Climate Change Treaty Research Articles

Do responsible practices lead to higher firm productivity? Evidence from Europe

AbstractThis study examines the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in its environmental, social and governance (ESG) dimensions on firm productivity. We analyze a data set comprising 448 non‐financial firms operating in 15 European countries during the period 2002–2018 and find compelling evidence indicating that both the overall ESG scores and their individual sub‐pillars, are positively associated with total factor productivity (TFP). To ensure the robustness of our findings, we employ multiple analytical approaches to address potential endogeneity and selection biases. Our evidence demonstrates that the link between ESG and TFP link becomes more pronounced during economic slowdowns, particularly in the aftermath of the financial crisis. Furthermore, our investigation reveals that firms' environmental performance plays a pivotal role in driving this relationship. To validate this outcome, we employ a quasi‐natural experiment, focused on the adoption of the international climate change treaty, the 2015 ‘Paris Agreement’. Overall, our results offer valuable insights for policymakers and regulators and confirm that involvement in sustainability practices within the non‐financial sector not only yields societal benefits but also bolsters firm‐level productivity.

The Challenges and Exigencies in Enforcing the Paris Agreement: from the Perspective of Bangladesh

Over the past decades, the rapid rise in global temperatures has indicated an irreversible and irresistible shift in climate conditions. In this regard, the international community has concluded various hard law instruments amongst which the Paris Agreement has emerged as the ’ideal’ climate change treaty. Nevertheless, such initiatives have also been criticized as ineffective due to multiple reasons, for instance, the inactivity of developed nations in observing their obligations, developing nation’s lack of scientific expertise and economic means and their reliance on cooperation from developed countries; the absence of an international forum to enforce climate justice and so on. Although climate change is a universal concern, its effects and adversities primarily tend to have a devastating impact on nations with vulnerable geographical locations. In this paper, the author has highlighted the significance and urgent necessity of international cooperation; the upswing in unfavorable conditions in climate-risk countries particularly Bangladesh; and the available avenues to compel ‘inactive’ yet ‘major GHG emitting’ nations to fulfil their environmental obligations.

From Fact to Applicable Law: What Role for the International Climate Change Regime in Investor-State Arbitration?

Abstract While many investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) proceedings based on international investment agreements have dealt, directly or incidentally, with environmental issues, state measures relating to the mitigation and adaptation to climate change have been subject to a small number of reported cases. This article demonstrates that there is a significant gap between the number of investor-state disputes having a direct relevance with climate change, on the one hand, and the number of such cases that have actually raised climate change as a material legal or factual issue. In addition, arbitral tribunals faced with disputes related to measures or sectors that are of direct relevance to climate action have, to date, virtually never engaged in any sort of substantial analysis of international climate change treaties and related instruments, rules, or practices. Against this backdrop, this article will explore ways for arbitrators and parties to ISDS proceedings to better consider the climate regime — in particular, the Paris Agreement and instruments arising therefrom — in ISDS proceedings beyond its current limited role as an element of context. While the literature has mostly focused on integrating climate change concerns in ISDS, this article goes further by exploring how states’ international climate obligations could play a greater role in the adjudication of investor-state disputes, including by providing states with a justification for implementing more ambitious regulations as well as tribunals with guidance for interpreting substantive obligations in investment treaties.

The Practice of International Investment Agreements in the Context of Climate Change Conflicts and Solutions

Climate change is an issue of growing importance on a global scale. The traditional International Investment Agreements (IIAs) and the provisions made in response to climate change often conflict with one another. This has led to a need to find a way to reconcile these differences and establish a complementary and mutually reinforcing relationship between IIAs and climate change treaties. This paper aims to identify the focal points of conflict and explore potential solutions through case analysis and other methods. One potential solution is to make reasonable adjustments to the IIAs to align them with the specific provisions needed to address climate change. By doing so, it may be possible to bridge the gap between traditional IIAs and the requirements of climate change treaties. This approach is essential in ensuring that investment agreements do not hinder the progress of climate change initiatives. It is crucial to find a balance that allows for sustainable economic development while also addressing the pressing concerns of climate change. Finding a way to reconcile the conflicts between traditional IIAs and climate change treaties is of paramount importance. By making targeted adjustments and seeking common ground, it is possible to establish a framework that supports both economic growth and environmental sustainability.

Bringing Climate Change to Strasbourg. The Convention and Healthy Environment Claims.

