Clinical Enteritis Research Articles

Therapeutic and Prebiotic Effects of Five Different Native Starches on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Mice Model of Colonic Colitis.

The availability of studies related to the effects of natural macronutrients on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain relatively limited. This study investigates whether and to what extent the consumption of five different native starches alleviate the clinical symptoms and dysbiosis of gut microbiota associated with colitis. Using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mouse model of colitis, the potential effects of native potato starch (PS), pea starch (PEAS), corn starch (CS), Chinese yam starch (CYS), and red sorghum starch (RSS) on the clinical manifestations and dysbiosis of gut microbiota are studied. Compared to CS and RSS, the consumption of PEAS, PS, and CYS significantly diminishes clinical enteritis symptoms, including reduced disease activity index, and the alleviated degree of colonic histological damage. Furthermore, the analysis of gut microbiota reveals the significant prebiotic characteristics of PEAS, PS and CYS, as indicated by the maintenance of gut microbiota hemostasis and the inhibition of typically pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Helicobacter hepaticus. Starches from potato, pea, and Chinese yam alleviate colitis symptoms in a mouse model, and also show significant prebiotic characteristics. These findings suggest a cost-effective and convenient dietary strategy for the management of IBD.

Progress Towards Control of a Mycobacterial Pathogen, <i>Mycobacterium aviumsubsp</i>. <i>paratuberculosis</i>, the Causative Agent of Johne’s Disease in Cattle and Humans

Since the discovery that Mycobacterium aviumsubsp. paratuberculosis(Map) is the causative agent of Johne’s disease (JD) in cattle at the end of the nineteenth century, movement of livestock latently infected with Map has led to the spread of JD throughout the world. A new form of enteritis with clinical features of JD in cattle appeared in humans concurrent with the appearance of Map as a disease problem in livestock. The demonstration that Map is a zoonotic pathogen and the causative agent of the new form of enteritis in humans, however, wasn’t recognized until late in the twentieth century when methods were developed to detect the presence Map in tissues from patients with the new form of clinical enteritis. The objective of this short review is to provide a brief history explaining how Map has become a major disease problem in livestock and humans and then provide a review of the progress that has been made in treating patients with an enteritis caused by Map and the strategies underway to develop a vaccine to control infection in livestock.

Effects of glutamine and glutamate supplementation in dogs with hemorrhagic enteritis

This study evaluated the effect of glutamine and glutamate supplementation on hematological and biochemical biomarkers in dogs with clinical enteritis. Fifteen young dogs (3–10 months) with clinical enteritis were divided into two groups: group 1 (G-CON)—five animals subjected to medical treatment without supplementation and group 2 (G-GLN)—ten animals subjected to medical treatment and orally supplemented with 0.5 g/Kg per day of a glutamine and glutamate for 14 days. The following variables were measured: blood count, plasma glutamine and glutamate, total plasma protein (TPP), albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol, and triglycerides. Supplementation increased the concentrations of GLN, PPT, globulin, albumin, urea, and triglycerides (P < 0.05). Erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, red blood indices, and platelet count were not affected by supplementation. There were significant elevations in total white blood cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes (P < 0.05) after supplementation, but other variables were not significantly different. A mixture of Gln + Glu along with drug treatment was therefore capable of producing elevations in immune cells (leukocytes and lymphocytes) and biomarkers associated with improved protein metabolism and health that favor recovery of the animals without causing damage to renal and hepatic systems.

ENTERITE ASSOCIADA À INFECÇÃO POR CORONAVÍRUS EM POTROS PURO SANGUE INGLÊS EM UM HARAS NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

RESUMO Enterites são consideradas importantes causas de morbidade e mortalidade em potros neonatos. Dentre os agentes implicados, o coronavírus tem sido descrito como agente causador de enterocolite em equinos, podendo atuar como patógeno primário em potros jovens e imunocomprometidos. Este estudo relata doença entérica associada a coronavírus em 69 potros da raça Puro Sangue Inglês, criados em um haras no Município de Aceguá, RS. Os animais com idade entre 45 e 90 dias apresentavam diarreia, prostração e desidratação. A suspeita clínica do agente partiu da epidemiologia, descarte de causas não infecciosas, apresentação dos sinais clínicos, e exame de fezes negativo para agentes parasitários e bacterianos. A identificação do coronavírus foi realizada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura por contraste de fase nas amostras de fezes de seis potros que apresentavam quadro clínico de enterite.

