Clinpro Tooth Research Articles

Comparative Toxicity Analysis of 3M ESPE Clinpro Tooth Crème and VOCO Profluorid Varnish in Artemia Nauplii and Zebrafish Larvae

Comparative Toxicity Analysis of 3M ESPE Clinpro Tooth Crème and VOCO Profluorid Varnish in Artemia Nauplii and Zebrafish Larvae

Estimation of the Efficacy of Remineralizing Agents on the Microhardness of Deciduous Teeth Demineralized Using Pediatric Formulations.

This study aimed to evaluate the demineralizing effect of commonly used pediatric syrup formulations on primary teeth and the efficacy of two readily available remineralizing agents in treating this effect. Ninety primary teeth were used for sample preparation and divided into three groups: antibiotic syrup (group A), cough syrup (group B), and control (group C) groups. These groups were further categorized into intragroups according to the treatment with remineralizing agents: groups A1, B1, and C1 received GC Tooth Mousse (casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, CPP-ACP paste) and groups A2, B2, and C2 received Clinpro Tooth Crème. The samples were subjected to a series of demineralization cycles for 14 days, and remineralization cycles until 30 days were performed using two remineralizing agents, that is, GC Tooth Mousse (CPP-ACP paste) and Clinpro Tooth Crème and were evaluated using Vicker's microhardness test. Antibiotic syrup (group A) and cough syrup (group B) showed a significant decrease in surface microhardness compared with control (group C). All intragroups showed an increase in surface microhardness after treatment with remineralizing agents, which was significantly higher in intragroups A1, B1, and C1 treated with GC Tooth Mousse (CPP-ACP paste). Oral liquid medications showed definite demineralization potential. CPP-ACP paste was found to be better than Clinpro Tooth Crème for demineralized teeth. The use of over-the-counter drugs has increased among the average Indian population, especially for the treatment of fever, cold, and cough. Unwise use of medications by the present population without proper medical guidance will lead to irreparable changes in future generations.

Evaluation of caries remineralization potential of toothpastes containing three remineralizing agents - calcium sucrose phosphate, β tricalcium phosphate and fluoro calcium phosphosilicate: An in vitro study

The “Minimally invasive” approach for caries incorporates detecting carious lesions in the incipient stage and treating those lesions using remineralizing agents, thus emphasizing prevention rather than the traditional method.Aim: To evaluate the remineralizing potential of three different tooth remineralizing agents (Calcium Sucrose Phosphate, Functionalised β Tricalcium Phosphate and Fluoro Calcium Phosphosilicate) on demineralized tooth surfaces using Vickers microhardness test and Atomic Force Microscopy.Materials and Methods: Thirty freshly extracted mandibular premolars were collected. The prepared enamel samples were assigned to three different groups with ten specimens each. The specimens were then demineralized using McInne’s demineralizing solution in two cycles. Remineralization was carried out for fifteen and thirty days in two cycles using Calcium Sucrose Phosphate (ENAFIX), Functionalised β Tricalcium Phosphate (Clinpro Tooth Crème), and Fluoro Calcium Phosphosilicate (ELSENZ) containing toothpastes for groups I, II, III respectively. The specimens were subjected to Vickers microhardness test and Atomic force microscopic evaluation post-demineralization and remineralization cycles. The results were tabulated and statistically analysed.Results: Study results showed that the three remineralizing agents tested increased Vicker’s hardness number values and decreased the surface roughness significantly in a span of 30 days. Their remineralisation potential was effective.Conclusion: β TriCalcium Phosphate (Clinpro tooth crème) has superior remineralizing efficacy compared to the other two remineralizing toothpastes.

