Clinic In Turkey Research Articles

Turkish adaptation of the antenatal risk questionnaire-revised: study of validity and reliability

ObjectiveThis study sought to translate the Antenatal Risk Questionnaire-Revised (ANRQ-R) into Turkish and evaluate its psychometric properties for assessing psychosocial vulnerabilities among Turkish-speaking pregnant women.MethodsThe ANRQ-R was translated into Turkish following standard linguistic adaptation procedures. Psychometric properties were then examined using a cross-sectional study design, involving 156 pregnant women recruited from antenatal clinics in Turkey. Participants completed the Turkish ANRQ-R and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Statistical analyses, including intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for test-retest reliability, Pearson correlation analysis for item-total test correlations, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis for diagnostic accuracy, were conducted.ResultsThe ANRQ-R Turkish version showed high test-retest reliability with an ICC of 0.888 for the total score. Moderate to good ICCs were obtained for individual Likert-type items (0.572–0.849). Criterion-related validity was established via moderate correlations with the EPDS and its anxiety subscale EPDS-3 A (r = 0.537 and r = 0.431, respectively). ROC analysis demonstrated good discriminatory power (Area Under the Curve = 0.75) with an optimal cut-off score of 17, yielding 78% sensitivity and 65% specificity for identifying potential depression cases.ConclusionsThis study provides preliminary evidence of the overall reliability of the Turkish version of the ANRQ-R as a measure of psychosocial risk among Turkish-speaking women during pregnancy. Despite some limitations in item-level internal consistency indicators, integration of the ANRQ-R into routine antenatal care could enhance early identification and intervention strategies, potentially improving maternal health outcomes. Future research should aim to further validate the scale across diverse populations and settings, using a diagnostic tool as the reference standard.

Development and psychometric testing of the Pediatric Atraumatic Care Attitude Scale (PACAS) in pediatric nurses

ObjectiveThe study aimed to develop and validate the Pediatric Atraumatic Care Attitude Scale (PACAS) for pediatric nurses, measuring attitudes toward atraumatic care practices. MethodsThis methodological and correlational study included 336 pediatric nurses from various clinics in Turkey, between January and August 2024. Construct validity was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Internal consistency was assessed through item-total score correlation, test-retest reliability, and Cronbach's α coefficients. ResultsThe content validity index (CVI) for PACAS items ranged from 0.84 to 1.00. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) coefficient was 0.978, and Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant (χ2 = 14,110.425, P < .001), supporting factor analysis. EFA revealed a two-factor structure with 31 items, explaining 76.7 % of the variance. The factors, “Knowledge and Awareness” and “Practice and Family Involvement,” had loadings between 0.716 and 0.901 and 0.751–0.962, respectively. CFA confirmed the model fit (χ2/df = 2.77, RMSEA = 0.073, NFI = 0.92, NNFI = 0.97, CFI = 0.94, GFI = 0.91). Cronbach's α was 0.985, with subscale coefficients of 0.978 and 0.983. Test-retest reliability showed strong correlations (r = 0.980, r = 0.985, r = 0.957), with no significant differences between test and retest scores (P > .05). ConclusionsPACAS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing pediatric nurses' attitudes toward atraumatic care, with the potential to enhance pediatric nursing practices by improving adherence to atraumatic care principles. Implications to practicePACAS helps integrate atraumatic care into nursing, enhancing pediatric care quality and outcomes.

Epilepsy knowledge scale for parents (EKS-P): Development and psychometric evaluation in Turkish sample

BackgroundEpilepsy is the most prevalent chronic neurological condition in childhood, affecting approximately 0.5%–1% of children worldwide. ObjectiveThis study aimed to (1) develop an “Epilepsy Knowledge Scale for Parents”, (2) evaluate the content validity of the scale, and (3) assess its psychometric properties. MethodsThis methodological study was conducted in a tertiary hospital's pediatric neurology outpatient clinic in Turkey. The study comprised two stages involving 500 parents of children with epilepsy. The first stage included validity and reliability analyses, while the second stage involved the calculation of the scale scoring. ResultsExploratory Factor Analysis for the preliminary scale development with 36 items based on expert opinions yielded 29 items and three dimensions. The factors explained 62.83% of the total variance, and the scale exhibited high reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.885). Confirmatory Factor Analysis, it was determined that the fit indices were at acceptable (CFI = 0.957, NFI = 0.932) or good level (χ2/df = 2.32, RMSEA = 0.048, GFI = 0.951). Consequently, a final structure comprising 29 items and three dimensions was obtained. The scale score's cutoff value was set at 15.50 points, with scores above this value indicating diagnostic value with 55.6% sensitivity and 80.2% specificity. ConclusionsThe study demonstrated that the “Epilepsy Knowledge Scale for Parents (EKS-P)”, designed to assess parents' knowledge of epilepsy, is a reliable and valid measurement tool for the Turkish population. Implications for practiceThis scale (EKS-P) developed for parents is recommended to be used in clinical settings and both experimental and non-experimental research.