Climate change profoundly impacts all aspects of human life, including health. International fora and nation States recognise the importance of urgently cutting greenhouse gas emissions as a primary cause of global warming. States' commitment to alter climate change has resulted in several treaty documents referring explicitly to human rights obligations. But what exactly are States' obligations under climate change treaty law and other human rights treaties? And what is the judiciary's role when confronted with the right to health violations and systemic deficiencies relating to climate change? Can climate change litigation give individual citizens a remedy to right to health violations and reduce the impact of climate change?

BEYOND THE COURTROOM: THE EVOLUTION OF RIGHTS-BASED CLIMATE LITIGATION FROM URGENDA TO HELD AND ITS POLICY IMPACT

This paper examines the growing trend of employing international and human rights law in domestic climate change lawsuits as a strategic tool for legal action. Using a qualitative and comparative analysis of seminal case law, such as Urgenda Foundation v the Netherlands and R (Friends of the Earth and others) v Heathrow Airport Ltd and Held v State, this paper aims to explain the juridical trajectories and methodologies employed in rights-based climate litigation. The primary objective is to critically evaluate the potential regulatory impact of this emergent jurisprudential paradigm on both domestic legislation and international climate change treaties. The study posits that when traditional enforcement mechanisms enshrined in international environmental law treaties prove ineffective, domestic litigation grounded in human rights claims serve as a catalyst for transformative jurisprudence. This, in turn, can exert substantial pressure on state and non-state actors, compelling them to adopt more strict regulatory measures to mitigate the effects of climate change. The aim of this paper is twofold: first, to elucidate the effectiveness and development of rights-based jurisprudence in climate litigation, and second, to assess its potential for influencing the creation of stronger regulatory mechanisms at both state and international levels. The paper argues that when international treaties fail to take adequate climate change action, domestic lawsuits based on human rights claims start to serve as a lever of change, pressuring both state and non-state actors into adopting more ambitious measures. The study underscores the importance of this rights-based approach not merely as a legal strategy but as a multifaceted tool for effectuating systemic regulatory advancements and fostering climate justice.

Why Arbitration Will Be the Dispute Resolution Go‐To For the Paris Climate Change Treaty

In December 2015, 196 nations met to discuss the critical issue of climate change and to negotiate an agreement which culminated in the Paris Agreement Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, best known as the Paris Agreement, a treaty in which countries agreed to maintain global temperature rise below 2°C in relation to pre‐industrial levels and make efforts to limit it to 1.5°C.

Agricultural Exceptionalism in the Climate Change Treaties

AbstractAgricultural emissions in most countries have been increasing against a backdrop of decreasing non-agricultural emissions. The climate change treaties contain a qualification that appears to exempt the agricultural sector from mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions where there is a ‘threat to food production’. This potential mitigation exception gives rise to the risk that states will invoke a threat to food production in order to shield their agricultural sector from intensifying mitigation pressure. A systematic analysis of documentation issued pursuant to the climate treaties reveals that many states, both developed and developing, have made statements suggesting that their agricultural sector is relieved of some or all of the pressure placed on other economic sectors to deliver mitigation outcomes. However, this concern that mitigation of agricultural emissions will threaten food production is only weakly supported, even as it threatens achievement of the Paris Agreement's goal of keeping global warming ‘well below 2°C’.

The Cost of Climate Change Heightened Sexual and Gender-based Violence: A Challenge for International Law

There is a reality of creeping adverse effects of climate change. The human imprint on it has been affirmed by various global processes including 21 May 2019 recognition by the Anthropocene Working Group. It has emerged as a planetary crisis. By 2050 climate change could see 4% of global annual economic output lost to the tune of $23 trillion and may hit many poorer parts of the world disproportionately. Though entire populations are affected by climate change, women and girls suffer the most. Due to their traditional roles, women are heavily dependent on natural resources. As a consequence of natural disasters and during Covid-19 pandemic in 2020-22, women have faced heightened risks to different forms of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). They suffer from a lack of protection, privacy, and mental trauma. Effects of climate change results in the feminization and intensification of vulnerability of women and girls. As there is double victimization of women both as human beings and because of their gender. Growing evidence suggests role of climate change heightened violence against women and girls. There is no specific international legal instrument dealing with SGBV against women during and after the climate change induced disasters. The texts of the three specific climate change treaties (1992 UNFCCC, 1997 Kyoto Protocol and 2015 Paris Agreement) do not address this crucial aspect. It has been given attention only through the recent decisions of the Conference of the Parties (COP). Due to serious psychological and bodily harm SGBV causes to women, it needs to be explicitly factored in respective international legal instruments on climate change and disasters. There are ignorance, denials and lack of adequate attention by scholars and decision-makers in the field to address adverse effects of climate change in causing heightened violence against women and girls. Hence, this study makes a modest effort to deduce and analyze –from scattered initiatives, scholarly literature in different areas, existing international legal instruments and intergovernmental processes – the growing causal relationship between climate change and SGBV especially against women and girls as well as the phenomenal cost so as to suggest a way out for our better common future. It is a new challenge for international law that needs to be duly addressed in a timely manner.

