSL analysis, Groups C, BGP and NP did not differ significantly, showing lower values than CXT (p<0.05). Post-cycling, C continued to show the highest dP (p<0.05). Specimens from Group CXT had the lowest dP and did not differ from NP (p=0.86) which did not differ from BGP (p=0.193). For C and BGP, dP value was higher post-cycling than post-treatment (p<0.05). For NP and CXT, these experimental times did not differ (p>0.05). Post-cycling, dSL for C, BGP and NP did not differ significantly; values were higher than those for CXT (p<0.05). ConclusionsBGP reduced dP after application, with a reduced effect after cycling. Nonetheless, it was not able to protect dentin against erosive tooth wear. Clinical SignificanceMinimizing dentin hypersensitivity is a challenge in the field of dentistry. The development of alternative products with potential to obliterate dentinal tubules and provide resistance to chemical/mechanical stimuli is, thus, highly desirable. We have proposed a material able to reduce dentin permeability, which has emerged as a promising alternative for this purpose.

Comparative Evaluation of Effect of Different Varnishes (MI Varnish, Clinpro Varnish and Fluor Protector Varnish) on Candida albicans Count and Salivary pH in Children aged 6-12 years – A Randomized Control Trial

PURPOSE: Candida albicans one of the commensal organisms in the oral cavity, causes fermentation of the dietary carbohydrates leading to the formation of organic acids, which contributes to the development of dental caries. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of 3 different fluoride varnishes against Candida albicans in the prevention of dental caries before and immediately after fluoride varnish application and also over a period of 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. METHODOLOGY: A sample size of 60 children’s aged between 6-12 years were randomly selected by block randomization and divided into 3 groups: Group 1 MI Varnish, Group 2 Clinpro XT varnish and Group 3 Flour Protector varnish. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected before and after the application of fluoride varnishes (collected immediately after application, after 1 week, 1 month and 3 months) and were sent for microbiological analysis. The pH of the samples were evaluated by Indikrom paper strips. The results obtained were statistically analysed by mean, standard deviation and One way ANOVA. RESULTS: MI varnish showed a significant drop in Candida albicans followed by Clinpro XT varnish and Fluor Protector Varnish whereas no significant difference were seen in pH. CONCLUSION: The results of the study shows that MI Varnish, Clinpro XT Varnish and Fluor Protector Varnish have antifungal effect on Candida albicans. MI Varnish showed its more profound effect.

In vitro surface analysis of the brushing resistance of orthodontic sealants using two different profilometric evaluation methods

The enamel can be protected by applying orthodontic sealants at the bracket base to avoid the development of white spot lesions caused by inadequate oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical resistance of five commonly used orthodontic sealants against brushing in comparison to a positive group. Hydroxyapatite discs were bonded with a metal bracket and a piece of arch-wire was ligated in order to simulate a daily clinical situation (n = 48). Samples were divided into 6 groups of respectively 8 specimens. Sealants were applied around the bracket base according to manufacturer’s instructions. Following sealants were used: Group 1: Pro Seal (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Illinois, USA); 2: Light Bond (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Illinois, USA); 3: ClinproXT Varnish (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany); 4: ProtectoCaF2 Nano (BonaDent GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany); 5: Fluor Protector and 6: Tetric EvoFlow (both Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan Liechtenstein). Tooth brushing were simulated for 6 weeks and 6 months with an electric toothbrush. The sealant thickness was measured by mechanical (MP) and optical profilometry (OP) at baseline, after 6 weeks and after 6 months of brushing. Statistical analysis was performed according to two mixed linear models and post hoc Tukey–Kramer comparisons. The significance level was set at 5% (α ≤ 0.05). Pro Seal (MP: 9%; OP: 22%) and Light Bond (MP: 19%; OP: 16%) showed the lowest changes in sealant thickness after 6 months of simulated brushing. ClinproXT Varnish and Tetric EvoFlow recorded no statistically significant results (p > 0.05). The fluoride varnishes ProtectoCaF2 Nano and Fluor Protector could not be conclusively evaluated since the thickness of the sealants could not be determined at baseline. The results of both evaluation methods MP and OP are in good agreement. Pro Seal and Light Bond were resistant against tooth brushing and were able to adequately keep the bracket environment sealed even after 6 months. The two different measuring methods, MP and OP, provide a precise impression of the changes in the surface.