Clinical effects of the recombinant feline interferon-omega on experimental parvovirus infection in beagle dogs.

The clinical effects of recombinant feline interferon-omega (rFeIFN-omega), produced in silkworm by recombinant baculovirus, were examined in 3-4 month-old beagle dogs given an experimental canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV-2) infection. Clinical symptoms, such as pyrexia, vomiting, anorexia and diarrhea, were observed on day 4 after oral inoculation of 10(7) TCID50 of CPV-2 (cc 238 strain) in almost all the inoculated dogs. From day 4, rFeIFN-omega (1 mega units/kg/day) or physiological saline was administered intravenously to infected dogs for 3 consecutive days. Seven out of 17 dogs treated with physiological saline showed hemorrhagic diarrhea and continuously expressed severe clinical enteritis; one dog died with a large amount of hemorrhagic rice-water stool on day 6 after viral exposure. In contrast, 4 out of 12 dogs treated with rFeIFN-omega showed severe clinical enteritis associated with intermittent diarrhea. Scoring of fecal condition revealed that treatment with rFeIFN-omega significantly shifted the enteritis from a severe to mild form. Furthermore, rFeIFN-omega administered in the morning decreased the number of dogs expressing clinical enteritis in the evening suggesting a rapid effect. Vomiting and anorexia were also improved by treatment with rFeIFN-omega. These results suggest that rFeIFN-omega can reduce severe enteritis caused by CPV-2 infection in dogs.

Isolation and identification of avian rotavirus from pheasant chicks with signs of clinical enteritis

Three rotaviruses were isolated from intestinal contents obtained from a flock of 6–8-day-old pheasant chicks showing diarrhoea and increased mortality. The isolates were characterized as avian group A rotavirus by immunoenzymatic technique (ELISA) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE).

Experimental Cryptosporidiosis in a Primate Model

Cryptosporidium causes a disease in infant macaques that is clinically, histologically, and microbiologically indistinguishable from that seen in young children. A reproducible experimental model of cryptosporidiosis has been developed in pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) and used to studied the infectious dose of oocysts and the effect of inoculum size on severity of disease. Inoculation with either 2 x 10(5) or 10 oocysts via nasogastric tube resulted in clinical enteritis and the fecal passage of large numbers of cryptosporidial oocysts in all four primates studied. The size of the inoculum had no apparent effect on the severity or duration of disease. Rechallenge 2 weeks after resolution of the primary infection demonstrated partial acquired immunity. The small inoculum size coupled with the passage of large numbers of oocysts contributes to the highly contagious nature of cryptosporidiosis among captive primates and may be relevant to the epidemiology and control of cryptosporidiosis in humans.

Electropherotypic Analysis of Rotaviruses Isolated from Turkeys

From 1980 to 1984, several flocks of turkeys in Minnesota exhibiting signs of clinical enteritis were examined for viruses. Electron microscopic (EM) examination of fecal specimens from 35 flocks revealed the presence of rotavirus particles. Rotaviruses were successfully isolated in cell cultures from only 24 of these positive fecal specimens. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) preparations made from these 24 cell-culture isolates and from the remaining 11 fecal samples that were rotavirus-positive on EM examination were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for genetic differences in their genomes. The study revealed eight distinct electropherotypes among the rotavirus dsRNA preparations. Atypical dsRNA migration patterns were recognized only in preparations of dsRNA from fecal materials.

Primary Isolation and Identification of Avian Rotaviruses from Turkeys Exhibiting Signs of Clinical Enteritis in a Continuous MA 104 Cell Line

Avian rotaviruses were isolated from turkeys with enteritis using MA 104 cell line. MA 104 cells were suitable for primary isolation and propagation of avian rotaviruses. Trypsin appeared essential for the enhancement of infectivity and the occurrence of cytopathic effect (CPE). Serum neutralization (SN), electron microscopy (EM), and analysis of genomic RNA were done to identify and confirm the identity of rotaviruses. Electrophoretic migration patterns of genomic RNA from avian rotaviruses were examined, and they were compared with those from mammalian rotaviruses. The migration patterns differed between these groups.