Assessment of Mangrove Restoration Potential in the North Western Province of Sri Lanka for Climate Change Mitigation

Over the geological time, the planet's climate has been changing constantly, with large variations in global average temperatures. Millions of people are already suffering as a result of natural disasters worsened by climate change. The Paris Agreement is an international climate change treaty, and countries will present their climate action plans, referred to as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). In response to the Paris Agreement, Sri Lanka presented NDCs in 2016. In which the coastal and marine sector has a restoration target of 10,000 ha of mangroves as a coastal greenbelt with mitigation co-benefits. However, identification of potential lands for such restoration of mangroves has not been done. Therefore, identification of potential areas for mangrove restoration is most important because mangroves cannot be restored where they were not previously existed. The main objective of this research therefore was to identify potential areas for mangrove restoration within the North-Western Province. Identification of potential lands in North-Western Province were done by using Google Earth Pro and ArcGIS 10.2.2. Most important physicochemical parameters such as salinity, pH, soil organic matter content, soil water holding capacity were analyzed under laboratory conditions, samples were obtained by different sites of mangrove habitats. Soil salinity, pH were measured by using calibrated multiparameter. The loss of ignition method for soil organic matter content and a customized method for soil water holding capacity were used. All parameters were subjected to two-way ANOVA in MINITAB 14 after following Anderson Darling Normality test. The mean of soil salinity, pH, soil organic matter content, and soil water holding capacity were ranged respectively; 4.26% to 5.93%, 6.07 to 8.62, 3.40% to 9.31%, and 30.39% to 46.38%. The potential lands for restoring mangroves in North-Western Province were identified in Chilaw, Kalpitiya, Mundel, Panirendawa, Puttalam, Vanathawilluwa and Vennappuwa Divisional Secretariant Divisions. Among them, availability for historical images in Google Earth Pro there were specially chosen areas to restore the mangroves. There is no any significant difference of physicochemical parameters among mangrove habitats and an abandoned shrimp farm where there were previously mangrove plants existed. Hence, abandoned shrimp farms and salterns can be used to restore the mangrove plants and the assisted natural regeneration of mangroves in suitable abandoned shrimp farms by way of facilitating hydrology to be explored as the best option for mangrove restoration.
 Keywords: Mangrove restoration, Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), Assisted natural regeneration, Areas suitable for mangrove restoration

Full access The future of environmental cases in the European Court of Human Rights: extraterritoriality, victim status, treaty interpretation, attribution, imminence and ‘due diligence’ in climate change cases

Ever since the Urgenda case was filed in the Netherlands, followed by climate change cases reaching the United Nations treaty-bodies complaint procedures, first in the Torres Strait Islanders case (against Australia) before the Human Rights Committee, and second in the 16 Children case before the Committee for the Rights of the Child, it was a mere matter of time before climate change litigation would reach the European Court of Human Rights. This article examines some of the key emerging topics in international climate change litigation before international human rights organs likely to be relevant for the adjudication of such cases under the European Convention on Human Rights. These international factors will inevitably influence the future of Strasbourg jurisprudence in the area of climate change litigation. These are (i) jurisdictional issues; (ii) whether climate change treaties are relevant for interpreting the European Convention on Human Rights; (iii) causation and whether it is relevant or not under the Rules of State Responsibility underlying the Convention; (iv) The notion of ‘imminence’; and (v) the notion of due diligence – duty to protect.