INTERVENTIONS PRIOR AND DURING THE ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT FOR ORTHODONTICALLY INDUCED WHITE SPOT LESIONS

Objective. To evaluate the efficiency of various interven­tions performed before and during orthodontic treatment which aim to reduce the incidence of WSL. Materials and methods. Using PRISMA guidelines in search of clinical trials published between 2017 and 2022, a literature analysis was performed. This search was conducted using following Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms in 2 databases: “prevention and control” AND “Orthodontics” AND “Tooth Demineralization”. Supplementary, a manual search was conducted in Go­ogle Scholar. Results. The literature search resulted in a total of 3626 study articles, of which 8 publications were used in the present review, according to a selection based on the pre-established eligibility criteria. The review showed that F varnish, 10% Xylitol varnish had positive outcomes in comparison with placebo. 0.44% APF formulated daily oral rinse and nanosilver mouthwash were better than 0.2% NaF weekly rinse and CHX, F mouthwashes res­pectively. NovaMin toothpaste, MIPP and MIV, exami­ned in different studies, proved no significant difference over regular F toothpaste. MIV compared to ProSeal provided no statistically significant between-group diffe­rences as well. Clinpro 5000 provided superior protection against enamel decalcification when compared to Clinpro Tooth Creme and MI Paste. Conclusion. The white spot lesions have improved, re­gressed, or eliminated with topical agents including F, Xylitol, or CPP-ACP during the fixed orthodontic treat­ment. In order to determine the most effective therapeu­tic approach for the treatment of surface and subsurface demineralization of the enamel, more research is needed to provide scientific proof.

Effectiveness of Clinpro Tooth Crème in comparison with MI Varnish with RECALDENT™ for treatment of white spot lesions: a randomized controlled trial.

Unsightly opaque white impaired enamel may ruin a great aesthetic orthodontic outcome. This study aims to evaluate effectiveness of Clinpro Tooth Crème (0.21% w/w NaF anti-caries dentifrice with 950ppm fluoride and f-TCP) and MI Varnish with RECALDENT™ (CPP-ACP) for treatment of white spot lesions (WSLs). This was a randomized (1:1:1), single-blind, 3-armed, active-controlled, parallel-group trial. The study comprised three groups of 35 patients randomly assigned in blocks of 3 or 6 to one of the three following arms of the study- Group I: Clinpro™ Tooth Crème 0.21% Sodium Fluoride Anti-Cavity Paste with functional-Tri Calcium Phosphate(f-TCP) group. Group II: Fluoride varnish group (MI Varnish with RECALDENT™). Group III: Home-care group (control). For the subjective assessment, a blinded panel of 4 dental experts rated the improvement in WSLs over the eight weeks using a visual analog scale (VAS). In total, 240 WSLs were identified, with maxillary lateral incisors and canines showing the highest incidence. Group I achieved the highest success rate of 67.61 (%) followed by group II (60.59%). There were no significant differences between the success rates of treatment in groups I and II. A minimum decline in WSLs was found in the control group, with a success rate of only 32.43%, significantly less than the first two groups (P < .001). Both the test agents in consideration were comparable in their remineralization potential. Clinpro Tooth Crème provides additional protection against decalcification of enamel compared to MI Varnish with RECALDENT™ (CPP-ACP). TRIAL/PROJECT REGISTRATION NO. 4857/2017 on 21 June 2017.

Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Bioactive Glass, Tricalcium Phosphate, and Ozone Remineralizing Agents on Artificial Carious Lesion.

Objectives:Evaluation of efficacy of bioactive glass (BAG), tricalcium phosphate, and ozone remineralizing agents on artificial carious lesion.Materials and Methods:Freshly extracted 48 human premolar teeth were included for this in vitro study. Remineralization of demineralized teeth was done with respective remineralizing agents (Group A – calcium sodium phosphosilicate [BAG], Group B – tricalcium phosphate [Clinpro Tooth Crème], Group C – ozone remineralizing agents, and control group: Group D – deionized water) three times a day for 12 days for 4 min. The degree of demineralization and remineralization was evaluated with Vickers hardness number.Results:There was a decrease in microhardness from baseline to demineralization in all the groups. The difference in microhardness values from demineralization to remineralization in all the three test groups was found to be statistically highly significant.Conclusion:BAG and Tricalcium phosphate had higher remineralizing capacity, which can be used clinically to treat early carious lesions.

