Background The American Academy of Dermatology guidelines for treating mild to severe acne strongly recommend a combination of topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and/or topical or oral antibiotics. Topical clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/adapalene 0.15%/BPO 3.1% (CAB) gel is the only fixed-dose, triple-combination formulation approved for acne treatment. CAB showed superior efficacy to component dyads and vehicle, with good tolerability and safety in a phase 2 and two phase 3 clinical trials of participants with moderate to severe acne. Results from a second phase 2 trial of CAB gel comparing its efficacy/safety in a head-to-head trial versus commercially available adapalene 0.3%/BPO 2.5% (ADAP/BPO) gel are reported here. Methods In a phase 2, double-blind, 12-week clinical trial (NCT04892706), participants with moderate to severe acne aged ≥12 years were randomized (2:2:1:1) to once-daily CAB, ADAP/BPO, or 1 of 2 vehicle gels (combined for analysis). Co-primary endpoints included percentage of participants achieving treatment success (≥2-grade reduction from baseline in Evaluator’s Global Severity Score and clear/almost clear skin) and least squares (LS) mean absolute change from baseline in inflammatory and noninflammatory lesion counts at week 12. Secondary endpoints included LS mean percent change from baseline in lesion counts at week 12. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were also evaluated. Co-primary endpoints were further analyzed by subgroups defined by participant age (<18 or ≥18 years) and sex. Results A total of 686 participants aged 12-56 years were enrolled, of which 2 did not receive study drug. At week 12, significantly more participants achieved treatment success with CAB (51.3%) vs ADAP/BPO (32.9%) or vehicle (18.0%, P<0.001, both). Absolute mean reductions from baseline in lesion counts were significantly greater with CAB (inflammatory, 29.9; noninflammatory, 36.8) or ADAP/BPO (27.9; 34.4) vs vehicle (19.7; 22.7; P<0.001, all). Percent lesion reductions were >71% with CAB, >67% with ADAP/BPO, and ~50% with vehicle (P<0.001 vs vehicle, all). Treatment success rates and absolute lesion reductions in participants stratified by age and sex were in line with the overall population. TEAE rates with CAB and ADAP/BPO were similar, and most TEAEs were of mild or moderate severity. Conclusions Fixed-dose, triple-combination CAB gel was efficacious and well tolerated in participants with moderate to severe acne over 12 weeks, consistent with results from other CAB phase 2/3 clinical trials. In this head-to-head trial, CAB was statistically superior to ADAP/BPO gel with regard to treatment success at week 12 and was efficacious regardless of age and sex.

Effective management of acute wounds, particularly those caused by burns and trauma,remainsa significant clinical challenge. Conventional formulations, such as ointments, creams, and hydrogels, often face challenges related to stability, portability, and patient compliance. To address these limitations, we developed a novel bi-layered skin tablet system using direct compression for immediate application to topical wounds. The upper protective layercontainskonjac glucomannan as a gelling agent and oleic acid as a permeability enhancer. The lower therapeutic layer includes a synergistic combination of clindamycin hydrochloride (CLC), benzalkonium chloride (BKC), and recombinant human mitsugumin 53 (rhMG53), a membrane repair protein. rhMG53 was repurposed for acute wound healing at a reduced dosage tomaintaintherapeutic efficacy while improving cost efficiency. The formulation wasoptimizedto achieve controlled release of rhMG53 for wound repair and of CLC and BKC for antibacterial activity. The synergistic interaction between CLC and BKC (Index 1.2) enhanced broad-spectrum antibacterial efficacy. The prepared tablets underwentin-vitrotesting for hardness, swelling index, content uniformity, drug release, and stability. The rhMG53containingformulationdemonstratedconsistent drug loading (98.5%, RSD < 6%), prolonged release, and effective wound healing in cell-based tests. The tablet form improves portability, stability, and ease of application compared with conventional remedies.This bi-layered skin tablet systemrepresentsa promising therapeutic strategy for acute wound management, particularly in emergency and military settings where lightweight, ready-to-use treatments are critically needed.