Assessment of the Ability of Desensitizing and Conventional Mouth Rinses to Promote Dentin Tubule Occlusion.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of desensitizing and conventional mouth rinses on dentin tubule occlusion. Dentin hypersensitivity was simulated by EDTA application for five minutes. The specimens were randomly allocated into the following groups: desensitizing mouth rinses (Colgate Sensitive, Elmex Sensitive Professional, Listerine Advanced Defense Sensitive, Sensodyne Cool Mint); conventional mouth rinses (Colgate Plax, Elmex Caries Protection, Listerine Anticaries, Sensodyne Pronamel); a negative control (C-: distilled water); and Clinpro XT Varnish was the positive control (C+). Subsequently, the specimens were submitted to an erosive or abrasive challenge (performed separately) and to an erosive/abrasive cycling for five days (n=10 for each challenge). After treatment, challenges, and cycling, the specimens were analyzed in an environmental scanning electron microscope to verify the number of open dentin tubules (ODTs), counted by using Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman and Dunn tests, with Bonferroni correction (α=0.05). Groups did not differ at baseline (p>0.05). At the post-treatment, erosion and abrasion stages, C+ was the only group that showed a reduction in ODTs compared to C-(p<0.05). In the other groups, numbers did not differ significantly from C- (p>0.05). After cycling, none of the groups exhibited significant reduction in ODTs other than C- (p>0.05); however, C+, Listerine Anticaries, and Colgate Plax had a lower number of ODTs than Listerine Sensitive and Sensodyne Pronamel. No mouth rinse was able to promote significant occlusion of the dentin tubules after treatment and the challenges. C+ was the only product that effectively promoted tubular occlusion, but this effect did not withstand several erosive and abrasive challenges.

Comparison of the efficacy of Icon resin infiltration and Clinpro XT varnish on remineralization of white spot lesions: An in-vitro study.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy of Icon resin infiltration and Clinpro XT varnish on remineralization of white spot lesions using a polarized light microscope (PLM).MATERIALS & METHODS:Artificial white spot lesions were created on a sample of 40 extracted human premolar teeth by immersing in a demineralizing solution. All samples were randomly allocated to two groups of 20 each; Group A: Icon resin infiltration and Group B: Clinpro XT varnish. Teeth were sectioned along the buccolingual plane using a diamond disc. Specimens were observed under the PLM (4× magnification) at three deepest measurements and their averages were calculated to obtain the mean penetration depth. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22.0). Independent samples t-test and group statistics were used to compare the two groups. In all statistical tests, the significance level was set at 5% (P < 0.05).RESULTS:Both Icon resin infiltration and Clinpro XT groups showed a statistically significant difference (P = 0.00) in the penetration depth. Icon resin infiltration group showed a significantly higher penetration depth (24.46 μm) compared to the Clinpro XT group (12.34 μm). Group A showed a greater mean penetration depth (17.07 ± 4.35 μm) when compared to group B (7.68 ± 1.81 μm).CONCLUSION:Icon resin infiltration showed a significantly higher penetration depth and is more effective on remineralization of white spot lesions when compared to Clinpro XT varnish.