A comparative study of remineralizing efficiency of various remineralizing agents on artificially demineralized enamel surface – An in vitro study

Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate different remineralizing agents on demineralized enamel surface. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 enamel samples were divided into six groups of 20 samples each. Group A - Calcium sucrose phosphate (Enafix), Group B - CPP-ACPF Containing dentrifices (GC Tooth Mousse plus), Group C - NaF with tricalcium phosphate (Clinpro Tooth Creme), Group D - Xylitol (Squigle), Group E - Positive control, Group F - Negative control. Demineralization was carried out in group A,B,C,D,F. Remineralization was carried out in group A,B,C,D. Then these samples were placed in a universal incubator at 37c between each remineralizing cycle. After seven cycles of the remineralization process surface, microhardness was measured with Vicker's micro hardness test. Statistical Analysis: The mean and standard deviation of the microhardness of tooth samples were obtained for each group and compared using one-way ANOVA. The pair-wise comparison was carried out using a post hoc Tukey test. Results: The mean microhardness values in descending order: Positive control > Xylitol > CaSP > CPP?ACPF > NaF with tricalcium phosphate > negative control. Conclusion: All remineralizing agents showed improved surface remineralization. Xylitol showed the highest potential for remineralization followed by CaSP, CPP?ACPF, and NaF with tricalcium phosphate. Keywords : Xylitol, Calcium sucrose phosphate, Casein phosphopeptide, Amorphous calcium phosphate, Sodium fluoride, Tricalcium phosphate.

REMINERALIZATION POTENTIAL OF FUNCTIONALIZED TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE VERSUS CASEIN PHOSPHOPEPTIDE- AMORPHOUS CALCIUM PHOSPHATE IN CARIES WHITE SPOT LESIONS “A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL”

Aim: The current study was conducted to compare between reminerlization potential of tri-calcium phosphate plus fluoride versus casein-phosphopeptide/amorphous-calcium phosphate in caries white spot lesions. Methodology: white spot lesions in anterior teeth of post orthodontic patients received randomly two types of remineralizing agents, clinpro tooth creme or MI paste plus, both materials were applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions. White spot lesions were evaluated at base line one month ,3, 6 months follow up periods by two blinded assessors to assess patient satisfaction using VAS score and color change by Vita Easyhshade. Results: One-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey’s test showed that within each remineralizing agent, there was no statistically significant difference in L* mean values between different evaluation time periods. Independent Student-t test showed that at each evaluation time, there was no statistically significant difference in L* mean values between both remineralizing agents. Two-way ANOVA showed that the two independent variables “remineralizing agent” (P<0.004) and “evaluation time” (P<0.0001) had significant effect on patien. T6 revealed the significantly highest VAS mean values; followed by T3; then T0 and T1 which were statistically similar but at each evaluation time, there was no statistically significant difference in VAS mean values between both reminerailizing agents. Conclusions: 1. Both clinpro tooth creme and mi paste plus has acceptable reminerlaization potential and beneficial effect in masking white spot lesions 2. There is gradual increase in patient satisfaction up to 6 months but it did not reach to the maximum patient satisfaction in masking white spot lesions.

Evaluating the effect of Clinpro Tooth Crème on remineralization of pre-carious White Spot Lesions in anterior primary teeth: Randomized controlled clinical trial

New direction in dentistry has been developed to increase the minimal-invasive approach, especially in younger children. Therefore, needs has arise to find new techniques to replace the restorative and surgical treatments of dental caries with more conservative therapies. So that remineralization therapies has taken place in the last few years.

Preventing white spot lesions with fluoride pastes.

Design Randomised controlled trial.Study population Patients undergoing routine orthodontic treatment, aged 12 years and older, were randomly allocated to use either Clinpro 5000, Clinpro Tooth Crème or MI Paste Plus for 4 months.Data Analysis Three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse the Enamel Decalcification Index (EDI) scores of the maxillary and mandibular arches from the right first premolar to the left first premolar at 0.05 level of significance. Fisher-protected least significant difference intervals were used to compare mean EDI scores. Two operators scored photographs independently and their scores were compared by using the t-test; no statistically significant difference (P ≥.05) was found between the operators. Results of each product were analysed individually and amongst themselves. A multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regression was used to model factors predictive of EDI scores for individual teeth.Results Of the 120 subjects enrolled, 100 (35 using Clinpro 5000, 32 using Clinpro Tooth Crème, and 33 using MI Paste Plus) completed the study. The data lends support for Clinpro 5000 providing superior protection against enamel decalcification when compared to Clinpro Crème, and mixed support when compared to MI Paste Plus.Conclusions The use of Clinpro 5000, Clinpro Tooth Crème, and MI Paste Plus all have a reduction effect on white spot lesions when compared to studies reported previously. They found Clinpro 5000 to have a marginally better effect than the two other test pastes.

