Climate Change Shocks Research Articles

A Systematic Bibliometric Review of Fiscal Redistribution Policies Addressing Poverty Vulnerability

The elimination of poverty in all its forms is the first global goal of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Achieving this goal is recognized as a long-term process that is complicated by persistent vulnerabilities stemming from factors such as natural disasters, food insecurity, health challenges, educational disparities, and social inequality. This systematic bibliometric review provides a comprehensive survey of the impact of social protection-based policies in mitigating poverty vulnerability, focusing on selected countries and regions, including America, Europe, Oceania, and part of Asia and Africa. Our analysis reveals that 81% of the studies examine poverty vulnerability from a single dimension, predominantly focusing on food security and nutrition (23%), climate change shocks (18%), and health-related vulnerabilities (14%). The geographic distribution indicates that the United Kingdom and the United States lead research in this field, contributing 36 and 32 papers, respectively, followed by China (16 papers), South Africa (15 papers), and Canada (10 papers). The results indicate that these fiscal redistribution policies significantly contribute to reducing poverty and inequality and have positive impacts on other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities). However, notable gaps remain, especially regarding the integration of these policies with environmental sustainability goals like SDG 13 (Climate Action), which are addressed in only a minority of studies. This study concludes by recommending the adoption of more holistic and integrated policy frameworks that bridge the gap between social protection and environmental sustainability, thereby advancing the entire 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Achieving and Sustaining the Green Economy and It Potential Benefit to the Economic Growth of Sierra Leone: Empirical Analysis

The study examines the possible advantages of establishing and maintaining a green economy in Sierra Leone, focusing on social progress, environmental sustainability, and economic growth. The research aims to provide a scientifically grounded and research-based understanding of the process of transitioning to a green economy and its effects on Sierra Leone's economic development by examining important sectors like aquaculture, fisheries, and agriculture. This empirical study looks at the relationship between fishing, aquaculture, and agriculture and Sierra Leone's economic growth from 1990 to 2018 using regression models and statistical analyses. The study looks at the relationships between green economic practices and economic growth using a number of techniques, including correlation, Granger causality, and unit root tests. According to the findings, Sierra Leone urgently needs a green economy because of its vulnerability to environmental degradation, climate change shocks, and macroeconomics issues. The study accentuates the possible advantages of agriculture, fishing, and aquaculture for economic expansion and upswing. It also emphasizes how important it is to adopt sustainable practices and green technologies to reduce the risks associated with climate change. The recognition of the links between green economic principles and Sierra Leone's economic growth has increased as a result of this study. To facilitate the shift to a green economy, the study suggests implementing economic and fiscal policy tools, stepping up current initiatives, and enforcing regulations. In addition, building a supportive investment climate, encouraging stakeholder engagement, and fostering institutional collaboration are essential to establishing and maintaining a green economy in Sierra Leone. The analysis examines the potential advantages of establishing and maintaining a green economy in Sierra Leone, focusing on social progress, environmental sustainability, and economic growth.

Firm-level climate change risk and adoption of ESG practices: a machine learning prediction

PurposeBy combining the notion of prospect theory with advanced machine learning algorithms, this study aims to predict whether financial institutions (FIs) adopt a reactive stance when they perceive climate change as a risk, consequently leading to the adoption of environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices to avoid this risk. Prospect theory assumes that decision-makers react quickly when decisions are framed as a risk or threat rather than as an opportunity.Design/methodology/approachWe used a sample of 168 FIs across 27 countries and seven regions over the period 2003–2020. To conduct our empirical investigation, we compared the prediction accuracy of various machine learning algorithms.FindingsOur findings suggest that out of 12 machine learning algorithms, AdaBoost, Gradient Boosting and XGBoost have the most precision in predicting whether FIs react to climate change risk in adopting ESG practices. This study also tested the overall climate change risk and risks associated with physical, opportunity and regulatory shocks of climate change. We observed that risks associated with physical and regulatory shocks significantly impact the adoption of ESG practices, supporting prospect theory predictions.Practical implicationsThe insights of this study provide important implications for policymakers. Specifically, policymakers must take into account the risk posed by climate change in the corporate decision-making process, as it directly influences a firm’s adoption of corporate actions (ESG practices).Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the firm-level climate change risk and adoption of ESG practices from a prospect theory perspective using novel machine learning algorithms.