Bacteroides species are significant anaerobes that cause intra-abdominal infections. Recent data highlight increasing resistance, specifically to clindamycin (CLDM). However, the precise epidemiology of Bacteroides fragilis and non-fragilis remains unclear. We retrospectively analyzed 528 obligate anaerobes that were isolated from blood cultures at 6 major Japanese hospitals between 2012 and 2022, with 102 B. fragilis and 72 non-B. fragilis isolates. Clinical characteristics and antimicrobial resistance were assessed. Drug resistance rates over time were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test. Compared with the B. fragilis group, non-B. fragilis group demonstrated higher resistance to CLDM (P = .006) and carbapenem (P = .005). Excluding deaths from underlying diseases, the 30-day mortality rate was higher in the non-B. fragilis group than in the B. fragilis group (P = .025). Risk factors in this group included carbapenem resistance (adjusted odds ratio = 7.05, P = .017). Notably, carbapenem (P = .014 vs P = .643) and tazobactam/piperacillin resistance rates (P = .012 vs P = .899) increased over time in the non-B. fragilis group, rather than the B. fragilis group. Non-B. fragilis shows increasing resistance to key antibiotics and is linked to higher 30-day mortality compared with B. fragilis.

Aim Given the chronic nature of acne, two 6-month studies were conducted to evaluate the long-term efficacy and tolerability of clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/adapalene 0.15%/benzoyl peroxide (BPO) 3.1% gel (CAB)—the only approved triple-combination acne topical—and its effects on scarring/dyspigmentation in participants with moderate to severe acne. Materials and methods Data were pooled from 2 identical, open-label, single-center studies conducted in participants (N = 50) aged ≥12 years with Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) score of 3/4. Endpoints included change from baseline in IGA score, inflammatory/noninflammatory lesions, skin appearance (dryness, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation [PIH], postinflammatory erythema [PIE]), and scarring. Adverse events and tolerability (itching, burning, redness, swelling) were assessed. Results At week 24, 67% of participants achieved treatment success, and significant reductions from baseline in inflammatory (88%) and noninflammatory (68%) lesions were observed (p < 0.001, both). Significant reductions in scarring (33%), investigator- and participant-assessed PIH (71%; 78%, respectively), and PIE (77%; 77%, respectively) were demonstrated (p < 0.001, all). Most participants (>70%) reported no tolerability issues throughout the studies. Seven adverse events occurred; 4 were related to CAB, and 3 led to study discontinuation (BPO allergy [n = 2], irritant contact dermatitis to BPO [n = 1]). Conclusions These findings suggest that CAB is an appropriate and effective topical option for the long-term treatment of acne vulgaris.

BackgroundGroup A Streptococcus (GAS) is highly contagious and can cause invasive infections including bacteremia, sepsis, and necrotizing fasciitis. Thus, it is important to limit transmission and treat infections promptly and appropriately. In 2019, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) listed resistant GAS as a concerning threat due to increasing rates of clindamycin (CLI) and erythromycin (ERY) resistance. The Wadsworth Center (WC) is one of 10 laboratories in the country funded to perform GAS surveillance through the Emerging Infections Program (EIP) and receives isolates of GAS from hospitals, laboratories, and local health departments. WC also receives isolates from healthcare-associated investigations. In the past 6 years, over 2,200 GAS isolates have been received, including isolates from over 100 outbreaks.MethodsThese isolates are analyzed using multiple methods for identification and characterization, including antimicrobial resistance (AR) and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is performed using the bioMérieux E-test gradient strip to assess increased resistance to CLI and ERY.ResultsTo date, WC has tested over 1,400 GAS isolates and identified CLI resistance in 130 isolates and ERY resistance in 230 isolates. Inducible clindamycin resistance (ICR) in GAS can develop when the pathogen is exposed to other antibiotics, such as ERY, and can result in treatment failure. To address this concern, the ICR test is currently under validation and will be used alongside the E-test when applicable. In addition to culture AST, isolates are sent for WGS and analyzed using an AR bioinformatic gene detection pipeline to screen for genes potentially leading to AR in strains circulating in New York State (NYS). To date, this method has identified over 400 samples containing one or more AR genes. Data analysis is underway to assess the relationship between the presence of AR genes and the correlation with phenotypic AST results.ConclusionThe surveillance testing performed at WC represents an extensive testing algorithm that can be used for the identification of trends in antimicrobial resistance in GAS. Data analysis may lead to the development of new assays to improve testing algorithms at WC and other public health laboratories.DisclosuresAll Authors: No reported disclosures