The effect of layered double hydroxide on fluoride release and recharge from a commercial and an experimental resin varnish

ObjectivesLayered Double Hydroxide (LDH) is capable of fluoride anion exchange and release. This study investigated the effects of incorporating ZnAl-LDH in commercial and experimental dental varnishes, on fluoride release and re-release after charging in NaF. MethodsFive discs of each material (commercial ClinproXT varnish and experimental light cured resin varnish), with and without 9%ZnAl-LDH were immersed and agitated in deionised water (DW) at 37 °C. A fluoride ion selective electrode measured fluoride release in DW daily over two-weeks. At 3, 6, 9 and 12 days the discs were recharged in 15 ml 0.05 M NaF solution (37 °C) for five minutes followed by immersion in DW. Energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDS), weight changes and SEMs were performed on discs, before and after each cycle. ResultsEvidence of ZnAl-LDH was confirmed by the presence of peaks for zinc and aluminium in EDS spectra. Cumulative fluoride and mean fluoride released between Clinpro, Clinpro + LDH and resin were significantly different (ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test, p < 0.001) except between the resin and resin + LDH. Mean fluoride concentrations differed significantly after every recharge between Clinpro, Clinpro + LDH and resin, but not between the resin and resin + LDH (p < 0.01). The weights and SEMs of the experimental resins +/-LDH, appeared to be stable whilst the weights of Clinpro samples +/−LDH, fluctuated and fragmented. SignificanceClinproXT and experimental resin containing ZnAl-LDH recharged with fluoride did not significantly increase fluoride release compared to the unmodified materials. However, all LDH-F incorporated materials demonstrated fluoride recharging properties which appear beneficial to dentistry and thus further work is required to improve these properties.

Efficacy of a calcium-phosphate/fluoride varnish and ionomeric sealant on cervical dentin hypersensitivity: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study.

Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a common problem in the population that can have a significant impact on the quality of life of those who suffer from the condition. Compare the efficacy of two treatments for DH: Ca/PO4 - /F- varnish (Clinpro White Varnish) and ionomeric sealant (IS) (Clinpro XT Varnish) with a placebo. Participants (121) with at least one tooth with visual analogue scale (VAS) score of 4 and above were randomly and blindly allocated to the groups. Treatments were performed by a trained researcher. DH was evaluated by another blind researcher after the treatment and after 1week, 4weeks, 3months and 6months. After 4weeks, placebo received the DH treatment with IS; thus, the participants were not assessed after 3 and 6months. Primary outcome was DH reduction after 4weeks. Differences in VAS scores in the other time intervals and entire values of VAS were considered secondary outcomes. Comparisons were made among the groups (α=0.05). IS showed the highest VAS value difference between baseline and 4weeks (mean±SD: 3.7±2.2), differing significantly from placebo (2.3±1.7) and Ca/PO4/F- varnish (2.6±2.0). Ca/PO4- /F- varnish did not differ from placebo. In all time intervals, VAS values of all groups were significantly lower than the baseline value, without differences among groups. For the long-term differences in VAS values (3 and 6months), the IS exhibited significantly higher values than Ca/PO4- /F- varnish. The IS was the most efficacious product for reducing DH, whereas Ca/PO4- /F- varnish did not differ from placebo. Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04591444).

Efficacy of CPP-ACP fluoride varnish applied with and without acid etching in preventing enamel demineralization compared to light-curable fluoride varnish.

To compare efficacy of casein phosphopeptide (CPP)-amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) fluoride varnish and light-curable resin modified glass ionomer fluoride varnish (FV) in preventing white spot lesions and evaluating acid etching prior to CPP-ACPFV application on its efficacy. Molars and premolars were transected and halves divided into four groups (n = 18/group): (1) resin-modified glass ionomer FV: etched and Clinpro-XT varnish (3M ESPE, Pymble, New South Wales, Australia) application; (2) CPP-ACPFV: MI varnish (GC America, Alsip, IL) application; (3) Etch+CPP-ACPFV: etched and MI varnish application; (4) Control: etched and no surface treatment. To simulate 12 weeks in an intraoral environment, samples were subjected to thermocycling, brushing, and pH cycling. Enamel surface microhardness was evaluated at baseline and after the simulated 12 weeks. Representative samples were also assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At baseline there was no significant difference in microhardness among groups. After the simulated 12 weeks, all groups showed significant within-group differences (P < .001). Control showed the highest percentage loss of surface microhardness (89%), followed by CPP-ACPFV (58%), RMGIFV (51%), and Etch+CPP-ACPFV (24%). The control group had a significant decrease in microhardness compared to all experimental groups (P < .001). No difference was found between the RMGIFV and CPP-ACPFV varnish groups. The Etch+CPP-ACPFV group had significantly less decrease in microhardness compared to the RMGIFV (P < .001) and CPP-ACPFV groups (P < .001). With SEM, control samples showed signs of enamel surface damage, while experimental groups showed spherical particles on a relatively intact surface. RMGIFV and CPP-ACPFV are effective in reducing enamel demineralization. Acid etching the enamel surface prior to CPP-ACPFV varnish application increased its efficacy.