Carious lesion remineralizing potential of fluoride- and calcium-containing toothpastes: A laboratory study

BackgroundThe authors conducted a laboratory study to determine the carious lesion remineralization and fluoridation potential of fluoride (F)- and calcium-containing toothpastes. MethodsThe authors created early carious lesions in bovine enamel specimens and assigned them to 7 treatment groups on the basis of their surface Vickers microhardness: Clinpro Tooth Crème (Clinpro) (3M ESPE), CTx4 Gel 1100 (CTx4) (Oral Biotech), Enamelon Fluoride Toothpaste (Enamelon) (Premier Dental), MI Paste ONE (MI-One) (GC America), Crest Cavity Protection Toothpaste (Crest) (Procter & Gamble), and 2 F-dose controls (low F, high F). The authors pH cycled the specimens for 10 days by using an established model, determined changes in surface microhardness, calculated percentage of surface microhardness recovery (%SMHr; primary outcome variable), and measured enamel F uptake (EFU). The authors used a 1-way analysis of variance for data analysis. ResultsStudy results showed an F-dose response for both %SMHr (low-F control: mean, 9.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.7 to 13.8); Crest: mean, 26.2; CI, 21.8 to 30.6; high-F control: mean, 33.5; CI, 29.4 to 37.5) and EFU (low-F control: mean, 47; CI, 12 to 83; Crest: mean, 225; CI, 189 to 260; high-F control: mean, 307; CI, 271 to 342; all micrograms of F per cubic centimeter). For %SMHr, Clinpro (mean, 26.5; CI, 22.5 to 30.6) and CTx4 (mean, 27.3; CI, 23.1 to 31.5) were similar to Crest, all being superior to Enamelon (mean, 15.6; CI, 11.6 to 19.7), which was superior to MI-One (mean, 4.3; CI, 0.3 to 8.3). For EFU, there were no differences between Clinpro (mean, 189; CI, 153 to 224), CTx4 (mean, 177; CI, 142 to 213), Enamelon (mean, 196; CI, 161 to 232), and Crest, all being superior to MI-One (mean, 66; CI, 30 to 102). ConclusionsThis study’s results failed to show superior remineralizing efficacy of any of the toothpastes compared with those of a calcium-free F toothpaste, with 2 of the 4 toothpastes being inferior. Clinical testing will be required to establish conclusive evidence. Practical ImplicationsClinicians should be aware of the remineralizing potential of new anticaries products.

Effect of fluoride dentifrices on white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment: A randomized trial.

To determine the effect of Clinpro 5000, Clinpro Tooth Crème, and MI-Paste Plus on the formation of white spot lesions in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Three prospective groups with 40 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment in each group were evaluated (total recruitment = 120 subjects). The selected product was brushed on for 2 minutes twice daily for 4 months. Subjects were reviewed for 4 months on a monthly basis. The Enamel Decalcification Index (EDI) was used to determine the number of white spot lesions per surface at each visit. 100 subjects (35 using Clinpro 5000, 32 using Clinpro Tooth Crème, and 33 using MI Paste Plus) completed the study. The data lend strong support for Clinpro 5000 providing superior protection against enamel decalcification when compared to Clinpro Crème, and mixed support when compared to MI Paste Plus. The use of Clinpro 5000, Clinpro Crème, and MI paste Plus all have a reduction effect on white spot lesions when compared to studies reported previously. Clinpro 5000 has a marginally better effect than the two other test pastes. The results of this study can be used by clinicians when deciding the effectiveness of using fluoride dentifrice products to prevent white spot lesions in their orthodontic practice (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03440996).

Remineralization Potential of Calcium and Phosphate-based Agents and Their Effects on Bonding of Orthodontic Brackets.