What is the authentic underlying reason of childbirth worries in Turkish population?: An observational study.

This study aims to determine women's childbirth worries during antenatal. The research was carried out with 532 pregnant women in the antenatal clinic in Turkey as an observational study. Sociodemographic characteristics and scores of the Oxford Worries about Labor Scale of pregnant women were evaluated quantitatively. In addition, the answers given by the pregnant women to the open-ended question were themed. Although working status and receiving antenatal education reduce the fear of childbirth, birth scenes/stories on TV or social media, birth stories in the pregnant women's friends/family, being stressed in daily life, and dysmenorrhea increase the worries about childbirth (WaC). In addition, primiparas experience more WaC than multiparas. The reasons for WaC in pregnant women were classified as birth pain, artificial pain, cesarean section/receiving anesthesia, intervention/examination, pandemic, people's thoughts/experiences, birth process/insufficiency in birth, hospital/staff, fears about the baby, complications/death, and ignorance of the birth process. The results of this study reveal that WaC is a pivotal issue for pregnant women, for which managing the labor process, labor pain and labor fear is important. The stipulation of support for pregnant women is essential to enhance labor outcomes.

Examination of the Knowledge Levels of Family Medicine Residents in Turkey about Oral and Dental Health.

To measure the general oral and dental health knowledge level of family medicine residents who are receiving full-time specialty training in Turkey. Primary care physicians can contribute to improving the oral and dental health of patients during general health services. The fundamentals of oral and dental health that the family medicine physicians should know about were determined, and questionnaire items on these fundamentals were prepared. The sample size was calculated as 296 individuals. The survey was conducted online. The collected data were analysed employing the following tests: chi-squared, Fisher, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Spearman, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and Bonferroni. 302 family medicine residents in various clinics in Turkey participated in the study. The mean age of the participants was 29.6 ± 5.1. The mean knowledge scores of the resident physicians were calculated as 65.2 ± 10.9 (lowest: 27; highest: 92). The majority of resident physicians stated that they did not receive training on oral and dental health during their residency training, and that they agreed with the idea of integrating it into the residency training curriculum. The general knowledge level of family medicine residents in Turkey about oral and dental health was found to be moderate.

Paediatric nurses' perspectives on artificial intelligence applications: A cross-sectional study of concerns, literacy levels and attitudes.

This study aimed to explore the correlation between artificial intelligence (AI) literacy, AI anxiety and AI attitudes among paediatric nurses, as well as identify the influencing factors on paediatric nurses' AI attitudes. A descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional research. This study was conducted between January and February 2024 with 170 nurses actively working in paediatric clinics in Turkey. The data collection tools included the Nurse Information Form, the General Attitudes Towards Artificial Intelligence Scale (GAAIS), the Artificial Intelligence Literacy Scale (AILS) and the Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale (AIAS). To determine the associations between the variables, the data was analysed using IBM SPSS 28, which included linear regression and Pearson correlation analysis. The study indicated significant positive correlations between paediatric nurses' age and their AIAS scores (r = .226; p < .01) and significant negative correlations between paediatric nurses' age and their AILS (r = -.192; p < .05) and GAAIS scores (r = -.152; p < .05). The GAAIS was significantly predictive (p < .000) and accounted for 50% of the variation in AIAS and AILS scores. Paediatric nurses' attitudes towards AI significantly predicted AI literacy and AI anxiety. The relationship between the age of the paediatric nurses and the anxiety, AI literacy and attitudes towards AI was demonstrated. Healthcare and educational institutions should create customized training programs and awareness-raising activities for older nurses, as there are noticeable variations in the attitudes of paediatric nurses towards AI based on their age. Providing in-service AI training can help healthcare organizations improve paediatric nurses' attitudes towards AI, increase their AI literacy and reduce their anxiety. This training has the potential to impact their attitudes positively and reduce their anxiety. The study results were critically reported using STROBE criteria. No patient or public contribution.