Climate change shocks and crop production: The foodgrain bowl of India as an example

Global warming is causing climate change (CC) characterized by increased frequency of heatwaves, droughts, erratic rains, hailstorms, cloudbursts, floods, landslides etc. The CC has already adversely affected ecosystems. In spite of efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which lead to warming, the global temperature during 2011–20 was 1.1°C above that during pre-industrial era. The projections are that warming will continue to increase and adverse effects will intensify particularly in developing countries like India. In India a number of studies have recorded wide spatial variability in rainfall, though, many reported a general overall negative trend since mid-20th century. Further, varying pattern of rainfall has been recorded in three agroclimatic regions of Punjab state, the granary of India. Unseasonal rains followed by spiked temperature during winter (rabi) season of 2021–22 reduced wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in Punjab by 651 kg/ha and by 301 kg/ha in Haryana compared to 2020–21. Further, the grain was of lower quality. During rainy (kharif) season of 2022, Southern Rice Black-streaked Dwarf Virus (SRBSDV), appeared for the first time in Punjab and Haryana. Some farmers ploughed the affected fields. Adverse weather during rabi 2022–23 also, reduced the wheat yield (143–150 kg/ha) in these states. At the national level, erratic weather during rabi 2021–22 and kharif 2022 caused losses of about 3 mt of grain of each of wheat and rice (Oryza sativa L.). The projected increased adverse effects due to intensified CC include food insecurity. Thus, there is an emergent need to accelerate implementation of adaptation and mitigation strategies in agriculture. The adaptation options include cultivar improvement, conservation agriculture altering growing seasons, crop diversification and sustainable soil, and water resource management. In the process of adaptive management of crop production, adjusting sowing dates and breeding cultivars having varying duration in consonance with CC has been one of the central aspects. Shifting sowing dates to find appropriate crop cultivation season is a low-cost measure. However, cultivar development is time and resource consuming. Novel biotechnological tools enable fast cultivar development with precision, and facilitate mobilization of genes from wild-weedy relatives, which are rich in genes conferring resistance/tolerance to biotic and biotic stresses, required to combat CC challenge. In view of CC stress on water resources, improving water-use efficiency (WUE) has gained importance. Sensor-based micro-irrigation/fertigation has great potential to enhance water and fertilizer-use efficiency. Similarly, the application of other smart technologies like nanotechnology, sensor-based pesticide application, bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides, need to be mobilised. In view of agro-ecological diversity in India, right-sized regionspecific technology packages have to be developed implying that crop research will expand exponentially. This needs strengthening of human resources and institutional infrastructure, expanding and linking basic and applied researches, and fortifying inter-disciplinary/inter-institutional collaborations to develop and diffuse technology innovations. Enabling factors include enhanced funding and international cooperation. All-out efforts are needed to have more climate-resilient agriculture.

Learning from COVID-19: A roadmap for integrated risk assessment and management across shocks of pandemics, biodiversity loss, and climate change

The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the fragility of international, national, regional, and local risk management systems. It revealed an urgent need to improve risk planning, preparedness, and communication strategies. In parallel, it created an opportunity to drastically re-think and transform societal processes and policies to prevent future shocks originating not only from health, but also combined with those related to climate change and biodiversity loss. In this perspective, we examine how to improve integrated risk assessment and management (IRAM) capacities to address interconnected shocks. We present the results from a series of workshops within the framework of the University of Zurich and University of Geneva. Initiative "Shaping Resilient Societies: A Multi-Stakeholder Approach to Create a Responsive Society". This initiative gathered experts from multiple disciplines to discuss their perspectives on resilience; here we present the key messages of the "Pandemics, Climate and Sustainability” thinking group. We identify a roadmap and selected research areas concerning the improvement of IRAM analysis capacities, practices, policies. We recommend the development of robust data systems and science-policy advice systems to address combined shocks emerging from health, biodiversity loss and climate change. We posit that further developing the IRAM framework to include these recommendations will improve societal preparedness and response capacity and will provide more empirical evidence supporting decision-making and the selection of strategies and measures for integrated risk reduction.