Introduction: Intraperitoneal administration of antibiotics is recommended for the treatment of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis. Antibiotics pre-added PD solution is commonly used for home-based treatment. Some antibiotics are recommended by ISPD for peritonitis treatment but does not have stability and compatibility data in different conditions yet. The current study was to investigate the stability and compatibility of such drugs. Methods: Levofloxacin, clindamycin phosphate, and fluconazole were tested in the study. Three different commercially available PD solutions were selected. Two were glucose-based (2.5%, Ca 1.25 mmol/L, lactate buffered) solutions, one with PVC package and the other with non-PVC package. The third solution was icodextrin (non-PVC package). The stability of the three antibiotics was tested in the three different dialysates at different temperatures (4°C and 25°C) for 6 h, 1 day, 2 days, and 7 days. At 37°C, the storage stability was tested only for 6 h. The test antibiotics concentrations were selected as ISPD recommended or based on published data. All conditions were repeated separately in three bags. The antibiotics concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results: For clindamycin phosphate and fluconazole, there was no significant change in final concentration over the 7 days study period at both 4°C and 25°C. At 37°C, there was also no difference in concentration for clindamycin phosphate and fluconazole. For levofloxacin, there was no significant change in concentration over 7 days at 4°C. The concentration of levofloxacin was slightly higher after storage at 25°C and 37°C, while the exact differences were less than 3%. We noticed small but significant difference in drug concentrations for different solutions. It was generally lower in icodextrin than in glucose-based solutions. The exact differences were less than 10%. The difference between icodextrin and glucose-based solutions was higher than the two glucose-based solutions with different container material (PVC vs. non-PVC). Conclusions: Levofloxacin, clindamycin phosphate, and fluconazole were stable and compatible with both glucose-based and icodextrin solutions. They might be stored for up to 7 days at room temperature (25°C). It is not suggested to store the dialysate for long time once warmed up to body temperature.

Antimicrobial resistance in the Bacteroides fragilis group: National multicenter survey and Bayesian modelling study, France, 2022-2023.

ABSTRACT Effective detection of environmental contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals, is crucial for minimising their long-term adverse ecological effects. Therefore, in this work, a cost-effective hollow iron oxide carbon paste electrode (HIO/CPE) was developed for ultrasensitive and selective detection of clindamycin (CLY) in real water samples. The electrochemical properties of HIO/CPE were characterised using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and linear sweep voltammetry. Different spectroscopic techniques, including X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, were used to characterise hollow iron oxide nanoparticles. The HIO/CPE demonstrated a three-fold increase in electroactive surface area (0.009 cm2) compared to the bare electrode (0.003 cm2). Under ideal circumstances, the sensor can detect and quantify CLY in acetate buffer solution at pH 5.6 with low limits of detection and quantification of 0.1 µM and 0.3 µM, respectively. It exhibits excellent conductivity, outstanding electrocatalytic activity, and sensitivity over a wide linear range of 15–260 μM. High sensor selectivity was proven when tested with potentially interfering substances. Additionally, the electrode successfully identified CLY in various water samples, confirmed the electrode’s practical applicability for field-based detection. Furthermore, the sensor generated showed remarkable long-term stability, repeatability, and reproducibility.

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a critical challenge to global health, necessitating novel strategies to enhance the efficacy of existing antibiotics. This study investigated the potential of combining zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with clindamycin to overcome bacterial resistance and improve treatment outcomes. Thus, the loading of clindamycin into ZnO nanoparticles was achieved using varying drug-to-nanocarrier ratios (1:20, 1:10, 1:5), and the formulations were characterized for loading efficiency, particle size, and zeta potential. As well as the antimicrobial assessment of zinc oxide nanoparticles, clindamycin drug and the drug loaded onto ZnO NPs was evaluated against resistant Gram-positive, Gram negative bacterial and one fungal species (Candida albicans). The results revealed a significant increase in drug loading efficiency with optimized nanoparticle formulations. Furthermore, in vitro release studies showed that ZnO NPs provided sustained drug release, offering a controlled and prolonged therapeutic effect. It was concluded that the combination of ZnO NPs and clindamycin demonstrates significant promise for addressing the challenges posed by AMR, indicated by lower the values of both MIC and MBC as well increasing the inhibition zone diameter, providing an innovative and efficient solution for the treatment of several infections, particularly those exhibiting drug resistance profile. The cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), clindamycin, and their nanocomposite was tested in human gingival fibroblasts. The CC50 values were 227.56 µg/mL for the nanocomposite, 154.91 µg/mL for clindamycin, and 106.46 µg/mL for ZnO NPs. Loading of clindamycin in ZnO NPs significantly enhanced its biocompatibility toward human gingival fibroblasts, indicating a safer drug delivery profile with potential synergistic effects. This nanocomposite holds promise for more effective bacterial treatment and overcoming antibiotic resistance. Moreover, this study presents a theoretical investigation into the adsorption of clindamycin (CLA) on ZnO NPs using advanced quantum mechanical methods. Two distinct configurations were identified, each with unique interaction modes and binding energies. Local Energy Decomposition (LED) analysis provided a chemically meaningful breakdown of binding interactions, highlighting the interplay between geometry preparation and interaction energies. The findings of the study offer valuable insights for optimizing nanoparticle-drug interactions, with potential applications in drug delivery and nanotechnology.