Self-compassion and psychological mindedness in depressed Turkish adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury

ABSTRACT Objective Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a significant mental health issue among depressed adolescents. This study aimed to investigate roles of psychological mindedness (PM) and self-compassion among depressed Turkish adolescents with NSSI. The mediating roles of PM and self-compassion between depression severity and NSSI were evaluated. Method 119 depressed adolescents evaluated at a child psychiatry outpatient clinic in Turkey were categorised based on NSSI experience. Self-compassion and psychological mindedness scales (covering psychological interest, insight, help-seeking, and capacity for change subscales) were measured. Results PM and self-compassion scores were lower in depressed adolescents with NSSI than adolescents without NSSI. Psychological interest (Odds Ratio (OR): 0.886, Confidence Interval (CI): 0.788–0.996), capacity for change (OR: 0.902, CI: 0.815–0.998), and self-compassion (OR: 0.937, CI: 0.879–0.999) emerged as protective factors against NSSI. Also, significant indirect effects of PM and self-compassion were observed between depression severity and NSSI. Seeking psychological help related to both intrapersonal and interpersonal functions, whereas psychological interest specifically related to interpersonal functions. Conclusions PM and self-compassion appear as protective factors, with certain PM components linked to intrapersonal and interpersonal functions of NSSI. Thus, integrating interventions to boost PM and self-compassion into depression treatment strategies could be crucial.

FOLFOX as a therapeutic option in patients with hepatic failure due to liver metastasis of gastrointestinal (GI) system malignancies: A case series.

e16378 Background: The treatment options for patients with hepatic metastasis presenting with liver dysfunction, particularly those experiencing severe hyperbilirubinemia, are limited. The oxaliplatin and fluorouracil/folinic acid regimen, known as FOLFOX, stands out as a viable option based on its pharmacokinetics. However, clinical data regarding the specific dosage and tolerability of this regimen are limited, and clear recommendations are not currently available. Patients and Methods: Patients who presented with severe hyperbilirubinemia immediately after the diagnosis of GI adeno cancer, and who were not eligible for drainage options, were prospectively observed in our clinic in Turkey throughout the year 2023. Severe hyperbilirubinemia was defined as a bilirubin level &gt; 5mg/dL. The FOLFOX regimen was administered every two weeks, and the fluorouracil dose was initially reduced by 50% for the first two cycles. Subsequently, the dose was increased to the total amount if no toxicity occurred. Results: Six cases of GI cancer patients meeting the criteria were identified. Subsequent laboratory data for these six patients were collected after initiating the FOLFOX regimen. All six patients underwent the FOLFOX regimen with dose reduction for the first two cycles. Following the first cycle of chemotherapy, bilirubin levels dropped and normalized (Table 1), leading to an improvement in the patients' clinical condition. Conclusions: While our series is limited by a small number of patients, treatment with FOLFOX has proven to be feasible and may yield significant benefits in patients with severe liver dysfunction caused by GI cancer, especially when no further drainage options are available. [Table: see text]

Sarcopenia in older patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: an observational study from a single geriatric clinic in Turkey.

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), a classical triad of gait abnormality, cognitive disturbance, and urinary incontinence, increases in prevalence with aging. Sarcopenia is also characterized by low muscle strength and mass, contributing to gait difficulty. Gait abnormality and lower physical activity also lead to the development of sarcopenia. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and iNPH. A total of 327 participants were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. Demographic and clinical characteristics, including age, sex, comorbidity index, number of medications, recurrent falls in the last year, laboratory findings and comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) parameters were recorded. Sarcopenia was defined according to the EGWSOP2 criteria. The relationship between sarcopenia and iNPH was assessed with regression analysis. There were 51 participants with iNPH, 49% female, mean age 78years (SD 5.7) and 276 control participants, 74% female, mean age 72years (SD 6.1). The sarcopenia rates in patients with iNPH and controls were 19.6% and 2.5%, respectively (p < 0.01). The odds of probable sarcopenia were 3.89 times, and the slow gait speed was 8.47 times higher in iNPH patients than in controls after adjusting for age, sex, and the other confounders. The Mini-Mental State Examination score (p = 0.042, OR = 0.869 with 95% CI:0.759-0.995) was associated with probable sarcopenia among patients with iNPH. This study demonstrated that sarcopenia was common in older patients with iNPH, which seems to be closely associated with decreased muscle strength and slowed gait speed. Thus, considering the potential untoward effects of both diseases, it is important for physicians to evaluate sarcopenia routinely in the follow-up and treatment of older patients with iNPH.