To compare the remineralization potential of Clinpro Tooth Crème (CTC C, 3M Oral Care) containing functionalized tricalcium phosphate (fTCP), Tooth Mousse (TM, GC) containing casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and Tooth Mousse Plus (TMP, GC) containing casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride (CPP-ACPF) and their effects on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets to enamel. In Part I of the study, 51 premolars were divided into 3 groups: 1: fTCP; 2: CPP-ACP; 3: CPP-ACPF. Artificial carious lesions were created and immersed in remineralizing solution for 30 days. Specimens were evaluated using Knoop microhardness and transverse microradiography. The percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR), change in lesion depth (∆LD), and mineral loss (∆∆Z) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. In Part II of the study, 80 premolars were divided into 5 groups: A: brackets bonded to sound enamel; B: brackets bonded to demineralized enamel (DE); C-E: demineralized enamel immersed in remineralizing solution containing fTCP (group C), CPP-ACP (group D), or CPP-ACPF (group E) before bracket bonding. The SBS of half of the specimens were tested immediately, while the other half were tested after thermocycling. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. TMP showed significantly higher %SHR, ∆LD and ∆∆Z compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Both control and TMP had the highest SBSs and demineralized enamel the lowest, irrespective of thermocycling. No significant difference in SBS was found between TM and TMP after thermocycling. Tooth Mousse Plus achieved significant remineralization of artificial enamel carious lesions without adverse effect on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to remineralized enamel.

Efficacy of different remineralization agents on treating incipient enamel lesions of primary and permanent teeth.

Aims and Objectives:The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro efficacy of different remineralization (RM) agents on RM of artificial caries by evaluating the density, light reflection, and the crystal size of the newly formed mineral in primary and permanent teeth.Materials and Methods:Caries-free primary and permanent molars were divided into seven groups (n = 20) and treated with: G1 – Deionized water, G2 – Colgate Cavity Protection, G3 – Sensodyne Rapid Relief, G4 – GC MI Paste Plus, G5 – Clinpro Tooth Creme, G6 – Clinpro 5000, and G7 – Sensodyne Repair and Protect. Lesion depths were evaluated using laser fluorescence (DIAGNOdent), and polarized light microscopy (PLM), and the minerals were evaluated using X-ray diffractometry (XRD).Results:The highest decrease in laser fluorescence readings was observed in G6 for both primary and permanent teeth. No significant difference was observed between G2, G4, G5, and G6 in permanent teeth and G4 and G6 in primary teeth (P > 0.05). In PLM analyses, lesions depths were found to be lower in G6 compared to the other groups. No significant difference was observed between G2, G4, and G6 (P < 0.05). XRD evaluation showed that the newly formed mineral in G6 was denser and highly crystallized compared to the other groups.Conclusion:This in vitro study demonstrated that Clinpro 5000 is more efficient in remineralizing incipient enamel lesions compared to the other agents tested.

Observations of Enamel Microstructure in Incipient Lesions Remineralized by NaF Dentifrices

Synchrotron Radiation (SR) Wide-angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD) and Small-angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) techniques were used to assess microstructure of bovine enamel white-spot lesions (WSL) evaluated in a 10-day pH cycling model comprising three different dentifrice groups: (A) 0.21% NaF plus TCP (Clinpro Tooth Crème), (B) 1.1% NaF plus TCP (Clinpro 5000), or (C) 0% NaF (Tom’s of Maine) dentifrice. Each day consisted of four 2-minute treatments, one 4-hour acid challenge (pH=5.0), and immersion in artificial saliva (pH=7.0) between these events. These specimens were also examined with cross-sectional microhardness, digital light microscopy and FE-SEM (field emission scanning electron microscope), and demonstrated the remineralization model effected changes in subsurface microstructure. X-ray diffraction data from WAXD and SAXS were collected on enamel slab cross-sections extending from 0 μm to 150 μm, in 6 μm microbeam increments. A primary outcome of this observational study was that simultaneous WAXD and SAXS measurements were able to resolve significant differences (ANOVA, Student’s t-test, p&lt;0.05) between the effects of the two fluoridecontaining dentifrices on subsurface lesion microstructure. In particular, enamel lesions treated with 1.1% NaF dentifrice group manifested an abundance of nanometer-sized crystallites, while treatment with the 0.21% NaF dentifrice produced larger apatite-like crystals. While the presence of fluoride in both cases promoted regularity in crystal size and orientation, this was not observed for lesions treated without fluoride. Altogether, our observations demonstrate the pathological processes for remineralization are markedly influenced by the presence and concentration of fluoride, the microstructural characteristics of which can be distinguished using the simultaneous WAXD and SAXS technique.

