Clinician Reports Research Articles

Collaboration between clinicians and vision-language models in radiology report generation.

Automated radiology report generation has the potential to improve patient care and reduce the workload of radiologists. However, the path toward real-world adoption has been stymied by the challenge of evaluating the clinical quality of artificial intelligence (AI)-generated reports. We build a state-of-the-art report generation system for chest radiographs, called Flamingo-CXR, and perform an expert evaluation of AI-generated reports by engaging a panel of board-certified radiologists. We observe a wide distribution of preferences across the panel and across clinical settings, with 56.1% of Flamingo-CXR intensive care reports evaluated to be preferable or equivalent to clinician reports, by half or more of the panel, rising to 77.7% for in/outpatient X-rays overall and to 94% for the subset of cases with no pertinent abnormal findings. Errors were observed in human-written reports and Flamingo-CXR reports, with 24.8% of in/outpatient cases containing clinically significant errors in both report types, 22.8% in Flamingo-CXR reports only and 14.0% in human reports only. For reports that contain errors we develop an assistive setting, a demonstration of clinician-AI collaboration for radiology report composition, indicating new possibilities for potential clinical utility.

Assessments, assumptions and ableism: examining court-ordered parenting capacity assessments of parents with intellectual disability and cognitive difficulties

ABSTRACT Background Parental intellectual disability is considered a risk factor for child removal internationally. In New South Wales, Australia, authorised clinicians are court appointed experts who assess parenting and cognitive capacity in child protection matters. Method This study examined a sample of 20 assessment orders requesting parenting capacity and cognitive capacity assessments and corresponding authorised clinician reports. Results Authorised clinicians were requested to assess whether parental intellectual disability and cognitive impairment posed the risk of harm to children. Clinicians assessed parents as either “able with support” or “unable” to provide adequate care to their child. Conclusion Our findings highlight the law’s conceptualisation of risk, parenting capacity, and cognitive impairment in binary terms (i.e., risk or no risk, able or unable), which in turn limits casework planning and clinicians’ framing of parents’ abilities. We provide recommendations to improve fair and equitable assessment processes for parents with cognitive difficulties, as well as access to timely and appropriate services.

Clinician-caregiver informant discrepancy is associated with sex, diagnosis age, and intervention use among autistic children.

In some cases, a clinician's perceptions of a child's autism-related behaviors are not the same as the child's caregiver's perceptions. Identifying how these discrepancies relate to the characteristics of the child is critical for ensuring that diagnosis procedures are unbiased and suitable for all children. This study examined whether discrepancies between clinician and caregiver reports of autism features related to the child's sex at birth. We also explored how the discrepancies related to the age at which the child received their autism diagnosis and how much intervention they received. We found that clinicians rated autism features higher than caregivers for boys and rated autism features lower than caregivers for girls. In addition, lower clinician relative to parent ratings was related to being diagnosed at an older age and receiving less intervention. These findings suggest that there is more to learn about the presentation of autism-related behaviors in girls. When caregiver and clinician ratings of autism features do not align, it may be important to consider caregivers' ratings to obtain a more accurate picture of the child's autism features and the support they may need.

Evaluation of health services and treatment alliance among extensively hospitalized patients due to severe self-harm – results from the Extreme Challenges project