Evaluation of the state and shade of white spot lesions after treatment with different remineralizing agents ( An in-vivo comparative study ).

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of three remineralizing agents’ (Curodont repair, Clinpro XT varnish, and Clinpro white varnish) application on the state and shade of white spot. Materials and methods: Twenty patients were included in this study. The state and shade of white spot lesions before the application of the remineralizing agents were assessed using two devices, which are the Diagnodent Pen and Vita easyshade V. The affected nearest right tooth to the midline was treated with Curodont™ Repair, while the affected nearest left tooth to the midline was treated using Clinpro™ XT Varnish, and the third right or left affected tooth was treated using Clinpro white varnish (3M ESPE Dental). After the application, each white spot lesion of the treated tooth was evaluated immediately, after three months and after six months. Results: Both Curodont™ Repair and Clinpro™ XT Varnish showed significant improvement in the state (p < 0.001) and shade (p < 0.001) of the lesions after application, both immediately and after three and six months, with no significant difference between the effect of both treatments (p=0.140 and p=0.985 respectively). Clinpro white varnish showed no significant improvement in the state and shade after application, immediately or after three and six months. Conclusion: Curodont™ Repair and Clinpro™ XT Varnish showed significant improvement in the progression white spot lesions. Clinpro white varnish showed no significant effect.

Optical analysis of the behavior of sealants under mechanical, thermal and chemical stress

Regarding their resistance five sealants were tested in vitro after experiencing mechanical, thermal and chemical stress. Included for testing were two fluoride varnishes: Fluor Protector [FP] (Ivoclar Vivadent) and Protecto CaF2 Nano One-Step Seal [PN] (BonaDent) and three fluoride-composite filled sealants (with acid etch technique): Clinpro XT Varnish [CP] (3 M Espe), Pro Seal [PS] & Light Bond [LB] (Reliance Orthodontic Products) and a positive control group [CG] Tetric EvoFlow (Ivoclar Vivadent). The sealants were applied on 180 bovine teeth (n = 10/ sealer) in a standardized manner after bracket bonding. Mechanical pressure and its effect by simulating different time points and standardized electric cleaning protocol was tested first. Followed by thermal burden due to varying thermal stress and thirdly change in pH stress imitating chemical exposure were examined separately. A digital microscope and a grid incisal and apical to the brackets (n = 32 fields) was used to standardize the optical analysis. Material loss due to mechanical stress compared to CG (score 0.00) was CP (1.2%), FP (21.5%), LB (22.2%) and PN (81.1%). No significant difference to CG presented PS. Material loss due to thermal stress was CP (0.5%), PS (2%), FP (2.6%), LB (3.1%) and PN (39.9%). Material loss due to chemical stress was FP (1.8%), PS (2.1%), LB (5.5%) and PN (39.6%). No significant difference to CG presented CP. Only PS and CP had optically provable, good resiliance to mechanical, thermal and chemical stress. Significantly poorer outcomes in particular showed PN.