Comparative evaluation of remineralizing potential of Fluoride using three different remineralizing protocols: An in vitro study.

Background:Remineralization of noncavitated enamel is dependent on the bioavailability of calcium, phosphate, and hydroxyl ions in saliva. However, it is enhanced by the presence of fluoride. This study compared the remineralizing potential of three different topical fluoride agents.Materials and Methods:Fifteen extracted premolars were selected for the study. The crown of each tooth was longitudinally sectioned buccolingually and mesiodistally using a diamond disc so as to obtain sixty specimens which were embedded in acrylic molds. The specimens were immersed in demineralizing solution for 3 days. The specimens were randomly assigned to four groups, namely Duraphat fluoride varnish, ReminPro paste, ClinPro Tooth Crème, and control group (no surface treatment). A pH cycling includes alternate demineralization and remineralization. Surface mean hardness (SMH) was recorded with 50 g load for 5 s using VHN machine at baseline, after demineralization and pH cycling. The four groups were compared for difference in SMH using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey–Kramer test. All testing was done with alpha 0.05.Results:SMH recovery results for ClinPro, Duraphat, and ReminPro were 54.88%, 43.42%, and 26.86%, respectively. The difference in the percentage SMH recovery for ClinPro paste was better than Duraphat and ReminPro, and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).Conclusions:ClinPro tooth Crème showed the best remineralization potential among the three materials tested followed by Duraphat and ReminPro.

Enhancing Fluoride Mediated Dentine Sensitivity Relief through Functionalised Tricalcium Phosphate Activity.

Background. To assess the clinical efficacy of a dentifrice containing fluoride and functionalised tricalcium phosphate (fTCP) in reducing dentine sensitivity. Methods. A 10-week parallel blind randomised control trial was conducted. Subjects were assigned to one of four groups and instructed to brush twice daily: A: Colgate Cavity Protection (1000 ppmF-MFP); B: Sensodyne Total Care (1000 ppmF-NaF + 19300 ppmK+-KNO3); C: Clinpro Tooth Crème (950 ppmF-NaF + fTCP); and D: Clinpro Tooth Crème (brushing + additional topical application). Seventy-one patients were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 10 weeks for cold, tactile, and hypertonic sensitivity using the NRS-11 pain rating scale. A combined modalities sensitivity score (CMS) was calculated. Results. At 6 weeks, patients reported the following reduction in CMS: A (20%); B (30%); C (42%); D (52%). At 10 weeks, patients reported the following reduction in CMS: A (18%), B (40%), C (24%), and D (54%). The only CMS comparisons to show a significant difference (P < 0.05) were between Groups A and D (6 and 10 weeks). Conclusions. Addition of fTCP to a dentifrice enhances the ability of dentifrice fluoride in reducing dentine sensitivity. Using Clinpro Tooth Crème twice daily for brushing can be as effective to reduce dentine sensitivity as twice daily brushing using Sensodyne Total Care. However, additional nightly topical application of fTCP, in addition to twice daily brushing, showed an enhanced reduction in dentine sensitivity.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF A REMINERALIZING AGENT ON BLEACHED TOOTH SURFACE: AN IN-VITRO STUDY