This study evaluated the efficacy of clindamycin hydrochloride and diminazene aceturate in treating canine babesiosis. A total of 12 canines diagnosed with babesiosis were included for the study which was presented to the Government Veterinary Polyclinic and Department of Veterinary Medicine, PGIVER, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India. The diagnosis was based on their history of tick infestation, distinctive clinical characteristics, hemato-biochemical tests and the blood smear staining technique (Giemsa staining). The dogs were categorized into two groups as group 1 and 2 on the basis of therapeutic protocol. Group 1 and 2 dogs were treated with Diminazine aceturate @ 7mg/kg BW and orally Clindamycin @25mg/kg BW twice daily respectively. On blood smear examination for babesiosis, group 1 demonstrated 100% recovery on day 7, but group 2 shown 33.3% recovery on day 7. In group 1, all hemato-biochemical values returned to normalcy on day 10 of therapy, however in group 2 normal parameters were seen on day 15 of treatment.

Clinical outcome comparison between adjunctive clindamycin vs. linezolid for invasive group A streptococcal infection.

AimTo evaluate tooth discoloration after the use of different antibiotic pastes and to examine the effect of intracoronal bleaching on discolored crown.Materials and methodsSingle-rooted maxillary central incisors were collected and sectioned to obtain a standardized root length of 10 mm above the facial cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The specimens were then randomly divided into five groups (n = 11 for each group)—Group A: No filling (control group); Group B: triple antibiotic paste (TAP) with minocycline (MINO); Group C: TAP with doxycycline; Group D: TAP with amoxicillin; and Group E: TAP with clindamycin (CLIN).Spectrophotometric readings were obtained on the buccal surfaces of the crown. Color changes (ΔE) were recorded after 4 weeks, then the antibiotic pastes were removed, and an internal bleaching treatment was performed. After bleaching treatment, color changes (ΔE) were measured. The quantitative variables were evaluated using an unpaired t-test. The qualitative variables were compared using the Chi-square test. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 was used for analysis.ResultFrom baseline (preshade) to 1 month, the greatest discoloration occurred with the triple-antibiotic combination, followed by the amoxicillin–doxycycline combination, and the least discoloration occurred in the CLIN group; these differences were statistically significant. After 1 week of placement of the bleaching agent, when compared to baseline, the color change was statistically significant in all groups except CLIN.ConclusionThe discoloration caused by the TAP with MINO showed greater whitening compared to the TAP with doxycycline and amoxicillin groups. The least color change was seen in the antibiotic combination with CLIN group.How to cite this articleKaur A, Srivastava H, Raisingani D, et al. Spectrophotometric Analysis of Intracoronal Bleaching on Crown Discoloration Induced by Various Antibiotic Pastes: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(12):1443–1447.