Role of Climate Change in Exacerbating Sexual and Gender-Based Violence against Women: A New Challenge for International Law

The advent of climate change era has been affirmed by various global processes including 21 May 2019 recognition by the Anthropocene Working Group of ‘human impact’ in bringing profound alterations on planet earth. It has emerged as the predominant ‘world problematique’. Though entire populations are affected by climate change, women and girls suffer the most. Due to their traditional roles, women are heavily dependent on natural resources. As already seen, as a consequence of natural disasters and during Covid-19 pandemic in 2020-21, women have faced heightened real-life challenges specially being vulnerable to different forms of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). They suffer from a lack of protection, privacy, and mental trauma. Women are exposed to SGBV due to weak or absence of social, economic, political security and the culture of widespread impunity to the perpetrators. There is double victimization of women both as human beings and because of their gender. Effect of SGBV is highly injurious and perpetual. A close study of four main areas of international law does not yield any international legal instrument that deals with SGBV against women during and after the climate change induced disasters. This is more ominous when growing evidence suggests role of climate change in exacerbation of SGBV against women and girls. Even texts of the three specific climate change treaties (1992 UNFCCC, 1997 Kyoto Protocol and 2015 Paris Agreement) do not address this issue. It has been given attention only through the decisions of the Conference of the Parties in recent years. Due to serious psychological and bodily harm SGBV causes to women, it needs to be explicitly factored in respective international legal instruments on climate change and disasters. Amidst ignorance, denials and lack of adequate attention as regards impact of climate change in exacerbating SGBV against women and girls from the scholars and decision-makers in the field, this study makes a modest effort to deduce and analyze – from scattered initiatives, scholarly literature in different areas, existing international legal instruments and intergovernmental processes – the growing causal relationship between climate change and SGBV against women and girls so as to suggest a way out for our better common future. It is a new challenge for international law that needs to be duly addressed in a timely manner.

Adaptation to Climate Change under Climate Change Treaties

Abstract On the ground that climate change poses a great threat to societies and economies, it became evident for policy makers that attention should be given to the problem of adaptation, i.e. adaptation measures should be undertaken to minimize the adverse impacts of climate change. As the debate on the adverse impacts of climate change advanced at international level, states are taking actions at national, regional and local levels. Along with the increase awareness regarding importance of adaptation, regulations designed to prepare states to strengthen their resilience to climate change, has been developed in climate change treaties. Paris Agreement seems to be the first global agreement which addresses adaptation as one of its key goals and links it with mitigation efforts. The purpose of this article is to discuss the most important regulations and programmes within the regime established by the Framework Convention and the Paris Agreement concerning adaptation to climate change.

Recent Developments in International Climate Change Law

Abstract This article discusses recent developments in international climate change law, in respect of which Pacific island countries and territories (PICs) have made a particularly significant contribution. PICs have been instrumental in shaping the international climate change treaty regime since its inception in the early 1990s. Since the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015, however, progress has stalled – and even more so since the global pandemic. With a focus on the Suva Declaration on Climate Change released prior to negotiations in Paris, this article assesses progress in two areas that have received considerable attention from PIC representatives due to their importance to the region: the long-term temperature goal and the Talanoa Dialogue; and the issue of loss and damage. While PICs have managed to make gains in both areas, climate change science indicates that current global efforts are insufficient to avoid catastrophic climate change impacts for the Pacific region. In light of this, certain PIC leaders are looking outside of the international treaty system for other ways to protect their communities and ecosystems.

Clear skies or turbulence ahead? The international civil aviation organization’s obligation to mitigate climate change

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) set a cap for international aviation’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at its 2020 level and established a market-based mechanism to help achieve that cap. Against that backdrop, this article identifies ICAO’s legal obligation to mitigate climate change by examining the international climate change treaties, ICAO’s constituent treaty, the Chicago Convention, and ICAO’s organizational practice. It finds that because ICAO is not a party to the climate change treaties and has a high degree of institutional autonomy, those treaties do not directly impose an obligation on ICAO. Although the Chicago Convention does not expressly mention the environment or climate change, ICAO’s member states interpreted the Convention and enlarged ICAO’s mandate under it to include the reduction or limitation of GHG emissions from international aviation so as to prevent dangerous climate change. This article finds that pursuant to Jan Klabbers’ recently developed theory of role responsibility, ICAO arguably has an obligation to carry out this important mandate, and its failure to do so, or failure to do so effectively, could constitute an internationally wrongful omission.