Comparative evaluation of fluoride varnishes, self-assembling peptide-based remineralization agent, and enamel matrix protein derivative on artificial enamel remineralization in vitro

BackgroundOne of the most unfavorable side effects of fixed orthodontic treatment is white spot lesions (WSLs). Although the most important approach is prevention of WSLs, it is also essential to evaluate the efficacy of the remineralization agents. However, there is no concurrence in the literature with respect to the remineralization process of these agents. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different fluoride varnishes, enamel matrix protein, and self-assembling peptide derivatives with varying chemical compositions on remineralization of artificially created WSLs in vitro using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF).MethodsArtificial WSLs were created on bovine enamel samples using acidic buffer solution (pH 5, 10 days). Specimens were randomly allocated to six groups (n = 10/group): (1) Emdogain (Straumann, Basel, Switzerland), (2) Curodont Repair (Credentis AG, Switzerland), (3) Duraphat (Colgate-Palmolive, New York, NY), (4) Clinpro XT (3 M ESPE, Pymble, New South Wales, Australia), (5) Enamel Pro Varnish (Premier Dental Products, PA, USA), and (6) control (untreated). The agents were applied to the WSLs according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Fluorescence loss (ΔF), lesion area (area), and impact (ΔQ) values of enamel surfaces were quantified by QLF-D BiluminatorTM (Inspektor-Pro, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) at baseline and after 7, 14, and 21 days of application of the respective materials.ResultsΔF value presented a significantly decreasing trend throughout the 21 days for all groups except the Duraphat and Enamel Pro varnishes. The changes between 14th and 21st days of the Clinpro XT varnish application were significantly higher than Emdogain, Curodont, and Enamel Pro. The Curodont group showed higher lesion area changes between the first and second week in comparison to the Emdogain, Clinpro XT, and Enamel Pro groups, whereas Clinpro XT assured the highest reduction from the second to the third week of the observation period.ConclusionsThe fluorescence loss was significantly reduced with enamel matrix protein, self-assembling peptide, and light-curable fluoride varnishes in the analysis for 21 days. Curodont and Clinpro XT were effective in diminishing the fluorescence loss and lesion area compared to the Duraphat, Enamel Pro fluoride varnishes, and Emdogain in different time points.

Novel Management of Hypersensitive Dentin Using Propolis-based Herbal Desensitizing Agents: An In Vitro Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

The objective of this in vitro study was to assess the efficacy of novel propolis-based varnish against the two conventional varnishes on quantitative and qualitative assessments of occlusion of dentin tubules and resistance to erosive and abrasive wears employing scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thirty human premolars free from caries extracted due to orthodontic reasons were included in the study. Experimental group was done based on treatment received and divided into three groups. Group A: ClinProXT Varnish (n = 10), Group B: MI Varnish (n = 10), and Group C: Propolis Varnish (n = 10) were applied. Teeth were cleaned and decoronation of crown was done with dentin disks. Dentin specimens of dimension 4 × 4 × 2 mm were prepared and subjected to finishing and polishing. The sample specimens were submersed in EDTA solution for a period of five minutes to open up the dentinal tubules. This was followed by treatment with varnishes and subjection to acidic-abrasive challenge. The specimens were analyzed with an image analyzer connected to SEM for the verification of the number of opened dentin tubules. The parameter assessed in SEM includes size, topography and surface characteristics of dentinal tubule were assessed. The obliteration potential of dentinal tubules was assessed with SEM images. Additionally, the dentin surface loss and resistance to acidic and abrasive wear were also evaluated with SEM. Data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Tukey's test. MI Varnish caused higher obliteration of dentin tubules followed by ClinproXT Varnish. Propolis Varnish showed the least obliteration of dentinal tubules among tested experimental groups. After acidic-abrasive challenge, Propolis Varnish was found to be more efficient with less material loss among the experimental groups tested. There was an insignificant difference among the MI Varnish and ClinProXT Varnish groups. Simulation of hypersensitive lesions mimicking the clinical scenario was a challenging task in this in vitro study. All varnishes tested in the study had good efficacy in the management of dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Propolis-based varnish had good resistance to material loss after subjection to acidic-abrasive challenge among the tested materials. The casein phosphopeptide (CPP)-amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-based MI Varnish had good efficacy to obliterate the dentinal tubules among the tested materials. It was prudent to select the varnishes with good long-term efficacy to survive in the clinical scenario which still remains a challenging task for the clinicians. The stability of the varnish plays a vital role in maintenance of its long-term efficacy. The chemical nature along with the ability of the material to interact with the substrate plays a major role in management of DH.