Examining cognitive disengagement syndrome in a psychiatric outpatient sample: Psychometric support and associations with internalizing symptoms and sleep problems.

The internal (structural) and external validity of a self-report measure of cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS, formerly sluggish cognitive tempo) relative to a self-report measure of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-inattention (ADHD-IN) was evaluated with adults from university outpatient psychiatric clinics in Turkey. A total of 274 outpatients (75.9% women; ages 18-64 years; Mage = 31.06; SDage = 10.84; 50.4% anxiety disorders; 41.6% depressive disorders; 2.9% ADHD; 1.5% sleep disorders; 0.7% eating disorders; 2.9% no mental disorder) completed self-report measures of CDS, ADHD-IN, ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI), sleep problems, depression, and stress. All 15 CDS symptoms measured by the Adult Concentration Inventory (ACI) showed convergent (moderate to high loadings on the CDS factor) and discriminant (loading close to zero on the ADHD-IN factor) validity. CDS also showed stronger first-order and unique associations than ADHD-IN with sleep problems, depression, anxiety, and stress, whereas ADHD-IN showed stronger first-order and unique associations than CDS with ADHD-HI. This is the first study to provide support for the scores from this 15 item self-report measure of CDS by the ACI in a clinical sample of adults, with findings consistent with previous studies examining parent and teacher rating scale measures with the same 15 CDS symptoms. These findings provide additional support for usefulness of these 15 CDS symptoms as measured by the ACI to study CDS across various cultures.

Determinants of Smoking Cessation Outcomes and Reasons for Relapse in Patients Admitted to a Smoking Cessation Outpatient Clinic in Turkey.

The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of smoking cessation outcomes and reasons for relapse following smoking cessation treatment. Using a mixed-method design, 179 patients were recruited from the Smoking Cessation outpatient clinic of Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital between May 2016 and May 2017. Quantitative data were collected via questionnaires or from patient files and qualitative data were obtained via 5 focus group interviews with 28 patients who relapsed to smoking following treatment. The success rate of the smoking cessation clinic at the end of one year was 26%. The number of applications to the clinic was significantly higher in the group who quit smoking. Treatment success was found to be higher in the group that applied behavioral recommendations. In focus group interviews with patients who relapsed, the most common causes were stressful events, especially workplace problems and serious health problems experienced by relatives. The presence of smokers in the immediate vicinity increased the risk of relapse. It was concluded that not stopping treatment before the recommended period, continuity in follow-up appointments, support of the environment, support of pharmacotherapy with cognitive behavioral therapy and improving patients' coping skills were important.

Adherence to medical treatment for Wilson’s disease in children and adolescents: a cohort study from Turkey

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess medication adherence and demographic, clinical, and psychopathological parameters such as quality of life, depression, and anxiety levels that can affect pediatrics with Wilson’s Disease (WD).MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted at an outpatient clinic in Turkey among pediatric patients (2 to 18 years) with WD between November 2022 and April 2023. The Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-5) as a subjective and Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) as an objective assessment were scored. Physical, genetic and biochemical parameters, the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) for both parents and patients, Childhood Depression Inventory, State Trait Anxiety Inventory were also administered.ResultsA total of 30 pediatric outpatients who were prescribed D-penicillamine (n = 27) or trientine (n = 3) as chelators and zinc (n = 29) and pyridoxine (n = 19) as supplements were included. Proteinuria (n = 3), skin rash (n = 2), and gastrointestinal upset (n = 2) were observed. When the correlation between MARS-5 and duration of follow-up was examined, a significant negative correlation was found (p = 0.014). According to MPRs, non-adherence rates (missed doses ≥ 20%) were 29.6%, 17.2% and 5.3% for D-penicillamine, zinc and pyridoxine, respectively. PedsQL scores were higher than those of parents, with a positive correlation between them (p < 0.001). Also, there was a significant positive correlation between PedsQL and State Anxiety Inventory (p < 0.001). Comparing the change in urinary copper levels between different levels of treatment knowledge, significant differences were observed between high- and low levels (p = 0.043).ConclusionsOverall, nonadherence rates were 23.3% based on MARS-5 and 5.3–29.6% based on MPR. It is essential to consider factors such as the duration of follow-up, biochemical parameters, treatment knowledge, quality of life and anxiety as potential influencers of medication adherence.

A Perspective from an Occupational Medicine Clinic in Turkey: Which Work-related Diseases Do Older Workers Most Frequently Suffer From?

