Implementation Of Climate Change Policies Research Articles

Policies and tools for climate change policy implementation: a panel data analysis at industrial and commercial level

Climate change is a very debated topic among academia, national and international institutions. Therefore, policies and tools for diminishing pollutant emissions are in place in a number of countries. Among them, taxation and renewable energy use seem to be among the most important. This paper aims at testing the impact of certain tools for climate change policy implementation, such as environmental taxes, renewable energy use, real productivity, employment rate taking into consideration the level of economic development and the GINI coefficient, on the greenhouse gas emissions in two important sectors of the economy: industry and commerce. Panel data analysis is used for a cluster of nine developing countries of the European Union that have the per capita GDP at purchasing power parity lower than 80% of the EU average, during 2008–2021. Similar to other studies, the results show a negative relationship between environmental taxation and greenhouse gas emissions in the industrial sector, and a positive one in the commercial sector. The latter is explained by the fact that transport, which is a main pollutant sector, is also one of the most difficult sectors to achieve green transition, given high associated costs. The analysis also shows that renewable energy use discourages the emissions of greenhouse gases, both in the industrial and commercial sectors, so that fostering investment in renewables is an important factor for addressing climate change and promoting a sustainable growth.

Effective climate finance coordination? Stakeholder perceptions, climate change policy implementation and the underlying political economy factors in Kenya

ABSTRACT The last two decades have seen an increase in climate financing channelled to the Global South from multiple sources, putting a spotlight on climate finance coordination challenges in recipient countries. However, the climate finance coordination debate has largely been centred at climate finance provision at the global level. Emerging literature has called on recipient countries to establish effective climate finance coordination mechanisms. Yet, the calls have not clarified what accounts for an effective coordination mechanism. This paper addresses the gap by analyzing stakeholder perceptions of effective climate finance coordination in Kenya. Kenya has instituted a legal and institutional framework to guide climate finance coordination, but challenges of coordination persist. Using the political economy framework, the paper analyzes political economy factors influencing stakeholder perceptions and climate change policy implementation to identify political contestations that need to be reconciled. Data is drawn from relevant literature, 29 key informant interviews and 4 focus group discussions at the national level in Nairobi and at the sub-national level in Turkana County. Deductive thematic analysis is adopted for coding and analyzing data. Results indicate that different ideologies, interests, incentives, politics, power relations and contestation over resources largely influence stakeholder perceptions of an effective climate finance coordination mechanism and climate policy implementation. The operationalization of the National Climate Change Council and the National Climate Change Fund are the most contested. The paper calls on policy actors to reconcile political issues of contention for recipient countries to institute coordination mechanisms that gain ownership and widespread legitimacy from stakeholders.

Political trust and climate policy choice: evidence from a conjoint experiment

Abstract Why do citizens support or reject climate change mitigation policies? This is not an easy choice: citizens need to support the government in making these decisions, accept potentially radical behavior change, and have altruism across borders and for future generations. A substantial literature argues that political trust facilitates citizen support for these complex policy decisions by mitigating the cost and uncertainty that policies impose on individuals and buttressing support for government intervention. We test whether this is the case with a pre-registered conjoint experiment fielded in Germany in which we vary fundamental aspects of policy design that are related to the cost, uncertainty, and implementation of climate change policies. Contrary to strong theoretical expectations and previous work, we find no difference between those with low and high trust on their support for different policy attributes, assuaging the concern that low and declining trust inhibits climate policymaking.

Green finance and governance: The effect of climate change

This study aims to investigate the implementation of climate change policy, governance practices, and green financing and the impact of environment, social, and governance (ESG), specifically on the environment, which includes emissions and climate change policy on stock price and firm’s profitability. Qualitative and quantitative methods are employed. An in-depth interview is conducted with nine non-listed firms across Sumatera chosen based on the most significant emissions contribution in Sumatera for the qualitative approach. Furthermore, this research covers green finance variables, including financing spent to finance investments that can reduce carbon levels. An ordinary least square (OLS) is employed for the quantitative analysis. The observations are listed banks on Indonesia Stock Exchange. Eight banks reported ESG during the observation period from 2002 to 2021. The result reveals that ESG, such as environmental, resource use, innovation, and emission policy and practice, positively and significantly influence stock price and profitability which is consistent with Nawaz et al. (2021). This might indicate that ESG are important, as the investors observe. The choice of resources used, innovation in the product/services concerning environmental factors, environmental investment, and climate change action are crucial in affecting the stock price as one of the indicators of investors’ sentiment. In addition, this also indicates that the greater the company focuses on the environment, the higher the profitability and the reinvestment rate.