Human Rights in the Paris Agreement

Climate change is one of the most urgent environmental problems of the 21st century and one of the major challenges facing the international community as the greatest threat to human rights. The Paris Agreement, adopted in December 2015, is the most important result of efforts to address the challenge. The Paris Agreement is the first climate change treaty to include a reference to human rights and, moreover, the first multilateral environmental agreement(MEA) that explicitly mentions human rights. The Paris Agreement, of course, is not a human rights treaty in the general sense. The Paris Agreement does not include provisions on human rights in its operative provisions, but refers to human rights only in the Preamble. The Paris Agreement, in its preamble, recognizes that “climate change is a common concern of humankind,” and “Parties should, when taking action to address climate change, respect, promote and consider their respective obligations on human rights.” The Paris Convention was the first international environmental agreement to recognize that human rights obligations are an integral part of the United Nations climate system. The explicit mention of human rights in the Paris Agreement is a decade-long advocacy of the international community that has raised awareness about the adverse impacts of human rights on climate change and the human rights of actions to respond to climate change. The Paris Agreement, however, does not specifically state human rights obligations of States Parties, and their role in respecting, promoting, protecting and realizing human rights in action to address climate change is very limited. Nevertheless, by referring to human rights, the Paris Agreement will also contribute to the advancement of political narratives that justify climate action. This article first examines the Cancun Agreement and subsequent human rights discussions. secondly, It analyzes the content and legal implications of the human rights-related provisions included in the Paris Agreement adopted by the 21st Conference of the Parties(COP21) to the UN Climate Change Convention held in Paris in December 2015. Finally, I will examine and assess the importance of a human rights approach in the implementation of the Paris Convention

Three Decades of Learning-by-Doing: The Evolving Climate Change Mitigation Policy of the European Union

This chapter traces the evolution of EU climate change mitigation policy over the past 30 years. It divides the development of EU climate policy into four phases and highlights their links with the international climate policy process under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The chapter also analyses the future prospects of EU climate policy in light of the European Commission’s 2019 proposal for a European Green Deal. The chapter shows that in the past three decades, the EU has developed an extensive climate policy framework that reflects the special nature of the EU as a supranational construct of 27 Member States. The EU framework can offer useful lessons for other jurisdictions on how a group of socially and economically diverse countries can cooperate intensively to mitigate climate change. It also includes many important lessons in terms of the governance structures used and alignment with international climate change treaties. However, the chapter also identifies gaps and important room for improvement. These relate to comprehensiveness (such as providing incentives for negative emissions) and governance (such as a long-term target enshrined in law and the creation of an independent scientific advisory body). Furthermore, while the EU’s climate policy framework can be praised for using internal fairness and equity criteria for allocating responsibilities between the Member States and compensating those with fewer resources or critically affected interests, the EU’s mitigation ambition is not based on any explicit criteria for global fairness and equity, and the bloc’s ambition is arguably not in line with the 1.5/2°C temperature goal included in the Paris Agreement.

Human Rights Law Cannot Advance Climate Change Mitigation

The main argument against the thesis that human rights law creates an obligation on states to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions is that there is no emitting action by a state which could be linked to an interference with a human right, so the test for a human rights violation can never be satisfied. In the absence of a provable violation, there can be no obligation. Two other arguments against the thesis are briefly considered. They are that human rights law does not apply to situations where the act complained of (in this case, state emissions) consists of an aggregate of acts (emissions by individuals) engaged in by every human being in a state’s jurisdiction; and that human rights law, even if it could be the source of a state obligation on climate change mitigation, has been displaced by climate change treaty law, which permits the continuation of state emissions without any near-term global limit.

What would ecological climate change law look like? Developing a method for analysing the international climate change regime from an ecological perspective

Statements and commitments made in the climate change treaties record the desire of their parties to preserve ecosystem functionality and situations that depend on this as an outcome of their collective response to global warming. Despite this, little attention has been given in climate law literature to the appropriateness of the legal framework they establish for achieving their stated ecological goals. This may be due in part to the lack of a method for analysing the climate change treaties from an ecological perspective. This article seeks to develop such a method by considering the key questions that States would need to answer when formulating a treaty for combating global warming in ways that advance goals associated with maintaining current structures and functions of ecosystems. It also identifies ways in which detailing of the Paris Agreement’s provisions could be used to promote ecosystem preservation as an outcome of international climate action.

