Clinical Test Of Sensory Interaction For Balance Research Articles

Comparison of Effects of Balance Training Exercise and Gaze Stability Exercises on Balance and Postural Control in Elderly With Fall Risk: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Aim To compare the changes in outcomes of balance and postural control after balance training exercise and gaze stability exercise in the elderly population with fall risk. Methods After the screening process, 44 subjects were randomized into three groups: Experimental Group A (Balance training exercises, BTE); Experimental Group B (Gaze stability exercises, GSE), and Control Group C (Fall prevention education only). The outcome measures were center of pressure (COP) range, COP sway, reaction time, proprioception, static balance, Clinical Test for Sensory Interaction in Balance (CTSIB), and Short Falls Efficacy Scale (SFES). The pre and post-data were recorded at baseline and after 8 weeks. The normality of the distribution was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Demographic data and baseline measures were compared using one-way ANOVA considering group as between factor and mixed model ANOVA was used to find out the group effect and time effect and time × group interaction effect. Statistical significance was indicated if p ≤ 0.05. Results GSE had significant changes only in CTSIB 4 whereas BTE had significant changes in CTSIB 4, 5, and 6. COP range showed a significant time effect in the front direction (p = 0.02). For proprioception, there was a significant time effect in the left (p = 0.018) and right direction (p = 0.005), whereas changes in front and back directions were found to be insignificant. SFES showed a significant time effect (p < 0.001), group effect (p = 0.21), and time × group interaction effect (p < 0.001). Conclusion Balance training exercises may be a more effective form of intervention to improve balance and postural control in the elderly population.

THE SHORT TERM AND LONG TERM OUTCOMES OF MOTIVATING FACTORS FOR EXERCISE IN GERIATRIC PEOPLE - A CASE STUDY

The purpose of this study is to discuss various treatment strategies used in a patient belonging to the geriatric population, to keep them motivated and engaged in exercises, thereby helping them to improve their performance in activities of daily living and their social participation. This is a case report of 85year old female with several medical problems. Apart from using traditional methods commonly used in the geriatric population, motivating treatment strategies like Task oriented Activities,treadmill training, recreational activities, reformer pilates training and effective communication skills were used.These factors have shown superior results as compared to traditional exercises in long term rehabilitation.After 6 weeks of therapy,there was improvement in One Leg Stance Time, Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction in Balance (CTSIB) and walking speed.Her balance improved and her fear of falling decreased.Thus we conclude that if we use effective treatment strategies targeting the functional activities, which keeps the patient engaged and motivated,then a long term effective exercise program can be designed for an elderly patient.

Clinical test of sensory interaction in balance (CTSIB): Concurrent validity study in healthy Indian children

The Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction for Balance (CTSIB) is an inexpensive, easily administered test, which provides information about the ability to stand upright under several sensory conditions. This study was intended to find the Concurrent Validity in Healthy Indian Children aged 7–12 yr using a force plate. This study included 48 normal children between the ages of 7–12 yr. The children were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria. The CTSIB score on therapist’s observation was compared with force plate measures to find concurrent validity. The Concurrent Validity for the CTSIB was calculated using Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient. The “r” value for concurrent validity was 0.681 and 0.799 with force plate measures, showing good correlation. One-way analysis of variance was done to see the difference between age group (7–8,9–10,11–12) and CTSIB using post hoc Tukey analysis. This revealed a significant difference between groups aged 7–8 and 11–12, with P = 0.006, and between 9–10 and 11–12 with P = 0.03. From this study, we conclude that the CTSIB is a valid test for balance evaluation in Indian children.

Vestibulo-ocular response and balance control in children and young adults with mild-to-moderate intellectual and developmental disability: A pilot study

The vestibulo-ocular response (VOR) may not be fully developed in children with an intellectual and developmental disability (IDD). This study aimed to identify the presence of VOR deficit in children and young adults with unspecified mild-to-moderate intellectual and developmental disability and its effect on balance control. Twenty-one children and young adults with IDD ranging in age from 8 to 22 years (mean 17.5 ± 3.9 years) were included in the study. The VOR was evaluated with the Head Impulse Test and the Static and Dynamic Visual Acuity Test (S&D-VAT). Postural stability was measured in an upright standing position by the Clinical Test for Sensory Interaction in Balance (CTSIB), single leg stance (SLS) during eyes open and eyes closed, and Romberg stance under eyes open and eyes closed conditions using a force platform. Reduced vestibulo-ocular responses were found in 13 of 21 (62%) participants who were able to complete testing. In the fifth condition of the CTSIB (standing on foam with eyes closed), those without VOR deficit were able to maintain balance longer than those with VOR deficit (29 s [median 30] vs. 12s [median 7.3], respectively; p=0.03). The study demonstrates potential effects of VOR deficit in children and young adults with IDD and some significant differences in balance control between those with and without a VOR deficit. VOR function in children and young adults with IDD should be routinely tested to enable early detection of deficits.

Vestibular and Motor Contributions to Mobility: Limitations of Seniors Awaiting Discharge from Hospital Care

Following hospitalization, seniors are at risk of impaired mobility and increased risk of falling, which can lead to injuries and re-admission. The primary purpose of this paper was to evaluate the ability of hospitalized seniors to use vestibular inputs for balance control. The secondary purpose was to examine the influence of vestibular function and lower limb muscle strength on mobility. Experimental and correlation designs were used. Patients (aged 65-90 years), preparing for discharge from an inpatient geriatric rehabilitation unit, were recruited. Vestibular control of standing balance was measured using the Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction for Balance (CTSIB). Mobility was measured with the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test. Lower limb muscle maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) strength was tested with portable dynamometry. Wilcoxon signed rank test, with alpha adjusted for multiple comparisons (p ≤ 0.017), was used to compare relevant components of the CTSIB. Stepwise regression was used to assess the influence of vestibular impairment on TUG score. CTSIB(Test6) (median = 7.1 seconds, range = 0.0-30.0) was less than CTSIB(Test1) (30.0 seconds, 30.0-30.0) and CTSIB(Test4) (30.0 seconds, 10.5-30.0) (W = 136, p < 0.017). MVIC scores (Nm·kg⁻¹, mean ± SD) included hip abduction 0.38 ± 0.2, hip flexion 0.32 ± 0.1, hip extension 0.44 ± 0.2, knee flexion 0.31 ± 0.1, knee extension 0.33 ± 0.2, ankle dorsiflexion 0.12 ± 0.1 and ankle plantarflexion 0.23 ± 0.1. Mean TUG score was 26.1 ± 6.0 seconds. Performance on CTSIB(Test6) explained 55% of the variance in TUG scores, whereas hip extension strength explained an additional 6%. Seniors awaiting discharge from hospital had impaired vestibular control of balance that was systematically associated with impaired mobility. Evaluating vestibular function prior to discharge from hospital could improve discharge planning with respect to management of impairments that threaten balance and safe mobility.

Postural Sway in Elderly Females During the Six Sensory Conditions of the Clinical Test for Sensory Interaction in Balance (CTSIB)

Department of Physical Therapy, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI (SAH: 1477 Haslett Rd, Williamston, MI 48895.)

Interrater Reliability of the Pediatric Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction for Balance

The interrater reliability of a new standing balance test, the pediatric version of the Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction for Balance (CTSIB), was examined. The CTSIB is a test that evaluates a ...