Exogeneus Force Theory, Sebuah Antitesis Teori Negara Otonom dalam Formulasi Kebijakan Publik Perubahan Iklim di Kota Palangka Raya

Autonomous state theory is a view to see how public policy is implemented. Even if a policy is unable to overcome economic problems because it is not tied to the provision of public goods, the state still has the power to make its own policies. From the perspective of social goals to avoid damage, climate change and disaster adaptation policies in Indonesia are examples of appropriate policies that can be developed using this. This research aims to analyze whether the Autonomous State Theory can be reapplied to the emergence of climate change adaptation policies in the city of Palangka Raya or whether exogenous incentives have more influence on the implementation of climate change policies or not. In this research, the author used qualitative methods. Conducting an in-depth case study on the implementation of climate change policies in the City of Palangka Raya. This may involve interviews with policy makers, stakeholders, and analysis of policy documents. In-depth interviews were conducted with various parties involved in the climate change policy formulation process, namely, government, academics, environmental activists and other stakeholders. In addition, Analyze policy documents, reports and other information resources to understand the context, objectives and impact of climate change policies in the City of Palangka Raya. The data sources for this research are generally primary and secondary data. To be able to answer this research question, analysis techniques using qualitative methods are needed. The results of the research conclude that the exogenous theory is the antithesis of the Autonomous State Theory in formulating public policy regarding climate change in the city of Palangka Raya. This theory emphasizes the importance of involving actors other than the state in reducing the impacts of climate change. Countries must work together with private companies, international organizations, and civil society to develop effective solutions.

The Influence of Political Systems on Climate Change Policy Implementation in Africa

Climate change presents significant challenges to Africa, exacerbating existing difficulties such as poverty, food security, and insufficient infrastructure. This study aims to explore the influence of political systems on climate change policy implementation in African countries. A systematic literature review approach was employed to gather and analyze relevant studies from academic journals, reports, and policy documents. The synthesis of the findings indicates that political systems, including democratic, authoritarian, and decentralized systems, play a crucial role in determining the success of climate change policy implementation across the continent. Key challenges such as corruption, political instability, weak governance structures, and lack of financial resources hinder effective policy implementation. However, opportunities exist for improving policy implementation, such as regional cooperation, international support, and integrating climate change into national development plans. The study recommends strengthening democratic processes, enhancing regional and international cooperation, addressing corruption and strengthening governance structures, integrating climate change considerations into national development plans, and enhancing capacity at the local level. These recommendations aim to facilitate a united global endeavor to address the intricate challenges of climate change in Africa.

Not So Ambitious? Indonesia’s Coal Dependence Amidst The Era of Energy Transition

Indonesia ratified the Paris Agreement to combat climate change and pledged to reduce its carbon emissions. This commitment, however, contrasts Indonesia's development plan under Joko Widodo's administration. His policy has enabled the development of additional power plants, hence perpetuating Indonesia's reliance on coal. Thus, it is essential to examine why Indonesia is still struggling to break free from its dependence on coal, despite its ambitious goal to tackle climate change. This paper will apply the Copenhagen School's securitisation theory to explore how security is defined and shapes Indonesia's energy transition process. Furthermore, this research will use distributive and procedural justice theory to examine the decision-making process and climate change policy implementation. In order to accomplish so, we will employ qualitative methods such as desk studies, which will comprise academic literature as well as government statements and regulations. This paper argues that Indonesia's energy transition is impeded by how other security issues are prioritised above climate change. In addition, the lack of justice principles in the climate policy formulation and implementation has contributed to Indonesia's reliance on coal. Since Indonesia is the world's largest coal exporter and one of the top ten global polluters, this study intends to contribute to identifying challenges in the transition to renewable energy.Keywords: Indonesia; coal dependence; energy transition; securitisation; distributive and procedural justice

Are resource-rich countries less responsive to global warming? Oil wealth and climate change policy

Environmental degradation is recognized as a major threat to sustainable and inclusive development and therefore requires a rapid and effective political response. Political will to tackle the problem is essential, although there are wide variations in this commitment between countries. With the aim of understanding why some countries would be more committed to developing climate policies than other, this article examines whether oil dependence explains differences in the development and implementation of climate change policies. Additionally, this study investigates mechanisms through which oil wealth affects climate change policies. Our empirical analysis is based on the two-stage instrumental variable (IV-2SLS) method. The empirical findings using data for up to 82 countries suggest that oil abundance and dependence individually have a negative and significant effect on climate change policies. Thus, oil-rich countries are, on average, less inclined to adopt and implement strict policies to combat climate change. In addition, mediation analysis reveals that oil dependence has an indirect negative effect on climate change policy through its impact on corruption, democracy, women's political participation, and financial development. These findings shed new light on how oil wealth affects environmental policy outcomes and can help policymakers identify obstacles to the adoption of climate change policies.