Nexus between Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution: Evidence from 23 Countries in Africa

As Africa becomes more open to trade and globalization, emissions in the region continue to increase steadily. In the context of the prevailing economic and political conditions in Africa, it is anticipated that climate change shocks will impede developmental progress and hinder economic growth within the region. This research endeavors to empirically investigate the interconnections among GDP per capita, renewable energy consumption, freshwater withdrawals, forest area, and greenhouse gas emissions across 23 African nations from 2001 to 2020. The analytical framework incorporates the Pedroni cointegration test and the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) method to establish a durable relationship among the variables under scrutiny.
 The outcomes of our investigation disclose that a 1% escalation in GDP per capita and freshwater withdrawals corresponds to an 87.75% and 16.93% increase in greenhouse gas emissions, respectively. Conversely, a 1% rise in renewable energy consumption and forest area manifests a decline in greenhouse gas emissions by 58.51% and 13.24%, respectively. The examination reveals a negative coefficient for GDP per capita squared, affirming the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. Furthermore, the Pairwise causality test indicates bidirectional causation between renewable energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions and between renewable energy consumption and GDP per capita. Additionally, unidirectional causality exists from GDP per capita to greenhouse gas emissions, freshwater withdrawals to GDP per capita, forest area to GDP per capita, and freshwater withdrawals to forest area. The study recommends the sustainable use of resources in order to achieve low emissions.

Short-term impact of climate change on labor market in China: Quantitative spatial analysis based on an oligopsony model

Assessing the impact of climate change on the economy is an important issue for designing climate policy. By constructing an oligopsony model to depict the incompleteness of the labor market and using the quantitative spatial model analysis method, we quantitatively estimated the short-term impact of climate change on the labor market in China. Then, to control climate change, the optimal climate change governance intensities (CCGI) of multi-governments satisfying CD preferences and Stackelberg game are designed and solved. The results show that climate change leads to a decrease in wages and labor supply in labor market equilibrium and a loss of market aggregate income and labor scale. Climate change has led to a shift in labor from the agricultural and dirty sectors to the clean sector. The regional labor distribution is also being “disrupted” due to climate change. Moreover, declining migration costs and increased subsidies help to reduce the negative impacts of climate change. The optimal CCGI of the central government is higher than that of the provincial government. The optimal CCGI is higher in the eastern provinces than in the central and western regions. Implementing CCGI would mitigate the negative climate change shocks to the labor market in China and increase welfare. The conclusions of this paper provide strong support for preventing climate change risks and actively participating in global climate change governance.

Preface

Preface: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Tropical Agroforestry in Indonesia (ICTAFI)Welcome to the proceedings of the First International Conference on Tropical Agroforestry in Indonesia (ICTAFI). We are delighted to present this collection of papers that were presented at the conference held on 29th to 31st August 2023, in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia. The conference aims to bring together researchers, practitioners, scholars, and policy makers from around the world to share their insights and innovations in Tropical Agroforestry.The papers in this volume cover a wide range of Agroforestry research and development topics, including negotiation support for landscape multifunctionality and water security, resilience to shocks of volcanic activity, climate change, covid-19, and changing market demand, food security and human health, and transforming landscapes from delivery of products to a service-based economy, adapting education processes. We received about 30 abstract submissions for the presentations and 17 full papers. Following the deliberate review by a panel of experts, 13 papers were selected for inclusion in the proceedings.We sincerely thank all authors who submitted their work for consideration, the members of the organizing committee for their tireless efforts, and the reviewers who dedicated their time and expertise to ensure the quality of the distributions.We hope that the papers presented in this proceeding will be source of inspiration, a reference for future endeavor, and contributing to the advancement of knowledge in Tropical Agroforestry.Sincerely,Syahrul Kurniawan, S.P., M.P., Ph.DConference ChairList of Editorial & Committee, Organizing Committee are available in this Pdf.