The aim of this study is to c ompare the effect of a new r e mineralizing agent on tooth surface befor e and after bleaching procedure. Freshly extracted intact human premolar teeth from patients extracted for orthodontic purposes were co llected. Enamel sections were prepared from surfac es of teeth using diamond cutting disc and slow speed hand piece under water cooling. Specimens were divided into 4 groups of 8 specimens each and subjected to surface treatment as follows: Group - 1 (Control - Intact tooth surface), Group - 2 (Bleached tooth surface), Group - 3 (Re mineralization before bleaching), Group - 4 (Bleaching followed by re mineralization). The re mineralizing agent used was 0.21 % S odium fluoride - tricalcium phosphate based cream (Clinpro tooth cream , 3M ESPE ) for 4 minutes. The bleachi ng agent used was 10 % C arbamide peroxide gel (Opalescence ) for a period of 8 - 10 hours. Enamel Specimens were examined under scanning electron microscopy - Energy Dispersive X - ray Analysis and data obtained was statistically analyzed. A significant differenc e was seen in both calcium and phosphate levels of all the four groups mainly between the samples of Gr ou p 2 [bleached ] and Gr ou p 4 [bl eaching + re mineralization ] . The de mineralizing effect of bleach ing on ename l surface can be reduced by surface treatme nt us ing a re mineralizing agent as toothpaste containing Beta tricalcium phosphate. The re mineralization effect is relatively greater when the re mineralizing agent is used after the bleaching procedure rather than before the procedure.

English

Synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SR micro-CT), considered superior to standard polychromatic micro-CT techniques, was used to assess the densities of bovine enamel white-spot lesions (WSL) treated in a 10-day pH cycling model with either: (A) Clinpro Tooth Cr&egrave;me (0.21% NaF plus TCP), (B) Clinpro 5000 (1.1% NaF plus TCP) or (C) Tom&rsquo;s of Maine (0% NaF) dentifrice. Each day consisted of four 2 min treatments, one 4 h acid challenge (pH=5.0), and immersion in artificial saliva (pH=7.0) between these events. After 10 days, WSL specimens were evaluated for lesion depth using confocal microscopy and lesion density using SR micro-CT with depths ranging from 2.76 to 113.16 &mu;m, in 2.76 &mu;m slice increments. Statistical analyses (Student&rsquo;s t-test) were performed at the 95% confidence level. SR micro-CT analyses revealed the NaF plus TCP dentifrices improved WSL densities relative to the fluoride-free toothpaste, and is consistent with an earlier study utilizing polychromatic micro-CT. In contrast to previous findings, SR micro-CT analyses also revealed significant differences in WSL densities treated with the two NaF dentifrices at enamel depths of 13.80, 16.56, and 19.32 &mu;m. These findings suggest SR micro-CT may be especially suited for detecting density differences in lesions sensitive to fluoride-driven remineralization processes. Key words: Toothpaste, synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography (SR micro-CT), density, remineralization, fluoride, monochromatized X-ray beams, X-ray linear attenuation coefficient (X-ray LAC).

Efficacy of two calcium phosphate pastes on the remineralization of artificial caries: a randomized controlled double-blind in situ study

To test the efficacy of two calcium phosphate pastes compared to that of fluoride toothpaste on remineralizing artificial caries in situ, this study had a double-blind crossover in situ design, involving three experimental phases of 14 days each, with an 8-day washout period between phases. Nine healthy subjects participated in the study. The subjects wore removable palatal appliances mounted with six human enamel slabs with artificial caries lesions, and in each of the experimental phases, used one of the following methods two times/day: group A, brushing with 1.0 g of Colgate Regular Flavor, followed by applying 0.25 g of Tooth Mousse Plus; group B, brushing with 0.25 g of Clinpro Tooth Crème; and group C, brushing with 1.0 g of Colgate Regular Flavor. After 14 days, the enamel slabs (54 slabs/group) were embedded in resin, sectioned and examined with a polarized-light microscope, and the lesion areas were quantified using Image-Pro Plus. All experimental groups showed a significant reduction in lesion area compared to the initial lesion area (paired t-test, P<0.001). The mean reduction in lesion area of Groups A, B and C were (0.029±0.010), (0.030±0.009) and (0.027±0.009) mm2, respectively. There were no statistical differences between groups (Kruskal–Wallis test, P>0.05). All three groups remineralized the enamel slab lesions, indicating model sensitivity to fluoride. Given the differences in usage amounts and treated regimens, Clinpro Tooth Crème provided similar benefits to the fluoride toothpaste; however, no additional benefit of Tooth Mousse Plus was observed when used in conjunction with the fluoride toothpaste.