Climate change and the livelihoods of food crop farmers in Lesotho: Lessons for the implementation of the national climate change adaptation strategy.

The vast majority of Lesotho's rural population is reliant on agriculture for survival. However, Lesotho, Southern Africa is extremely vulnerable to the effects of climate change, which has a negative impact on rural livelihoods. Furthermore, despite the fiscal challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, Lesotho's National Climate Change Policy Implementation Strategy has been hampered by implementation issues and has yet to be implemented. This sparked the necessity for this research, which aims to inform the government of Lesotho on how farmers are combating climate change in their own tiny way. This study employs a survey to gather data from 200 farmers from farming villages across the country's 10 regions. According to the findings of this study, farmers have experienced climate change in the areas of drying rivers, delayed on-set of rainfall, and excessive frost or cold. As a result of these events, farmers have experienced poorer agricultural yields, increased insect and disease attacks, and lower-than-normal harvests. The adaptation methods the farmers are using include the employment of indigenous technology for pest and disease control, fruit tree planting, conservation agriculture (water and soil conservation), and rainwater harvest storage for use during dry seasons. Some of these adaptation strategies are feared to cause further environmental challenges for Lesotho. Therefore, in order to enhance the lives of Lesotho's farmers, the government of Lesotho should consider implementing the National Climate Change Policy Implementation Strategy.

Changes in energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the Lithuanian household sector caused by environmental awareness and climate change policy

The increasing frequency of extreme weather events forced policymakers to take stricter commitments to mitigate climate change. The household sector, which is responsible for one-third of greenhouse gas (CO2) emissions is also important when mitigating climate change. However, there is still a lack of research which analyzes the changes in electricity and energy for heating consumption and CO2 emissions caused. Furthermore, the aim of this paper is to analyze the determinants such as: environmental awareness (knowledge about the environment, attitudes towards energy behavior, and pro-environmental behavior), climate change policy (renovations, choice of green electricity supplier) and social-demographic variables of electricity, energy for heating, electricity consumption and CO2 pollution caused in 2022 in Lithuania. The results showed that energy for heating consumption and CO2 emissions caused decreased significantly from 2017 to 2022. Meanwhile, electricity consumption increased but CO2 pollution caused changed insignificantly. From the main determinants, only education level significantly and negatively affected electricity consumption and its carbon dioxide emissions. Environmental knowledge and pro-environmental behavior significantly and positively influenced electricity consumption and its pollution. Energy consumption for heating significantly and negatively depended on education level, environmental knowledge, and renovation level. Meanwhile, renovation and choice of green electricity supplier significantly and negatively determined carbon dioxide emissions caused by energy consumption for heating. Thus, these results confirmed the importance of climate change policy implementation, particularly the promotion of renovation processes, and renewable energy consumption.

The Carbon Bubble: climate policy in a fire‐sale model of deleveraging∗

AbstractCredible implementation of climate change policy, consistent with the 2 °C limit, requires a large proportion of current fossil‐fuel reserves to remain unused. This issue, named the Carbon Bubble, is usually presented as a required asset write‐off, with implications for investors. We embed the Carbon Bubble in a macroeconomic model exhibiting a financial accelerator: if investors are leveraged, then the Carbon Bubble might precipitate a fire‐sale of assets across the economy, and generate a large and persistent fall in output and investment, impairing the economy's ability to invest in the zero carbon assets it needs to produce output in the post‐climate‐transition world. We find a role for macroeconomic policy protecting investors' balance sheets in mitigating the macroeconomic effects of the Carbon Bubble, and enhancing welfare.