Background Extensive psychiatric hospitalization due to repeated severe self-harm (SH), is a poorly researched area, but a challenge within health services (HS). Recent studies have demonstrated high levels of involuntary treatment among patients with severe personality disorder (PD) and complex comorbidity. Keeping focus on extensively hospitalized SH patients, this study aimed to investigate patients’ and clinicians’ evaluation of HS and treatment alliance. Method A cross-sectional study with an inpatient sample (age >18 years) with frequent (>5) or long (>4 weeks) psychiatric hospital admissions last year due to SH or SA recruited from 12 hospitals across health regions (N = 42). Evaluation included patient and clinician report. Results A minority of the patients (14%) were satisfied with HS before the current admission, 45% (patients) and 20% (clinicians) found the current admission helpful, and 46% (patients) and 14% (clinicians) worried about discharge. Treatment complaints were received in 38% of the cases. Outpatient mental HS were available after discharge for 68% and a majority of clinicians indicated satisfactory contact across HS. More intensive or specialized formats were unusual (structured outpatient treatment 35%, day treatment 21%, ambulatory services 32%, planned inpatient services 31%). Mutual problem understanding, aims, and confidence in therapists during the hospital stay were limited (patient-rated satisfactory mutual problem understanding: 39%, aims of stay: 50%, confidence: 50%). Patient and therapist alliance-ratings were in concordance for the majority. Conclusion The study highlights poor HS satisfaction, poor patient–therapist coherence, limited treatment alliance and limited follow-up in structured treatments addressing SH or intermediary supportive ambulatory/day/inpatient services.

A framework for assessment of adverse events occurring in psychedelic-assisted therapies.

Despite considerable research examining the efficacy of psychedelic-assisted therapies (PATs) for treating psychiatric disorders, assessment of adverse events (AEs) in PAT research has lagged. Current AE reporting standards in PAT trials are poorly calibrated to features of PAT that distinguish it from other treatments, leaving many potential AEs unassessed. A multidisciplinary working group of experts involved in PAT pooled formally and informally documented AEs observed through research experience and published literature. This information was integrated with (a) current standards and practices for AE reporting in pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy trials and (b) published findings documenting post-acute dosing impacts of psychedelics on subjective states, meaning, and psychosocial health variables, to produce a set of AE constructs important to evaluate in PAT as well as recommended methods and time frames for their assessment and monitoring. Correspondence between identified potential AEs and current standards for AE assessment was examined, including the extent of coverage of identified AE constructs by 25 existing measures used in relevant research. Fifty-four potential AE terms warranting systematized assessment in PAT were identified, defined, and categorized. Existing measures demonstrated substantial gaps in their coverage of identified AE constructs. Recommendations were developed for how to assess PAT AEs (including patient, clinician, and informant reports), and when to assess over preparation, dosing session, integration, and follow-up. Application of this framework is demonstrated in a preliminary assessment protocol (available in the supplement). This assessment framework addresses the need to capture post-acute dosing AEs in PAT, accounting for its pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy components, as well as documented impacts of psychedelics on worldviews and spirituality.

The Association of Gabapentin Initiation with Cognitive and Behavioral Changes in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Although gabapentin has been increasingly prescribed to older adults, the relation between gabapentin initiation and longer-term neurocognitive changes is not well understood. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association of gabapentin initiation with cognitive and motor function decline in older adult participants with cognitive impairment. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set (2005-March 2023). Participants with cognitive impairment at the visit of gabapentin initiation (i.e., index visit) were included. Using the incidence density sampling method, up to nine non-users were randomly selected for each initiator. Cognitive decline over 1 year was defined as any increase in Clinical Dementia Rating global score (CDR®GLOB) or a 1-point increase in CDR® sum of boxes (CDR®SB). Functional status decline over 1 year was defined as at least a 3-point increase in the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) sum or a 0.3-point increase of mean of FAQ. Motoric decline over 1 year was defined as new clinician reports of gait disorder, falls, and slowness. To mitigate confounding and selection bias, joint stabilized inverse probability of treatment weights and censoring weights were used. Analyses compared index with index+1 and index+2 visits. For the study of cognitive and functional status decline, we included 505 initiators (mean age [SD] 78.8 [7.4]; male = 45%) and 4545 non-users (79.2 [7.6]; 50.1%). For the study of motor decline, we included 353 initiators (78.3 [7.2]; 42.8%) and 3177 non-users (78.5 [7.4]; 48.1%). Gabapentin initiation was not statistically associated with decline on CDR®GLOB, CDR®SB, FAQ sum, or mean FAQ at the index+1 or index+2 visits. However, gabapentin initiation was significantly associated with increased odds of new falls at the index+2 visit (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 2.5 [1.3, 4.6]). Over 1 or 2 years of follow-up, gabapentin initiation was not associated with decline in cognitive or functional status but was associated with increased odds of falling among research participants with cognitive impairment.