Abstract Twelve pharmaceuticals, including stimulant caffeine (CAFF), anti-inflammatories (naproxen (NPX), ibuprofen (IBU), and diclofenac (DCF)), antibiotics (anhydro-erythromycin (AETM), azithromycin (ATM), erythromycin (ETM), clindamycin (CMC), ciprofloxacin (CFC), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and trimethoprim (TMP)), and the antiepileptic carbamazepine (CBZ), were analyzed in surface waters and sediments in the Ishmi River basin, Albania, across seasons during 2023 and 2024. This basin is characterized by limited wastewater treatment infrastructure, varying degrees of urban impact, and different environmental conditions. All targeted compounds were detected in water, with the highest concentrations observed near urban areas, particularly at the wastewater-impacted location LR1 for CAFF, IBU, NPX, and CFC with 22.5, 12.8, 2.7, and 1.8 µg L −1 , respectively. Sediment concentrations showed high levels of CFC and ATM, notably during spring with the highest concentrations of 1068 (LR1) and 396 ng g −1 (IR2), respectively, suggesting strong seasonal and spatial variability. Partitioning behavior ( K d and K oc ) was investigated in relation to compound-specific ( D ow ) and sediment-specific (pH, organic carbon, CaCO 3 and metal content) properties. Significant correlations were found, and multiple regression models successfully predicted in situ K d values for NPX, IBU, CFC, AETM, and CMC. These findings underline the influence of environmental and sediment characteristics on environmental pharmaceutical distribution.

Antibiotics are a double-edged sword. Long-term, broad-spectrum, and high-dose antibiotic use can lead to the occurrence of related diseases, particularly attracting attention in the context of intestinal barrier damage. However, current clinical treatments remain suboptimal. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal/stem cell-derived exosomes (HucMSCs-Exo) have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in tissue repair and inflammatory bowel diseases. However, studies on their role in antibiotic-induced intestinal barrier damage remain limited. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of HucMSCs-Exo in treating antibiotic-induced intestinal mucosal barrier damage. A mouse model of antibiotic-induced intestinal barrier damage was established by administering clindamycin hydrochloride via gavage for 28 consecutive days in C57BL/6 male mice. The therapeutic effects of HucMSCs-Exo were evaluated through intraperitoneal injections at low and high concentrations every other day. Transcriptomic sequencing and other techniques were used to identify target genes and mechanistic pathways involved in HucMSCs-Exo mediated repair of intestinal mucosal barrier damage. Finally, the findings were validated in vitro using human colonic epithelial NCM460 cells. The in vivo mouse experiments demonstrated that HucMSCs-Exo effectively alleviated antibiotic-induced intestinal barrier damage. Both low- and high-concentration exosome treatments improved the antibiotic-induced reduction in body weight gain, shortened colon length,disrupted intestinal epithelial continuity, increased permeability owing to microvilli structural damage, and decreased expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1). The in vitro cell experiments further showed that both low- and high-concentration exosome treatments restored antibiotic-induced reductions in cell proliferation and migration, as well as increased autophagy and apoptosis, with the high-concentration group showing significant differences (p < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis of mouse colonic tissues revealed that differentially expressed genes were enriched in autophagy-related and apoptosis-related pathways, with S100G identified as a potential target gene of HucMSCs-Exo. Knockdown of the S100G gene in NCM460 cells yielded results consistent with the HucMSCs-Exo treatment group, indicating that HucMSCs-Exo exerts its effects by promoting mTOR phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting excessive autophagy. HucMSCs-Exo alleviates antibiotic-induced intestinal mucosal barrier damage by inhibiting excessive autophagy-mediated apoptosis via the S100G/mTOR signaling pathway. Our findings elucidate the role and mechanism of exosomes in antibiotic-induced intestinal mucosal barrier damage, providing new insights for the therapeutic potential of exosomes in related fields.

A rapid, accurate, sensitive, and eco-friendly micellar liquid chromatography method has been successfully developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of clindamycin and adapalene in their bulk forms and combined dosage gel formulations. The separation was performed on a BDS HYPERSIL C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), employing a micellar mobile phase made up of 0.07 M sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.3% triethylamine, 0.02 M orthophosphoric acid (pH adjusted to 3.0), and 14% isopropanol (v/v). Detection was carried out using UV at 210 nm. The method exhibited linearity in the ranges of 100–500 µg/mL for clindamycin phosphate and 10–50 µg/mL for adapalene, with detection limits of 13.4 µg/mL and 1.4 µg/mL, respectively. The developed method was effectively applied to the analysis of a laboratory-prepared co-formulated gel, yielding high recovery rates. The greenness of the method was further confirmed through assessment with the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI). The method was also validated as a stability-indicating assay for clindamycin phosphate and adapalene under various stress conditions, demonstrating its robustness and applicability for routine quality control.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13065-025-01669-x.