Non-invasive and micro-invasive treatments to arrest active occlusal carious lesions in erupting permanent molars: A randomized clinical trial.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of non-invasive and micro-invasive treatments on the arrest of occlusal enamel carious lesions in erupting permanent molars. This two-arm randomized clinical trial included 27 subjects, aged 5-11 years, with 64 erupting permanent molars presenting active occlusal enamel carious lesions (as assessed by the International Caries Detection and Assessment System [ICDAS]; scores 1-3). The sample was randomly assigned into two treatment groups: 1) resin-modified glass ionomer cement sealant (Clinpro XT Varnish; 3M ESPE) and 2) 4-week topical fluoride varnish application (Duraphat; Colgate). All children and parents received oral hygiene and dietary instructions. Teeth were evaluated at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months regarding the eruption stage, biofilm accumulation, as well as severity and activity of the carious lesions. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the survival estimates for inactivation of the carious lesions for both treatment groups. Multivariate Cox regression models with shared frailty were performed to identify factors associated with the outcome (p < 0.05). After 12 months, 22% and 3% of the lesions treated with topical fluoride varnish and sealant, respectively remained active. The adjusted model demonstrated that younger children had a higher probability of active enamel carious lesions arresting (hazard ratio [HR] 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22-0.78; p=0.01). However, the probability of active enamel carious lesions arresting after sealant application was 8.85 times higher compared with fluoride varnish applications (p=0.01). Sealing is a more effective approach than fluoride varnish for arresting occlusal enamel carious lesions in erupting permanent molars.

Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Diode Laser and Clinpro XT Varnish for Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

ABSTRACTContext:Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is a very common dilemma and often results in temporary relief by the conventional treatment method. An in vivo comparative study of various methods and materials helps in evaluation of a superior method to provide a long-lasting relief.Aim:The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of diode laser (DL) and Clinpro XT Varnish for managing DH.Materials and Methods:This study was a randomized, single-blinded, clinical trial, designed, adhering to the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) Guidelines using DL and fluoride-based varnish for managing DH. A total of 40 teeth were selected from eight patients and randomly divided into two groups. All patients received tactile and air syringe stimulus to assess for DH and a visual analog scale (VAS) was used to obtain readings at baseline, 15min, 1 week, and 3 weeks, posttreatment. Student’s t test was used, paired t test was for the intragroups, and unpaired t test was for intergroups.Results:This study showed that the effect of DL and Clinpro XT Varnish results in a significant decrease of DH. However, success decreased gradually over time.Conclusion:Clinpro XT Varnish presented superior immediate effect and DL effect tends to become better with time. Hence, both had good results in the end.

Primary prevention of the main dental diseases in children at different stages of orthodontic treatment with bracket systems

Aim. Evaluation of the effective preventive methods of dental caries in children with dentoalveolar anomalies. Methods. Orthodontic treatment was received by 50 children aged 12-14 years with dentoalveolar anomalies who were treated by an orthodontist using ligature bracket and who had a compensated form of dental caries before the beginning of the hardware treatment. In the first group of children (control, 25 subjects) professional oral hygiene twice a year was followed by the coating of all teeth with fluoride. Children of the second group (25 subjects) after professional oral hygiene twice a year had their teeth covered with tooth enamel around brackets with Clinpro XT Varnish (3M ESPE) material containing fluorine, calcium and phosphate compounds. Dental examination every three months included assessment of oral hygiene and the state of the gums, the presence of carious defects, fillings and removed teeth, followed by the calculation of the main dental indices. Results. On the basis of studies of the dental status in children undergoing orthodontic treatment using brackets, the main dental indices such as DCF (decay/missing/filled), complex periodontal index, papillary-marginal-alveolar index were characterized at the stages of treatment. The analysis of the recorded values was performed in the comparison groups for each research method and the main statistically significant differences were identified. The study revealed that children from group 2 had positive dynamics of the state of periodontium within 18 months: the value of papillary-marginal-alveolar index among children from group 2 decreased by 5.4 times, the value of complex periodontal index decreased by 3.5 times. Children from group 2 had a significantly lower incidence of caries compared to the control group after 18 months of remineralizing therapy: the increase of complex periodontal index among children receiving orthodontic treatment with Clinpro XT Varnish coverage twice a year was only 1.42±0.16, incidence of caries of teeth surface reduced by 55%. Conclusion. On the basis of these studies, a comparative characteristics of the dental indices was performed at the stages of treatment using the brackets, depending on the used primary preventive measures; dental status of children at the stages of orthodontic treatment have their features: special oral hygiene tools should be guided by hygiene indices and complemented by remineralizing drugs.