A Study on the Improvement Measures of the Investigation of State Administration

우리 헌법 제35조는 환경권과 환경보호의무를 규정하고 있지만, 기후변화협약에 관한 국제조약을 이행하여야 할 의무에 관한 규정을 두고 있지 않다. 그렇지만 파리기후협약 등 국제조약이 헌법 제6조에 의하여 국내법과 동일한 효력을 가지게 되고, 이산화탄소 포집 및 저장(CCS : Carbon dioxide Capture & Storage) 등과 같은 다양한 수단을 통해 온실가스를 감축하도록 하고 있다. 그래서 우리나라보다 앞서서 온실가스를 감축하기 위한 정책을 입안하고 법률을 제정ㆍ개정한 영국을 비롯한 선진국들의 입법을 비교법적 관점에서 연구하고 참고하는 것이 필요하다. 특히 영국은 기후변화의 문제를 해결하고 석탄을 계속 에너지원으로 사용하기 위해 오래전부터 온실가스를 줄이기 위한 정책으로 CCS를 추진하였다. 이런 정책을 뒷받침하기 위해 단일법의 제정이 아닌 개별법의 개정을 통해 CCS에 관한 근거를 마련하고 정책과 사업을 진행하고 있다. CCS를 추진하기 위한 법률 중 「에너지법」에서는 신규 석탄화력발전소에 CCS 기술도입 의무화, 3년간 배출제한 유예, 보조금 지급을 통한 저탄소 전력발전의 유인책을 강구하였다. 그리고 「전기법」의 개정을 통해 300MW 이상의 모든 신규 연소 발전소는 CO2 포집대비(Capture Ready) 규정을 제도화하고 있다. 「작업등에서 건강과 안전법(Health & Safety at Work etc. Act)」은 2013년 4월부터 육상 및 해상 CCS 프로세스에 적용된다. 이 법에서 일반의무는 CCS 운영자가 모든 CCS 위험 관리에 비례적 접근을 취해야 한다. 이는 CO2 파이프라인의 설계, 시운전, 운전(유지 보수 및 검사 포함) 및 폐로에서 발생하는 위험 범위를 고려한 포괄적인 위험 평가를 통해 입증되어야 한다. 결국, 영국에서 추진해 왔던 기후변화정책과 이산화탄소 포집 및 저장 등에 관한 정책과 잘 정비된 법률의 검토를 통해 한국에서 추진하고 있는 CCS에 대한 시사점을 얻게 되었다. 한국도 영국 등의 선진적인 입법례를 참고로 하여 CCS를 통한 이산화탄소감축을 위한 구체적인 입법을 지속적으로 해 나가야 하며, 장기적으로는 헌법개정을 통하여 기후변화노력 등에 대한 규정을 두는 것이 필요하다.Article 35 of our Constitution provides environmental rights and environmental protection obligations but does not include the obligation to implement international treaties on climate change treaties. However, international treaties such as the Paris Climate Convention have the same effect as domestic law under Article 6 of the Constitution, and require our government to make effective measure including dioxide capture and storage (CCS) to embody greenhouse gas reduction efforts. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate law and policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions ahead of Korea, and to study and refer to legislation from advanced countries including the UK, which enacted and amended laws, from a comparative legal point of view. UK has long pursued CCS as a policy to reduce greenhouse gases for climate change issues in the course of continuous using coal as an energy source. To support this policy, UK establishes the grounds for CO2 capture and storage and carries out policies and projects not by the enactment of a single law but by the method of the revision of the individual laws. The “Energy Law” established the emission standard (1 lb CO2/kWh) among the laws for promoting CCS. The Energy Law has contained the introduction of CCS technology to new coal-fired power plants, the three-year emission restriction, and subvention to encourage low-carbon power generation. Through the amendment of the Electricity Law, all new combustion plants of 300 MW above are institutionalizing the regulation of Capture Ready. “Health and Safety Law at Work etc.” will be applied to the land and marine CCS processes from April 2013. The general obligation in this Law is that CCS operators should take a proportional approach to all CCS risk management. This should be demonstrated through a comprehensive risk assessment that takes into account the range of hazards that occur in the design, commissioning, operation (including maintenance and inspection) of the CO2 pipeline and in the closed circuit. Therefore, We have gained successfully implications for CCS in Korea through the UK policies on climate change policy, carbon capture and storage, and the well-established UK laws.