Implant-associated infections remain a major clinical challenge, often leading to implant failure, revision surgery, and increased healthcare burden. Systemic antibiotic administration is limited by poor local bioavailability and systemic side effects, highlighting the need for localized drug-delivery systems that can simultaneously support tissue integration and prevent bacterial colonization. This study aimed to develop and characterize a novel generation of chitosan membranes loaded with hydroxyapatite–clindamycin phosphate (CS/HA-CLY) for localized infection prevention at implantation sites. The composite membranes’ physicochemical characteristics were analyzed using ATR FT-IR, XPS, SEM, XRD, and contact angle measurements. Furthermore, the in vitro biomineralization potential was assessed employing the Taguchi method, while the in vitro release of clindamycin phosphate was examined through UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The CS/HA-CLY membranes exhibited improved wettability, drug release behavior, and biomineralization ability compared to neat CS. These results suggest that the developed composite membranes could successfully combine antibacterial efficacy and biocompatibility, supporting their potential as multifunctional biomaterials for preventing implant-related infections while promoting tissue integration. These findings provide a promising basis for further biological assays and in vitro evaluation.

Introduction: Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition with significant impact on Asian patients. Because clinical presentation of acne varies across different populations, it is important to consider patient demographics to improve treatment outcomes. Topical clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/adapalene 0.15%/benzoyl peroxide 3.1% (CAB) gel is the only triple-combination formulation approved for acne. In phase 2 and 3 clinical trials of participants with moderate to severe acne, CAB was more efficacious than vehicle (treatment success: ~50% vs 8%-25%; inflammatory lesion [IL]/noninflammatory lesion [NL] reductions: 71%-80% vs 46%-60%) with favorable safety/tolerability. This post hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of CAB in Asian participants. Methods: Data were pooled from two phase 2 (NCT03170388, NCT04892706) and two phase 3 (NCT04214652, NCT04214639) double-blind, 12-week trials in which 1115 participants aged ≥9 years (≥12 in NCT04892706) with moderate to severe acne were randomized to once-daily CAB or vehicle gel; additional randomization arms are not included here. Analyses were performed using data from participants who self-identified as Asian. Endpoints included treatment success (≥2-grade reduction from baseline in Evaluator’s Global Severity Score and clear/almost clear skin) and least-squares mean percent change from baseline in IL/NL counts at week 12. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and cutaneous safety/tolerability were assessed. Results: A total of 96 Asian participants were included in this analysis (CAB, n=47; vehicle gel, n=49). At week 12, 66.5% of CAB-treated participants achieved treatment success, which was significantly greater compared with vehicle-treated participants (23.4%; P&lt;0.001). CAB-treated participants experienced 87.7% reductions in IL and 80.3% reductions in NL counts, significantly greater versus vehicle (58.3% and 55.7%, respectively; P≤0.001, both). Rate of TEAEs in CAB-treated Asian participants was similar to those of the overall study populations (27.7% vs 24.6%-36.2%). Most TEAEs were mild or moderate severity and no serious AEs occurred. Hyperpigmentation mean scores stayed below the baseline value (0.7; 1=mild) at all time points. Conclusions: In this pooled analysis, 12 weeks of once-daily CAB treatment in Asian participants with moderate to severe acne led to a treatment success rate of 66.5%, and &gt;80% acne lesion reductions, with favorable safety/tolerability. These improvements are numerically greater than results in the overall study populations, indicating that triple-combination CAB is well suited for acne treatment in Asian patients