Climate change policy implementation in Buenos Aires (2015-2020

In a world where climate change has been one of the main challenges in the last decades, cities and local governments are key players to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to new climate conditions. This article focuses on climate change policy implementation at local level. Using the city of Buenos Aires as a case study, in this research it is aimed to identify which micro- and macro-level factors and the context enable the local government to implement its climate change action plan launched in 2015. To do so, Ryan’s framework is used. The main findings of this paper support the hypothesis tested: Buenos Aires local government had sufficient resources and support from political and social coalitions, as well as the ability to link climate action with local issues to implement the Climate Change Action Plan (2015-2020).

Is indigenous knowledge serving climate adaptation? Evidence from various African regions

SummaryMotivationCommunities across the global south use their rich indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) to predict weather events and climate hazards. ILK may assist efforts to address climate change challenges in Africa and make subsequent decisions regarding climate adaptation.PurposeThe article documents evidence of the ILK's potential in reducing vulnerability to climate change and/or improving the resilience of communities. The study also reflects on major barriers that hinder the improved mainstreaming of ILK into adaptation strategies.Methods and approachThe present study uses two main methods: a literature review and a presentation of case studies from a sample of African countries where ILK informs adaptation options, including indigenous land‐tenure practices and weather prediction. The selected case studies highlight the historical legacy of ILK and its effectiveness in reducing vulnerability and the impacts of climate change.FindingsThe results indicate that, despite being acknowledged as a valuable resource for climate adaptation, current national adaptation policies on the African continent still show serious gaps in effectively integrating ILK systems within the legal frameworks to reduce vulnerability.Policy implicationsILK should be better integrated with modern climate change adaptation strategies to anticipate more effective responses. Both rural communities and relevant government agencies should complement the use of ILK with climate change strategies, so as to maximize its contribution to the effective implementation of climate change policies.

Climate financing barriers and strategies: the case of Sri Lanka

PurposeClimate change mitigation and adaptation play an important role in overcoming the climate change challenges facing Sri Lanka today. Many initiatives have been undertaken to implement different policies and plans in this regard, which require considerable mobilisation of national and international financing. In acquiring climate finance, many barriers can be identified. This paper aims to investigate such barriers to climate financing in Sri Lanka and proposes strategies to address them.Design/methodology/approachThe qualitative research approach was undertaken in this study by conducting ten semi-structured interviews with experts who are involved in climate change policy implementation activities in Sri Lanka. The collected data were analysed using the content analysis method via Nvivo software.FindingsThe empirical findings unveil six key barriers and the corresponding root causes to climate financing in Sri Lanka. Inadequate domestic funding for climate actions was captured as the dominant barrier in this direction. This study also revealed that barriers and their root causes are interconnected, leading to many financial limitations in implementing climate actions. The importance of playing a leading role by the government and enabling an integrated approach between the private and public sector organisations were identified as key strategies to combat climate finance barriers.Originality/valueDespite there being studies focusing on climate change and related policies, limited research has been carried out with regard to climate financing. Within this context, this study makes an original contribution in the area of climate financing with particular reference to a developing country like Sri Lanka. Further, the identification of barriers to climate financing, their root causes and strategies to address them also provides an original contribution to theory and practice.

Assessment of Awareness on Climate Change among Public and Private Universities of Lahore

As everything in this world evolves or changes, so does our climate. Scientists have now proved that climate change is happening at a much faster rate than before. Pakistan is one of the most vulnerable continents to climate change impacts. Pakistan is considered as 7th most vulnerable country to climate change. Recently in Lahore, many major events occurred due to climate change like the occurrence of smog. The present study was conducted in 4 different tertiary institutions of Lahore, Pakistan. A descriptive survey design was specially employed for this study which used a stratified random sampling method for selecting the students. Moreover, a structured questionnaire titled climate change awareness was developed for collecting data from the students based on their level of awareness. According to this survey, 49.1% of the students know about the policies government is making regarding climate change. 62.5% of the respondents agreed that they have the necessary information to prepare for the impacts of climate change. The result of the findings showed a moderate level of awareness about climate change among the students. Awareness of climate change is an important ingredient for the successful implementation of climate change policy in the country. By improving the climate services and raising awareness about climate change and once it starts to grow it can be integrated into local, national, and sectoral development plans.