Climate Change Shocks and Credit Risk of Financial Institutions: Evidence from China’s Commercial Banks

ABSTRACT As global climate risk is looming in recent years, the climate risks faced by financial institutions are also increasing. Effectively quantifying and assessing climate-related financial risks is of great significance for financial institutions to establish risk management mechanisms. Accordingly, choosing Chinese commercial bank data from 2007 to 2019, this paper quantitatively evaluates the influence of climate change shock on the banks’ credit risk by taking the annual temperature fluctuation in cities as the core index to characterize the climate change degree. It is found that annual average temperature rise can significantly increase the credit risk level of commercial banks. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that small-scale banks, rural commercial banks, and commercial banks with higher marketization levels are more sensitive to climate change. Further analysis shows summer and autumn temperature changes have the most prominent impact on banks’ credit risk. Moreover, there is no obvious nonlinear relationship or lagged effects between annual temperature change and banks’ credit risk in our dataset.

Modelling Dynamic Linkage between Climate Change and Food Inflation in Nigeria

The study delves into the critical issue of climate change and its detrimental impact on various regions worldwide, including Nigeria. It emphasizes the urgent need for global efforts to mitigate these effects and advocates for measures to address human activities contributing to climate dynamics. Specifically, the study empirically examines the affiliation between climate change shocks and food price inflation in Nigeria using a Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) approach. The dataset covers the period from January 2011 to December 2022.The empirical findings reveal a robust cointegrating relationship between climate change shocks and food price inflation in Nigeria. Notably, climate change shocks significantly contributed to rising food prices within the study period. Furthermore, the Error Correction Term (ECT), estimated at 52 percent, indicates that food price inflation adjusts by 52 percent in the current month to counteract the initial shock experienced in the previous month. The Dynamic Multiplier graph, along with a 95 percent confidence interval, demonstrates that the explanatory variables exert substantial influence on food price inflation in Nigeria during the study period. Considering these findings, the study recommends that Nigeria should transit from traditional agricultural practices to Climate-Smart Agriculture to address future needs and climate-related challenges. Additionally, the government and stakeholders should implement alternative practices such as irrigation and the replenishment of shrinking water bodies in the Sudan and Sahel savannah regions.

The impact of climate change on the resilience of banking systems in selected Sub-Saharan economies

Climate change is seen as a peril to the overall financial system, yet this revelation is in its infant stage. On that note, this study investigates the impact of climate change shocks on banking system resilience in selected Sub-Saharan economies. The study relies on a quantitative research method by first employing a Generalized Auto Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) (1,1) model to forecast the volatility series of the climate change variables. Further, the study applies the panel ARDL model to disseminate the long- and short-term associations between the obtained conditional variances of climate change parameters and banking system resilience within a time frame of 1996-2017 for 29 selected economies. The results show that banking systems in SSA are resilient to temperature shocks in the long-term. However, the study finds that the banking systems in SSA are not resilient to both precipitation and greenhouse gas shocks in the long-term. For the short-term impact assessment, the study finds that banking systems in SSA are resilient to only precipitation shocks. The study concludes that banking sectors in SSA should vigorously conduct stress-testing on climate-related financial risks and also design forward-looking strategies as well as climate change risk management procedures in the wake of climate change events.

The Shocks of Climate Change on Bank Loans

Climate change poses new challenges to the banking sector. Thus, in this paper, we investigate the effect of climate change on bank loans using panel data covering 7,865 banks in Indonesia from 2011-2021. We define bank loans into three variables, i.e., outstanding credit, non-performing loans (NPLs), and interest rates. Our results suggest that, of the six climate-related disasters, the flood has a significant and consistent effect. An increase in the frequency of floods reduces credit and increases NPLs. Consistent results are found for disaster risk index scores. The empirical results show that there is a negative effect of climate change on bank loans so further policies from banks and regulators' side are needed.

Smallholder farmers’ Resilience Capacity to Climate Change Shocks at Kikombo ward in Dodoma Region


 
 
 Despite the fact that, climate change is a threat worldwide, semi-arid areas are more vulnerable to its distress. This study was conducted at Kikombo Ward in Chamwino District to examine the local community’s resilience capacity to climate change shocks using 73 families which were randomly selected. Cross tabulation, correlation, and Binary logistic regression were used to study the variables using IBM SPSS version 20. The results revealed that 97% of the respondents were aware of the impacts of climate change on agriculture, but only 43.7% were practicing Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA). Even though 43.7% of smallholder farmers reported to practice CSA, their crop production was still low which raises questions about the effectiveness and challenges faced in the application of CSA. The findings further disclosed that most of the CSA practices were not done in the farmers' plots or were done partially. Challenges facing smallholder farmers in practicing CSA included; a lack of knowledge on the proper application of the CSA practices (p=0.023) as well as the cost of tools and inputs (p=0.034). The findings indicate that, most of the households had low resilience capacity to climate change shocks and the community's ability to absorb climate change shocks depended mainly on income accrued from small businesses. Services provided to promote the adoption of CSA were inadequate and therefore insignificant in enhancing the adoption of CSA. In this regard, the government and development partner’s support are highly recommended for optimum CSA application in the community.
 