The quality of clinician and student quality improvement reports: An analysis of 8 years of submissions

The quality of clinician and student quality improvement reports: An analysis of 8 years of submissions

Clinical and Research Perspectives on the Therapeutic Conversation: The Case of MS. M.

This paper presents a collaboration between a clinician (C.M.J.) and a research team (W.B., B.M., and S.M.) to address the question: At an operational level, what happens in the special form of conversation that is psychotherapy? How can we study, beyond a priori lenses of psychoanalytic models, what we are actually doing when we engage in this process? How can we capture from the linear flow of conversation, the simultaneous, complex, active, interwoven, dimensional emotion schemas that words can only point toward? To address the question, we first present the need for new approaches in the current climate within the clinical and research communities. Next, we address the challenges for clinicians and researchers by using multiple code theory and derived linguistic measures that offer an objective view of the processes of subjectivity. We then apply the research methods to the clinical data to illustrate the yield of the collaborative effort-a yield that captures the connection between the linear flow of words and the arousal, verbal expression, and reflection/integration of emotion schemas without the usual filters of psychoanalytic models of process and change. The project illustrates the critical value of clinicians' perspectives to guide researchers and encourages clinicians to participate in research to advance our field. For researchers, this project represents a "fourth generation" of process research that includes the criteria of video-recorded, transcribed data; the clinician's report of their experience; a theory of how emotion-laden meaning and motivations (emotion schemas) are expressed in the therapeutic conversation; and reliable, valid measures to capture and represent those processes; and that encourages researchers to access the rich contributions of clinicians' understanding. The implication for clinical practice is a new way to look beyond the lens of psychoanalytic models into what is actually unfolding in real time.

Integrating 4 Methods (In4M) to evaluate physical function in patients with cancer: Results of a comprehensive digital health study.

1564 Background: Physical function (PF) is a core outcome in cancer trials that can inform treatment tolerability. PF can be assessed across modalities including by patient (pt) report, clinician (clin) report, performance tests and digital sensors. The optimal approach for PF measurement has not been defined. Methods: In4M is a prospective observational study evaluating PF in pts initiating chemotherapy for breast cancer or lymphoma followed over 9 months. We used an electronic platform (Hugo) to aggregate serially assessed pt-reported PF, clin- and pt-reported ECOG performance status (PS), 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and wearable (Fitbit) data. We evaluated feasibility in all pts; associations among PF measures and the ability of PF measures to detect change were evaluated in pts with both baseline (BL) and 3-month (3M) data. We used Pearson correlations to assess the relationship of average daily steps with measures of PF. To assess change, we compared each PF measure from BL to 3M using a 2-sided α=.05 paired t-test. Results: Of the208 pts enrolled, 193 (93%) and 159 (76%) completed surveys, and 121 (58%) and 124 (60%) provided wearable data (evaluable: ≥1 day data) at BL and 3M, respectively. When requiring a stringent BL with 4+ days of data with ≥1 weekend day to be evaluable, 88 (42%) and 120 (58%) provided wearable data at BL and 3M. At both BL and 3M, pt-reported PF was generally more highly correlated with wearable-derived daily steps than clin-reported PF and 6MWT were (Table). Significant declines in PF were observed for pt- and clin-reported PF (all p<0.05), but not other modalities. Conclusions: Longitudinalassessment of multi-modal PF data including pragmatic wearable data collection was feasible in pts receiving chemotherapy. Pt-reported PF was the only modality that was both correlated with step count and able to detect change. Additional wearable metrics, correlations among PF measurements and outcomes, and clinically meaningful change scores will be reported. Optimal PF measurement may improve future reporting of treatment tolerability. Clinical trial information: NCT05214144 . [Table: see text]