Conceptualizing the techno-environmental habitus

This paper conceptualizes the techno-environmental habitus to explore differentiation among media users and their climate change awareness by adopting a dynamic concept that takes into consideration both pre-existing conditions and interactions with the technological field of action. The paper investigates the characteristics of multi-layered dispositions towards climate change in the U.K. through an online survey of a representative sample of the U.K. population (N=1,013). Results show that, despite the predominance of advocacy positions, four different techno-environmental habitus point to a fragmented landscape, but also a “chameleon”, transformative capacity of habitus, given that some common traits are shared by the groups. Beyond the four different patterns related to techno-environmental attitudes, one of the most interesting findings relates to the fatalistic techno-environmental habitus, which presents some traits in common with the scepticism and advocacy approaches but tends to be discouraged with regard to taking action. The identification of the nuances of techno-environmental habitus is relevant for climate change policy implementation because they may facilitate or hinder both individual and collective action.

Exploring public opinions on climate change policy in "Big Data Era"—A case study of the European Union Emission Trading System (EU-ETS) based on Twitter

Public awareness has an important effect on the legislation and implementation of climate change policies. Against the backdrop of the "Big Data Era," social media is an appealing and promising tool for a timely and complete understanding of public perception and attitudes towards climate policies. This paper examines the public's spontaneous attention and awareness about carbon emissions trading (ETS). Tweets related to the EU-ETS, published between 2008 and 2019, were collected for multi-dimensional analysis. Empirical results show several important findings. First, public attention on the EU-ETS has increased significantly since 2011. Second, government officials and industry practitioners have a stronger influence in the discussions than the public and industrial enterprises. Third, topic followers mostly gathered in Belgium (16.65%), the UK (11.6%), and some non-regulated countries like the US and Australia. Fourth, the public mainly focused on the policies and legislation, allowance price, and allocation. The innovation of this study rests in the development of a social media data-based research framework to examine the public's cognition of climate policies, which integrates the advantages of public social media, social network analysis, and text topic analysis. This study provides comprehensive analysis and support for climate policy implementation and public acceptance improvement.

Board gender diversity and firms' social engagement in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries

PurposeThe Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries form a unique socioeconomic environment that makes the conclusions of the prior literature not likely to be applicable. GCC countries have huge oil reserves, yet they are aiming at reducing oil dependency through enhancing transparency, increasing foreign direct investments and reforming their governance structure. Their firms are mainly family owned and have low female representation in leadership positions. The study seeks to fill a literature gap by providing a business case supporting the call for gender diverse boards for better governance.Design/methodology/approachThe study examines a sample of GCC-listed firms for the years 2009–2018. Three measures are used to proxy for firm social engagement, namely, CSR strategy score, environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure score and social pillar score. To ensure whether the presence of women on board or the number of women on board is influential on social engagements, the authors use the existence of women on board and the percentage of women on board variables. Data are collected using Thomson Reuters, and generalized least squares (GLS) panel data regression is used to estimate relationships.FindingsThe authors find that female representation on GCC corporate boards is increasing, yet in a slow path. The reported results support the role of women on boards in prompting firms' social agenda and enhancing the level of sustainability reporting. The results also show that female board representation supports the implementation of climate change policy, business ethics policy and health and safety policy.Originality/valueThe paper evidence the add value of women participation on GCC corporate boards in enhancing boards' functionality and governance. The empirical findings encourage firms and policymakers in the GCC countries to increase the share of females on corporate boards to improve firms' citizenship and facilitate attracting foreign investors.

Reflections on climate change policy implementation

Climate village can be categorized as one of the Indonesia’s climate change policies to address climate change. The program itself has been implementing throughout the archipelago since 2012. In line with the global strategies, the program conducted adaptation and mitigation strategies to reduce climate change impacts. Based on Howlett, Ramesh & Perl’s perspective, this study aims to reflect the implementation of the climate change policy. The research used descriptive qualitative method. The data were collected through interviews, field observation, and documentation. The results found that there were three main issues needed to be fixed; (1) the sustainability of the program, (2) the lack of community capacity, and (3) the lack of partnership.

Communicating climate change policy to people in rural area

Climate change is a real problem threatening all human beings in the world. Therefore, everyone has a responsibility to reduce the climate change impacts. Based on research, opinion leaders can play various important roles in the societal life. One of them is to disseminate government policies in rural area. This study focused to examine opinion leaders’ strategy to communicate climate change policy in rural area. This research employed descriptive qualitative method. The data were taken through interviews, observation and documentation. The results showed that the opinion leaders employed various formal and informal strategies to communicate climate change policy to their community. They were evidently important actors to boost the successful of climate change policy implementation. This research confirmed that opinion leaders especially in rural area posits important roles in the societal life.