 
 

The meanings of resilience in climate justice: women smallholder farmers’ responses to agricultural shocks in Uganda under the spotlight

abstract Climate crisis has become a global concern resulting in increased frequency of climate hazards and agricultural shocks. Women who dominate agricultural production in Africa are considered the most vulnerable to these shocks due to their reliance on the natural ecosystem for production, compounded by the persistent gender inequalities that make up the social ecology in which they live. Climate activism as a strategy for promoting social change has a potential for strengthening resilience, especially fostering change in the systems that limit women farmer’s resilience to climate change shocks. With multiple initiatives to support households to adapt to the various agricultural shocks, the question needs to be asked, to what extent do initiatives aim at changing the systems/structures and the social ecology that limit women’s resilience to climate change shocks? The article draws on a baseline survey conducted in two districts in Uganda in 2022 that employed a mixed methods approach. The article interrogates the existing initiatives’ potential to strengthen women’s resilience to climate related agricultural shocks in the context of climate justice. With reference to a social-ecological model of resilience, the article illuminates the extent to which these efforts have contributed to transforming the social ecologies that limit women’s resilience. The findings suggest the need for women’s climate activism and organising to effectively address the underlying social and gender norms that continue to limit women’s empowerment and resilience to climate related agricultural shocks in Uganda.

The Inter-Relationship between Climate Change, Inequality, Poverty and Food Security in Africa: A Bibliometric Review and Content Analysis Approach

Despite the persistent income inequality and climate change shocks in Africa, there is limited research on their effects on food security. Hence, this study adopted a mixed-methods approach including a bibliometric analysis and content analysis to examine emerging themes in the literature on climate change, inequality and poverty, and food insecurity in Africa. The bibliometric data used were retrieved from the Scopus database for the period 2000–2022. The exercise revealed an increasing trend in the number of publications in the field, as well as strong collaboration between African countries. Specifically, most of the leading research was published by Kenyan, USA, and UK institutes. From the analysis, seven themes emerged; namely; (1) the impact of governance and policy on poverty alleviation, nutrition status, and food security; (2) the role of innovation and sustainable agriculture in mitigating climate change in developing countries; (3) integrating gender in evaluations of the impact of climate change on food security and livelihoods in Africa; (4) climate change adaptation among smallholders in building resilience for nutrition; (5) the role of institutions in assisting smallholders mitigate and adapt to climate shocks; (6) inequality, food unavailability, and agricultural production; and (7) gendered impacts of climate-smart agriculture in climate adaptation and mitigation. We also found out that there was a dearth of longitudinal studies on these seven themes. Another key element revealed by the study was the lack of policies that address the gender-differentiated impacts of climate change; hence, there is limited research on the agricultural gender productivity gap. Policies based on the tenants of socio-economic inclusion need to guide the distribution of wealth and economic participation in order to reduce inequality and improve food security and nutrition outcomes.

Financial Crises and Climate Change.

Climate change is a big challenge of our time. While there is a bourgeoning literature on the economic impact of climate change, research on how financial crises affect climate change is limited. We empirically use the local projection method to empirically study the impact of past financial crises on climate change vulnerability and resilience indices. Using a dataset covering 178 countries over the period 1995-2019, we observe that resilience to climate change shocks has been increasing and that advanced economies are the least vulnerable. Our econometric results suggest that financial crises (particularly systematic banking ones) tend to lead to a short-run deterioration in a country's resilience to climate change. This effect is more pronounced in developing economies. In downturns, if an economy is hit by a financial crisis, vulnerability to climate change increases.