Agreement and disagreement in pediatric functional neurological symptom disorders: Comparing patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) and clinician assessments

Youth with functional neurological symptom disorder (FNSD) often perceive themselves as having limited capabilities, which may not align with clinical evaluations. This study assessed the disparities between clinician evaluations and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) regarding pain, motor function, and learning difficulties in youth with FNSD. Sixty-two youths with FNSD participated in this study, all of whom reported experiencing pain, motor problems, and/or learning difficulties. Clinicians also assessed these domains, resulting in a two-by-two categorization matrix: (1) agreement: child and clinician report "problems"; (2) agreement: child and clinician report "no problems"; (3) disagreement: child reports "problems" while the clinician does not; and (4) disagreement: clinician reports "problems" while the child does not. Agreement/disagreement differences were analyzed. No significant differences in prevalence were observed between the evaluators regarding pain (clinician-85%, child-88%), motor (clinician-98%, child-95%), or learning problems (clinician-69%, child-61%). More than 80% of the children and clinicians report pain and motor disorders. Instances in which children and clinicians reported learning problems (40.3%) exceeded cases in which both reported no problems (9.6%) or only the child reported problems (20.9%). Overall, the agreement between pain and motor function assessments was high (>90%), whereas that concerning learning difficulties was moderate (49.9%). Disagreement in pain/motor assessments was minimal (<5%), whereas for learning difficulties, disagreement rates were high (>20%). In conclusion, a significant concordance exists between PROMs and clinician assessments of pain and motor problems. However, the higher frequency of disagreements regarding learning difficulties emphasizes the importance of incorporating patient and clinician evaluations in pediatric FNSD treatment.

Muscle Tension Dysphagia: An Expanded Investigation of Clinical Presentations and Swallowing Kinematics.

This study retrospectively examined patient-reported symptoms, quality of life, and swallowing kinematics in individuals with presumed muscle tension dysphagia (MTDg). Twenty-six individuals met the inclusion criteria. Data were gathered from patient-reported outcome measures (PROs), symptomology, clinician reports of palpation, and hyolaryngeal and hyoid movements measured on a 20-ml thin liquid bolus during videofluoroscopic swallowing studies. All PROs were outside of typical limits, except for the Voice Handicap Index-10. Mean hyoid excursion was 1.52 cm (SD = 0.46, range: 0.76-2.43), and hyolaryngeal excursion was 0.77 cm (SD = 0.44, range: -0.42-1.68). A minority of participants (4%-19%) demonstrated atypical hyoid and/or hyolaryngeal excursion compared to the available normative reference value sets. Individuals demonstrated abnormalities in the clinical evaluation of the areas of palpation and reported perilaryngeal discomfort and symptoms of laryngeal hyperresponsiveness, with a negative impact on their quality of life across various PROs. Atypical hyoid and/or hyolaryngeal excursion during swallowing was rare when compared to available normative reference values. The clinical evaluation of MTDg may be enhanced by including components related to muscle tension and laryngeal hyperresponsiveness in order to differentiate MTDg from idiopathic functional dysphagia and lead the patient to the otolaryngology/speech-language pathology clinic for intervention and management.

Abstract 6304: Seizure self-report and monitoring: Agreement between patient and clinician report and implications for care in patients with IDH-mutant and IDH-wild type gliomas