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the general health status and work-related diseases of older workers based on data from an occupational medicine outpatient clinic in a university hospital.&#x0D; &#x0D; Material and Methods: This descriptive study analyzed data of 526 workers aged 45-64 who visited the clinic between 2015-2020.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results: The median patient age was 48 (45-76). Of the patients, 48.1% were smokers, and 73.4% had a BMI of 25 and above. Most of the workers (79.3%) were employed in the industry sector, and none was in the agricultural sector. A total of 291 (55.3%) patients had at least one chronic disease. Of the workers, 328 (62.4%) were diagnosed with at least one work-related disease.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: The high rates of smoking and obesity found in this study highlight the need for health promotion activities in the workplace. Regular chronic disease follow-ups should be included in workplace health surveillance to ensure early detection and appropriate management. The absence of referrals from the agricultural sector underscores the need to improve access to occupational health services for older workers in this sector. It is essential to review workplace measures pertaining to work-related diseases to protect the health of older workers.

Evaluation of Current Professional Practices of Perfusionists: Survey Study

Introduction: Cardiac surgical procedures performed with extracorporeal circulation or perfusion techniques retain their importance in treating heart disease and often represent an alternative method.&#x0D; Objective: This survey aimed to identify and evaluate the current practice of perfusionists in cardiovascular surgery clinics in Turkey.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This study is a prospective and descriptive etiological study. Surveys regarding the current practices of perfusionists were created as part of the study. The created surveys were sent to perfusionists in Turkey voluntarily through the application "Google Forms", and the data were collected. The data obtained from the surveys were statistically analyzed.&#x0D; Results: In this study, 80 perfusionists from 28 centres participated in the survey. Thirty-four participants were under 30 years old, 12 were between 31 and 35 years old, 16 were between 36 and 40 years old, and 16 were over 40 years old. Of the participants, 46 were female and 34 were male. The study collected descriptive data, information on cardiac clinics, CPB practices, use of cardioplegia, and other assistive devices.&#x0D; Conclusion: There have been significant advances and changes in cardiac surgery surgeries performed with CPB over approximately 70 years from the past to the present. However, we believe that there are ongoing or pending issues.

Suicidal ideation and attempts among adolescents from a tertiary hospital in Turkey: A comparative study of pre and postpandemic periods.

This study aims to compare changes in rates of suicidal ideation (SI) and attempts (SA) among adolescents during pre, mid and later periods of the pandemic. This study included adolescents who presented to the adolescent medicine clinic in Turkey between March-May 2019 (prepandemic = T0), March-May 2021(mid period of the pandemic = T1) and March-May 2022 (late period year of the pandemic = T2). SI and SA data were assessed through the electronic hospital records of the "HEEADSSS" inventory. The charts of 2113 adolescents were evaluated. The rates of both SI (p = .015) and SA (p = .026) were determined to be higher during the pandemic (T1+T2) compared to the pre-pandemic period, with a 1.4-fold increase in SI and a 1.5-fold increase in SA. The rates of SI did not differ according to gender, (p = .090). In contrast, SA rate was significantly higher in females (7.3%) than males (3.6%) (p = .001). This study reveals an increase in SI and SA among adolescents during the first 2years of the pandemic. In challenging times, health professionals should prioritize the identification and treatment of mental health issues, including screening for depression and suicide risk.

The prevalence, risk factors and clinical implications of dehydration in older patients: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT Objectives Adequate hydration is essential for the maintenance of physiological functions. Older adults may not be able to maintain adequate hydration, which is often not recognized. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence, risk factors and clinical implications of dehydration in older adults. Methods This cross-sectional study included 964 older adults in one geriatric outpatient clinic in Turkey. Dehydration was defined as a calculated [1,86 × (Na+K)+1,15×glucose+urea +14] plasma osmolarity of ≥ 295 mOsm/L. Clinical characteristics and measures of comprehensive geriatric assessments of patients with dehydration and normohydration were compared. Predictors of dehydration were assessed using logistic regression analysis. Results Mean age was 79.9 ± 7.7 years, (71.7% female). The prevalence of dehydration was 31%. Female patients, diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic renal failure (CKD), a higher risk of falling (based on Timed Up and Go test), probable sarcopenia, dependence based on basic and instrumental daily living activities (BADL and IADL) were more common in the dehydrated group (p < 0.05). After adjusting for age and gender, dependency on BADL and IADL, the risk of falling were still higher in the dehydrated group (p < 0.05). There were significant relationships between dehydration and risk of falling (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.00–1.90; p < 0.05), after adjustment for age, gender, DM, CKD. Conclusion Dehydration is common among older adults and is associated with a dependency, probable sarcopenia, and an increased risk of falling. Screening for dehydration and taking preventive measures may be beneficial in avoiding the negative consequences associated with dehydration.