Analyzing the Evolving Relationships among Climate Change, Insecurity, and Food Price Inflation in Nigeria: NARDL Approach

The dynamics, scale, and direction of mediating relationships between climate change shocks, Insecurity and food price inflation has recently caught the attention of researchers and has become a subject of intense debate. Yet, studies differ on the type, scale, and evidence of the relationship between climate change shock, insecurity, and food price inflation. Thus, this study empirically investigates the affiliation between insecurity, climate change shocks and food price inflation in Nigeria. To achieve this objective, we adopted both Linear and Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach of cointegration analysis, with time series data spanning 2011M1-2022M12. The results show very strong evidence of a cointegrating relationships between insecurity, climate change shock and food price inflation in Nigeria. Both the ARDL and NARDL bound tests show that the variables of interest have symmetric and asymmetric long run relationships. We found that insecurity and climate change shock are significant determinant of heightened food prices in Nigeria within the study period. The Dynamic Multiplier graph with its accompanying 95 percent confidence interval for statistical inferences indicate that explanatory variables exert significant influence on the food price inflation in Nigeria. This study, therefore, recommends policy interventions to support households adversely impacted by insecurity in the affected zones. Also, the Nigerian state is encouraged to transit from traditional agricultural system to Climate-Smart Agriculture to meet future needs and climate related challenges.

Impact of land acquisition for large-scale agricultural investments on vulnerability of displaced households to climate change shocks in Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Although the socio-economic impacts of land acquisition for large-scale agricultural investments (LSAIs) are well researched, studies exploring the impact of LSAIs on climate change vulnerability of the displaced smallholders are scanty or none. This study, therefore, intends to bridge this knowledge gap. It empirically investigates the impact of LSAIs on the climate change vulnerability of displaced smallholders. Data was collected from 521 sample households (49% displaced and 51% non-displaced households) using the face-to-face survey data collection method in the Oromia region. Principal component analysis (PCA) and propensity score matching (PSM) methods were applied to analyze the data. The results indicate that LSAIs have increased the vulnerability of displaced smallholder farmers to climate change shocks by up to three-fold compared to the control households, which is significant at 1%. The finding implies that policymakers should consider the implications of land deals on the vulnerability of the displaced smallholders and design appropriate adaptation strategies to mitigate the impacts. The empirical finding from this study has filled the existing information gap in the areas of climate change vulnerability of the displaced farmers.

Impact of climate change shocks on economic growth: A new insight from non-linear analysis

Despite the fact that Pakistan’s contribution to GHG emissions is low (0.8%) when compared to other countries but it is one of the hardest hit by climate change. The present study is an attempt to identify the impact of climate change on economic growth. The non-linear autoregressive distributional lag (NARDL) technique is used to estimate the asymmetric effect of climate change on the economic growth of Pakistan. Annual data covering the years 1980–2021 are used for empirical analysis. It is noteworthy to reiterate that CO2 emissions and mean temperature pose asymmetrical results concerning economic growth, both in the long-run and short-run. CO2_POS and CO2_NEG have a negative impact on economic growth, whereas MEANT_POS has a positive impact on economic growth and MEANT_NEG has a negative impact. Precipitation has a positive and significant long-term influence on economic growth. Research findings indicate that comprehensive mitigation policies at the nationwide and worldwide levels are required to limit human-caused climate change in Pakistan. At national level, tree planting projects and safeguard greenery at all costs while at international level, policies needed for adoption of mitigation strategies to control climate change.

The role of government interventions in household climate adaptation on the Tibetan Plateau

As climate change and its impacts intensify, the role of governments in the climate adaptation process has received widespread attention. Effective adaptation to climate change depends not only on whether households or communities adopt appropriate adaptation strategies but also on whether governments intervene effectively. To improve the understanding of the role of government interventions in households' climate adaptation processes, we propose a climate adaptation framework that takes government interventions into consideration at the household level. Based on a household survey in the Pumqu River Basin on the Tibetan Plateau, we discuss the impacts of government interventions on households' climate change adaptation. The results show that government interventions have: 1) buffered the risks and shocks of climate change to households' livelihoods; 2) shaped households' cognitions of climate change; 3) mediated the impact of households' livelihoods and climate change cognitions on their adaptation strategies; and 4) directly influenced households’ livelihoods and their choices of climate adaptation strategies. Our findings emphasize the interfaces between government interventions and household adaptation, which not only helps governments clarify some principles when planning climate interventions but also has important implications for them to better guide households to adapt to climate change.