Abstract Primary brain tumor (PBT) patients commonly experience seizures, which can be measured and monitored by a variety of tools. Here, we explore the concordance between 2 tools and their use in reporting seizures over time among PBT patients enrolled in a natural history study (NCT02851706, PI: T. Armstrong). Patients complete the M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory - Brain Tumor (MDASI-BT), which measures symptom severity (including seizure) within the last 24 hours from 0-10; and, as part of the same visit, pairs of clinicians and patients complete the Seizure Control Composite Index (RANO-SCCI), which includes the questions ‘Have you ever had a seizure’ (RANO-SCCIQ1) and ‘Have you had a seizure since your last clinic visit’ (RANO-SCCIQ2). Responses to each measure are reported in aggregate and by IDH status. Participants included 89 patients with gliomas who were primarily white (84%) males (62%) with a median age of 48 years (range: 27-78) and KPS ≥ 90 (85%). Based on patient reports, 65% endorsed ever having a seizure (RANO-SCCIQ1), 17% had a recent seizure (RANO-SCCIQ2), and 12% had a seizure within the last 24 hours (MDASI-BT). For the RANO-SCCIQ1 data, patients and clinicians generally agreed except for 6 pairs (7%) where clinicians indicated a seizure but patients did not. Of the 59 who reported recent seizures (RANO-SCCIQ2), two pairs (3%) disagreed, with patients indicating a recent seizure but clinicians not endorsing a seizure had occurred. Good overall agreement (86%) was observed between the RANO-SCCIQ2 and MDASI-BT for both clinician and patient responses, with 3 and 2 paired disagreements respectively, in which seizures were indicated in the last 24 hours but not recorded as a recent seizure on the (RANO-SCCIQ2). Comparing clinician report of seizures in those with IDH-mutated (n=39) to IDH-wildtype (n=15) tumors, 85% (33/39) versus 47% (7/15) reported ever having a seizure and 7 of 33 (21%) with IDH-mutant and 1 of 7 (14%) with IDH-wild type (IDH-WT) tumors respectively reported a seizure since the last visit. Disparities in recognition of seizures between patient and clinician highlights a need for patient education to increase awareness of events and recognition of ongoing risk. Although those with IDH-mutated tumors are at higher risk of having seizures, nearly half of those with IDH-WT reported ever having seizures, underscoring the need for all patients to be educated on recognizing and assessing seizure symptoms. Citation Format: Hope Miller, Ewa Grajkowska, Alvina Acquaye-Mallory, Anna Choi, Jennifer Reyes, Mark R. Gilbert, Edward K. Avila, Terri S. Armstrong, Elizabeth Vera. Seizure self-report and monitoring: Agreement between patient and clinician report and implications for care in patients with IDH-mutant and IDH-wild type gliomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6304.

Tremor in cervical dystonia.

Cervical dystonia (CD) is the most common form of focal dystonia encountered in the clinic. Approximately one-third of CD patients have co-existing tremor in the head and hands. Assessment of tremor as regular or irregular in context of its oscillation trajectory, frequency, and amplitude is a major clinical challenge and can confound the diagnosis of CD. The misdiagnosis may lead to therapeutic failures, poor quality of life, and poor utilization of medical and financial resources. We analyzed the largest cohort of CD patients (n = 3117) available to date, collected from 37 movement disorder centers in North America, Europe, and Asia. We used machine learning to determine what clinical features from clinician reports predicted the presence of tremor as well as its regular or irregular appearance. Out of 3,117 CD patients, 1,367 had neck tremor. The neck tremor was interpreted as irregular in 1,022, regular in 345, and mixed (both irregular and regular) in 442. A feature importance analysis determined that greater severity of CD, longer disease duration, and older age, in descending order, predicted the presence of neck tremor. The probability of neck tremor was reduced if the dystonia affected other body parts in addition to the neck. We also found a significantly heightened risk for developing neck tremor in women. An additional feature importance analysis indicated that increased severity of dystonia affecting other body parts, severity of CD, and prolonged disease duration was associated with a lower likelihood of regular neck tremor while increased age predicted a higher likelihood. Machine learning recognized the most relevant clinical features that can predict concurrent neck tremor and its irregularity in a large multi-center dystonia cohort. These results may facilitate a more accurate description of neck tremor and improved care path in CD.