Effect of in-office desensitizers containing calcium and phosphate on dentin permeability and tubule occlusion

ObjectivesTo evaluate the performance of calcium/phosphate desensitizing agents when used for dentin permeability and tubule occlusion. Methods1 mm-thick dentin specimens were immersed in 17% EDTA solution and allocated into 7 groups: 1. Clinpro White Varnish, 2. Clinpro XT Varnish, 3. Teethmate Desensitizer, 4. Desensibilize Nano P, 5. Nupro prophylaxis paste, 6. Duraphat (reference product), and 7. Control (no treatment). After treatment, specimens were submitted to erosion-abrasion cycling for 5 days. Dentin permeability was assessed by hydraulic conductance (n = 10) and environmental scanning electron microscopy ESEM (n = 8) post-EDTA, post- treatment and post-cycling. The percentage of permeability (%Lp) was calculated post-treatment and post-cycling. ImageJ software was used to obtain the number of open dentin tubules (ODT) in the micrographs. Data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). ResultsPost-treatment, the %Lp values of all treatments were significantly lower than the control, with Nupro presenting higher %Lp values than Duraphat. All the groups presented significantly lower %Lp values in the post-treatment in comparison with the post-cycling period, except the control. Post-treatment, all groups showed lower numbers of ODTs than the control, except Nupro. Clinpro WV, Clinpro XT, Duraphat and Nano P presented the best results. Post-cycling, there was no significant difference among groups. Clinpro WV and Duraphat presented lower numbers of ODTs post-treatment than they had post-cycling, and the control had a higher number of ODTs post-treatment than they had post-cycling. ConclusionsMost treatments were efficient in reducing both dentin permeability and number of ODTs after treatment; however, none of the products were able to resist the erosive-abrasive challenges.

Bioactive glass ceramic can improve the bond strength of sealant/enamel?

Evaluate the influence of enamel pre-treatment using Biosilicate, associated or not to other treatments; on the bond strength (BS) of pit-and-fissure sealant, with or without saliva contamination. Ninety slices (4mm × 4mm) were obtained from 30 bovine incisors. Each slice was embedded in acrylic resin with their buccal surface exposed and polished to obtain a flat enamel surface. Half of them were contaminated with human saliva. All specimens were randomly divided into five groups (n = 9) according to the surface pre-treatment tested: acid etching (AE); AE + Biosilicate (B); AE + B + total-etch adhesive (Ad); Biosilicate; control (no treatment). Then, a 1mm layer of sealant (Clinpro XT Varnish, 3M ESPE) was applied; and to provide support, a composite resin (Opallis, FGM) block was built up over it. Samples were thermocycled (500 cycles/5-55°C) and sectioned obtaining sticks (1 × 1 × 10mm) for microtensile BS testing (0.5mm/min). Data were analysed with two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni test, p < 0.05. Failure patterns were evaluated using a stereomicroscope. There was no difference among contaminated and non-contaminated groups, and between non-contaminated groups (p > 0.05). When contaminated, AE + B + Ad Group showed the highest BS values, differing (p < 0.05) from B Group and Control; similar between them (p > 0.05). Cohesive fractures were found in AE + B + Ad Group, submitted or not to contamination. Since a surface pre-treatment was used, whether Biosilicate was applied or not, the sealant/enamel BS was the same in saliva-contaminated or non-contaminated enamel.