A Comparative Study of Women With Substance Use Disorder With and Without Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Complex Interaction Between Childhood Trauma, Empathy, Personality Traits, and Substance Use Severity.

Substance use disorders (SUDs) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) significantly coexist; thus, identifying potential related factors of both illnesses is important for advancing the prevention strategies. The goals of this study were to compare women with SUD with and without PTSD in terms of potentially related variables and to investigate if those factors are associated with SUD severity. Ninety-five participants (women) with SUD who had been admitted to the outpatient treatment clinic in Turkey were assessed with borderline personality questionnaire, childhood trauma questionnaire, addiction profile index, Levenson self-report psychopathy questionnaire, and basic empathy scale. Participants with PTSD had significantly higher severity of addiction, childhood trauma, borderline personality traits, secondary psychopathy scores, and affective empathy scores than participants without PTSD (P = .013, P = .012, P = .008, P = .031, P = .040). Our study suggested that comorbid PTSD and SUD resulted in more complicated presentation. It seems to be crucial for practitioners to screen PTSD symptoms in women with severe SUD and complicated clinical presentations.

Hospital classroom experiences of hospitalized school-age pediatric oncology patients: A qualitative study

PurposeIn this study, it was aimed to examine the hospital classroom experiences of school-age children who received treatment and care at a pediatric oncology-hematology clinic in Turkey. MethodsThe study was conducted using the in-depth interview method with the participation of 17 children who were hospitalized in the pediatric oncology-hematology clinic of a research and training hospital in the Ankara province of Turkey. The data were collected using a “Semi-Structured Interview Form”. The interviews started with the question “How do you perform the assignments given by your teacher while you are hospitalized?”, and the interviews were recorded as audio with the consent of the children and their parents. ResultsAs a result of the interviews, three main themes, (1) Learning, (2) Maintaining normalcy, and (3) Expectations, and 9 subthemes (teacher, continuation of learning, learning through play, feeling good, continuation of routines, peer interaction, communication with the school-teacher, basic sport activity, and tablet/internet access) were generated from the data. ConclusionsHospital classrooms had a significant role in increasing the children's adaptation to hospital conditions and ensuring the continuation of school/learning. Practice implicationsPediatric nurses can refer children with long and repeated hospitalizations (e.g., pediatric oncology patients and children with chronic diseases) to hospital classrooms. Thus, children can adapt more easily to the procedures performed in the hospital.

Economic and Structural Aspects of Companion Animal Clinics in Turkey Operated by Veterinarians Graduated from Istanbul University

Economic and Structural Aspects of Companion Animal Clinics in Turkey Operated by Veterinarians Graduated from Istanbul University

Sexual attitudes and sexual functions during pregnancy: A comparative study.

Sexuality is a multidimensional, not shallow, concept that involves the biological make-up and desires of women and men. It is a complex process that is shaped by the culture to which the individual belongs and the social conditions in which he/she lives. This descriptive and cross-sectional study aims to determine the sexual function status and sexual attitudes of Turkish and Syrian pregnant women who admitted to birth clinics in Turkey to investigate the relationship between pregnancy processes and some variables. This descriptive and cross-sectional study population (n:200) consisted of Turkish and Syrian pregnant women who met the research inclusion criteria, agreed to participate in the research and admitted to the Y City Education and Research Hospital in Turkey. In the study, the mean "Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI)" score of Turkish pregnant women was found to be (20.83±9.28), whereas the FSFI score of Syrian pregnant women was (16.28±11.45), Considering the Attitude Scale Towards Sexuality (ASTS), Turkish women score was found to be (123.77±45.35), in contrast the ASTS score of Syrian pregnant women was (94.74±43.69). Since sexual myths can have a negative impact on pregnant women's sexual functions, clinicians should be knowledgeable about sexuality and sexual myths. Regarding the limitations, first, the sample size was small. Second study results can only be generalized to this group. Last limitation, spouses of the women who participated in the study did not participate in the study. The study found that there is a difference in the sexual dysfunction and sexual attitudes of the women, depending on to be the refugee and socio-cultural structure.