Abstract 7390: Learning Llama Agents for medical record analysis and standardization

Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study is to develop custom, open source, LLM enabled pipelines and agents for the extraction and standardization of data from free text medical records. Procedures: This project aims to create a versatile tool for healthcare data analysis, with initial development utilizing our extensive collection (over 10,000 documents) of renal cell carcinoma pathology reports. These reports are an ideal starting point as they cover over 20 years of care and consist of a racially and ethnically diverse cohort with over a quarter of patients being from traditionally underrepresented backgrounds. The jargon-abundant and highly technical nature of kidney cancer pathology represents a major challenge. We will accomplish this objective using an approach that balances the harnessing advanced AI capabilities with ensuring practicality and efficiency in real-world applications. First, we will leverage the capabilities of GPT-3.5/4 to generate a comprehensive labeled dataset (referred to as pseudo labels - machine-applied labels that will be used for training a newmodel) tailored for pathology, radiology, and clinician reports of kidney cancer patients. Second, we will harness the pseudo labeled datasets to train a smaller, open-source, yet highly efficient model for our specific needs (termed model distillation). LLAMA 2, known for its high performance in diverse tasks, is our model of choice. Its open-source nature and relatively modest computational requirements make it ideal for deployment within medical institutions. The ability to run locally ensures the protection of patient health information and reduces reliance on costlier, proprietary models. The rationale is threefold: first, to benefit from the superior performance and reasoning capabilities of GPT models; second, to create a streamlined model that is resource-efficient and tailored to our specific requirements; third, to enable the final streamlined model to be freely available by utilizing open source LLMs (e.g., Llama 2). To assess the feasibility of our methodology, we evaluated the ability of GPT-3.5 to label our data with high accuracy. Data Summary: Our pilot set of pathology reports consisted of 109 documents and 3 extraction fields: histology type, biopsy site, and biopsy procedure. Using GPT 3.5 we achieved an accuracy of over 95% in each extracted field type thereby demonstrating its ability to act as a proficient “teacher” model for our future open source “student” model. Conclusions: Our preliminary results suggest that current state of the art LLMs are highly proficient in extracting and standardizing information from clinical reports. Building out a full, open source, LLM enabled pipeline will increase the accuracy, flexibility, and efficiency of medical data extraction across institutions and lead to quicker and more informed decision-making in patient care and research. Citation Format: David Hein, Alana Christie, Hua Zhong, Ellen Araj, James Brugarolas, Lindsay Cowell, Payal Kapur, Andrew Jamieson. Learning Llama Agents for medical record analysis and standardization [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 7390.

Measuring the Effect of the Early assessment Team (MEET) for patients referred to outpatient mental health care: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BackgroundReferrals to specialised mental health care (such as community mental health centres; CMHC) have increased over the last two decades. Patients often have multifaceted problems, which cannot only be solved by such care. Resources are limited, and triaging is challenging. A novel method which approaches patients early and individually upon referral to a CMHC—possibly with a brief intervention—is an Early assessment Team (EaT). In an EaT, two therapists meet the patient early in the process and seek to solve the present problem, often involving community services, primary health care, etc.; attention is paid to symptoms and functional strife, rather than diagnoses. This is in contrast to treatment as usual (TAU), where the patient (after being on a waiting list) meets one therapist, who focuses on history and situation to assign a diagnosis and eventually start a longitudinal treatment. The aim of this study is to describe and compare EaT and TAU regarding such outcomes as work and social adjustment, mental health, quality of life, use of health services, and patient satisfaction. The primary outcome is a change in perceived function from baseline to 12-month follow-up, measured by the Work and Social Adjustment Scale.MethodPatients (18 years and above; n = 588) referred to outpatient health care at a CMHC are randomised to EaT or TAU. Measures (patient self-reports and clinician reports, patients’ records, and register data) are collected at baseline, after the first and last meeting, and at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 months after inclusion. Some participants will be invited to participate in qualitative interviews.Trial designThe study is a single-centre, non-blinded, RCT with two conditions involving a longitudinal and mixed design (quantitative and qualitative data).DiscussionThis study will examine an intervention designed to determine early on which patients will benefit from parallel or other measures than assessment and treatment in CMHC and whether these will facilitate their recovery. Findings may potentially contribute to the development of the organisation of mental health services.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05087446. Registered on 21 October 2021.