Introduction: Given the chronic nature of acne, some patients may require long-term treatment lasting months to years. Even after lesion resolution, scarring and dyspigmentation may persist and can be more bothersome to patients than the acne itself. Clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/adapalene 0.15%/benzoyl peroxide 3.1% (CAB) gel—the only approved triple-combination topical acne treatment—demonstrated superior efficacy to vehicle and its component dyads and favorable safety/tolerability in 12-week clinical trials. This pooled analysis assessed long-term efficacy and tolerability of CAB gel, as well as impacts on acne scarring and dyspigmentation. Methods: Data were pooled from two identical, 24-week, single-center, open-label studies of once-daily CAB in 50 participants aged ≥12 years with moderate/severe acne (Investigator’s Global Assessment [IGA] score=3/4). Endpoints included changes from baseline in IGA score and inflammatory/noninflammatory lesions. Investigator-assessed skin appearance (dryness, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation [PIH], postinflammatory erythema [PIE]), and participant-assessed tolerability (itching, burning, redness, swelling) were evaluated on a 5-point scale (0 [none] to 4 [severe]). Scarring was evaluated using the Goodman Qualitative Scar Scale. Adverse events were assessed. Results: Among 45 participants who completed the studies, the mean age was 22 years, 76% were female, and all Fitzpatrick skin types were represented. At week 24, treatment success (≥2-grade reduction in IGA score from baseline and clear/almost clear skin) was achieved by 67% of participants, inflammatory lesions were reduced by 88%, and noninflammatory lesions decreased by 68% (P&lt;0.001 vs baseline, both). PIH, PIE, and scarring decreased by 71%, 77%, and 33% from baseline, respectively (P&lt;0.001, all). Mean skin dryness scores were low (&lt;0.15), and most participants (&gt;70%) reported no tolerability issues across all time points. A total of 7 adverse events occurred; 4 were related to study product, and 3 led to study discontinuation. Conclusions: In this pooled analysis, significant and continued improvements in acne lesions, scarring, and dyspigmentation were observed with once-daily CAB over 6 months of treatment, with favorable safety and tolerability. These data support the long-term use of CAB as a topical acne treatment.

Introduction: Acne is increasingly recognized as an adverse event associated with JAKi (“JAKne”), with 2 meta-analyses demonstrating increased acne risk with JAKi. Initially developed for autoimmune/inflammatory conditions, JAKi indications have been expanded to include dermatologic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. While there are no established treatment guidelines for JAKne, its clinical manifestation shares some similarities with acne vulgaris, for which US guidelines recommend topical treatments combining multiple mechanisms of action, with strong recommendations for benzoyl peroxide (BPO), retinoids, and/or antibiotics. This narrative review summarizes topical treatments for JAKne and evaluates their effectiveness. Methods: PubMed and EMBASE were searched August 2025 using combinations of terms related to JAKi (eg, "JAK inhibitor" OR "Ruxolitinib," etc) and acne (eg, “acne” or "iatrogenic acne," etc). Articles were screened and supplemented, as needed, with additional manuscripts known to authors or publications identified within articles. Results: Though publications were limited, topical acne therapies were described for JAKne treatment, including BPO, antibiotics, general retinoids/adapalene (ADAP), salicylic acid, or varying combinations of each. One review provided clinical recommendations for JAKne, suggesting that mild-moderate cases be treated with topical mono- or combination therapy, while severe cases may require topical combination therapy alongside oral antibiotics. Across 4 publications that reported treatment effectiveness, qualitative terms such as “substantial improvement,” “good/moderate/poor response,” “partial improvement/resolution,” and “successfully treated” were used. One case study showed successful treatment of moderate/severe inflammatory acne owing to upadacitinib (15-30 mg daily) via fixed-dose, triple-combination clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/ADAP 0.15%/BPO 3.1% gel, with acne improving to mild/almost clear. In a clinical trial for upadacitinib (15 mg or 30 mg daily), the 6 patients who developed acne were successfully treated with ADAP or fixed-dose ADAP/BPO. Two other studies reported mixed responses to topical treatments. A retrospective cohort study in patients treated with tofacitinib, filgotinib, or upadacitinib demonstrated acne improvement/resolution in 52/106 patients (49%) when using topical antibiotics, BPO, retinoids, salicylic acid, or a combination of therapies. Additionally, a case series for patients treated with upadacitinib (15 mg) or baricitinib (4 mg) showed that 3 patients treated with ADAP 0.1%/BPO 2.5% gel showed good response and 5 patients treated with nadifloxacin 1% cream had moderate/poor response. Conclusions: Though studies/analyses of topical JAKne treatment are limited, therapy with retinoids, antibiotics, BPO, and/or salicylic acid have demonstrated effectiveness. Research into the mechanism of JAKi-induced acne may further inform both treatment strategies and larger studies of the effectiveness/safety of various topical treatments.

Carboxymethyl cellulose/hyperbranched polysiloxane functionalized mesoporous silica hybrid membranes integrated with clindamycin hydrochloride for potential wound dressing application.