Clinical characteristics of treatment-seeking youth with misophonia.

Misophonia is a psychiatric condition characterized by strong emotional and/or behavioral responses to auditory stimuli, leading to distress and functional impairment. Despite previous attempts to define and categorize this condition, misophonia is not currently included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders or International Classification of Diseases. The lack of formal diagnostic consensus presents challenges for research aimed at assessing and treating this clinical presentation. The current study presents clinical characteristics of youth (N = 47) with misophonia in the largest treatment-seeking sample to date. We examined demographic characteristics of the sample, frequency of comorbid disorders, frequency of specific misophonia symptoms (i.e., triggers, emotionaland behavioral responses, and impairments), and caregiver-child symptom agreement. Misophonia symptoms were evaluated using a multimodal assessment including clinician, youth, and caregiver reports on empirically established misophonia measures, and concordance among measures was assessed. Youth seeking treatment for misophonia presented with marked misophonia symptoms and an array of comorbid conditions. Youth and caregivers identified various triggers of misophonia symptoms (e.g., chewing sounds, breathing sounds), as well as a wide range of emotional (e.g., anger, annoyance, disgust) and behavioral (e.g., aggression, avoidance) responses to triggers. Youth and caregivers exhibited high agreement on misophonia triggers but lower agreement on symptom severity and associated impairment. Compared to younger children (aged 8-13), older children (aged 14+) appeared to report symptom severity and associated impairment more reliably. Misophonia is a heterogenous and impairing clinical condition that warrants future investigation and evidence-based treatment development.

Clinician reports of the motivation to change and the therapeutic alliance in patients with anorexia nervosa: Countertransference as a mediator.

Clinician reports of the motivation to change and the therapeutic alliance in patients with anorexia nervosa: Countertransference as a mediator.

Validation of the AO Spine CROST (Clinician Reported Outcome Spine Trauma) in the clinical setting

PurposeTo evaluate feasibility, internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and prospective validity of AO Spine CROST (Clinician Reported Outcome Spine Trauma) in the clinical setting.MethodsPatients were included from four trauma centers. Two surgeons with substantial amount of experience in spine trauma care were included from each center. Two separate questionnaires were administered at baseline, 6-months and 1-year: one to surgeons (mainly CROST) and another to patients (AO Spine PROST—Patient Reported Outcome Spine Trauma). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze patient characteristics and feasibility, Cronbach’s α for internal consistency. Inter-rater reliability through exact agreement, Kappa statistics and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Prospective analysis, and relationships between CROST and PROST were explored through descriptive statistics and Spearman correlations.ResultsIn total, 92 patients were included. CROST showed excellent feasibility results. Internal consistency (α = 0.58–0.70) and reliability (ICC = 0.52 and 0.55) were moderate. Mean total scores between surgeons only differed 0.2–0.9 with exact agreement 48.9–57.6%. Exact agreement per CROST item showed good results (73.9–98.9%). Kappa statistics revealed moderate agreement for most CROST items. In the prospective analysis a trend was only seen when no concerns at all were expressed by the surgeon (CROST = 0), and moderate to strong positive Spearman correlations were found between CROST at baseline and the scores at follow-up (rs = 0.41–0.64). Comparing the CROST with PROST showed no specific association, nor any Spearman correlations (rs = −0.33–0.07).ConclusionsThe AO Spine CROST showed moderate validity in a true clinical setting including patients from the daily clinical practice.

A277 SYNOPTIC REPORTING IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic medical condition requiring regular clinical assessment and evaluation. Specialist involvement often occurs regularly to determine disease activity, progression, and consider therapeutic changes for disease control. The rapid advancement of scientific evidence and addition of novel medications have combined to make IBD care increasingly complex. Moreover, evolving standards of care have led to an increased burden of documentation. Synoptic reporting is a novel documentation method that standardizes the input of clinical data and generates comprehensive reports based on that data. It has yet to be widely accepted throughout medicine, but is commonly used in surgery and diagnostics. Advancements within IBD have amplified the need for meticulous reporting of patients' previous therapies and preventative health care: areas synoptic reporting excels in. Aims We analyzed for the presence of disease-related, treatment-based, and preventative health elements in consultation reports across standard of care and synoptic reporting methods. Methods We identified consecutive IBD consultations from Jan 1 2023 onwards for participating gastroenterologists, up to 10 reports for most clinicians, if available. Each report was labeled synoptic or standard reporting. Manual review was used to determine whether each element was present and coded in binary fashion, except for female reproductive health, which was absent, present, or N/A. For analysis, data was partitioned based on whether synoptic reporting was used, with the percentage of reports including each element being calculated based on this data. Comparisons for inclusion were then completed between the groups. Results We identified a total of 62 consultations with 19 utilizing synoptic reporting. Reporting methods fared similarly for age, sex, year of diagnosis, and summary of course. Synoptic reporting performed significantly better in reporting vaccinations, marijuana use, as well as B12, vitamin D, and ferritin levels. Differences exceeding 20% were found in the reporting of EIMs, CRC screening, and female reproductive health, though these were not at a level of statistical significance in this preliminary study. Conclusions We found through our analysis that synoptic reporting is a simple tool that creates reports with a greater inclusion of elements important for disease management and health maintenance. Relaying this information back to patients' practitioners can theoretically improve outcomes through better preventative care, active monitoring, and awareness of patients’ disease history by future consultants. Future research will focus on expanding the study population as well as gaining further insight into the utility of synoptic reporting in improving clinical communication and disease management. Funding Agencies None

Development and evaluation of a computerized algorithm for the interpretation of pulmonary function tests.

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are usually interpreted by clinicians using rule-based strategies and pattern recognition. The interpretation, however, has variabilities due to patient and interpreter errors. Most PFTs have recognizable patterns that can be categorized into specific physiological defects. In this study, we developed a computerized algorithm using the python package (pdfplumber) and validated against clinicians' interpretation. We downloaded PFT reports in the electronic medical record system that were in PDF format. We digitized the flow volume loop (FVL) and extracted numeric values from the reports. The algorithm used FEV1/FVC<0.7 for obstruction, TLC<80%pred for restriction and <80% or >120%pred for abnormal DLCO. The algorithm also used a small airway disease index (SADI) to quantify late expiratory flattening of the FVL to assess small airway dysfunction. We devised keywords for the python Natural Language Processing (NLP) package (spaCy) to identify obstruction, restriction, abnormal DLCO and small airway dysfunction in the reports. The algorithm was compared to clinicians' interpretation in 6,889 PFTs done between March 1st, 2018, and September 30th, 2020. The agreement rates (Cohen's kappa) for obstruction, restriction and abnormal DLCO were 94.4% (0.868), 99.0% (0.979) and 87.9% (0.750) respectively. In 4,711 PFTs with FEV1/FVC≥0.7, the algorithm identified 190 tests with SADI < lower limit of normal (LLN), suggesting small airway dysfunction. Of these, the clinicians (67.9%) also flagged 129 tests. When SADI was ≥ LLN, no clinician's reports indicated small airway dysfunction. Our results showed the computerized algorithm agreed with clinicians' interpretation in approximately 90% of the tests and provided a sensitive objective measure for assessing small airway dysfunction. The algorithm can improve efficiency and consistency and decrease human errors in PFT interpretation. The computerized algorithm works directly on PFT reports in PDF format and can be adapted to incorporate a different interpretation strategy and platform.